Prevalence of Interleukin-6-174 <I>G/C</I> and Interleukin-6-190 <I>C/T</I> Polymorphisms in Malnourished Children Aged 0-59 Months in Senegal

Jessika Issa; Fatimata Mbaye; Fatou Ly; Abdallah Diallo; Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf; Mbacké Sembène

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15

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Prevalence of Interleukin-6-174 G/C and Interleukin-6-190 C/T Polymorphisms in Malnourished Children Aged 0-59 Months in Senegal

Jessika Issa, Fatimata Mbaye, Fatou Ly, Abdallah Diallo, Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf, Mbacké Sembène

Published in International Journal of Genetics and Genomics (Volume 11, Issue 3)

Received: 6 June 2023 Accepted: 6 July 2023 Published: 26 July 2023

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Abstract

Malnutrition, which is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age worldwide, especially in developing and middle-income countries, constitutes a problem about which we have only minimal genetic comprehension. Interleukin 6 (IL6), a cytokine that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation as well as balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, is reportedly associated with certain diseases in children, such as malnutrition, asthma, and obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T gene polymorphisms in malnourished children in Senegal. We analyzed polymorphisms IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T in 57 malnourished and 10 healthy children (age 0-59 months), using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Z-score values were obtained using WHO Anthro® version 3.2.2 software. All data were entered into Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using R Studio version 4.2.2 software. Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, genotypic, and allelic frequencies were generated using GenePop version 4.3 software. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the associations of the polymorphisms with malnutrition and anthropometry. The GG genotype was more frequent in the malnourished (84.44%) and healthy children (100%) for the IL6-174 polymorphism; whereas for IL6-190, the CC genotype was present in all healthy children (100%) and 89.47% malnourished children. The IL6-174 CC and IL6-190 TT genotypes were present only in 15.56% and 10.53% respectively in malnourished children. No heterozygous genotypes were found for either gene polymorphism. For the malnourished children, logistic regression analysis showed no significant associations between the IL6-174 and IL6-190 genotypes and the anthropometric measurements, whereas it did show significant associations (P < 0.05) of the IL6-174 GC and GG and IL6-190 CC genotypes with the female gender. It was concluded that IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T polymorphisms are not significantly associated with childhood malnutrition or anthropometric measurements.

Published in	International Journal of Genetics and Genomics (Volume 11, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15
Page(s)	91-96
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Malnutrition, Children, IL6-174, IL6-190, Polymorphism

References

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[2]	Khaing H. T., Nomura S., Yoneoka D., Ueda P., & Shibuya K. (2019). Risk factors and regional variations of malnutrition among children under 5 in Myanmar: cross-sectional analyses at national and subnational levels. BMJ Open, 9 (9): e030894.
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[6]	Marginean C. O., Banescu C., Septimiu V., & Carmen D. (2014). IL-6 572 C/G, 190 C/T, and 174 G/C gene polymorphisms in children’s malnutrition. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 59 (5): 666-673.
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[10]	Boaventura P., Durães C., Mendes A., Costa N., Chora I., Ferreira S., Soares P. (2016). IL6-174 G> C polymorphism (rs1800795) association with late effects of low dose radiation exposure in the Portuguese Tinea Capitis cohort. PLoS One, 11 (9): e0163474.
[11]	Kumar P., Misra S., Yadav A. K., Kumar A., Sriwastva M., & Prasad K. (2016). Relationship between interleukin-6 (-174 G/C and -572 C/G) promoter gene polymorphisms and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage: A meta-analysis. Pulse (Basel), 4 (2-3): 61-68.
[12]	Settin A., Zedan M., Farag M., El Regal M. E., & Osman E. (2008). Gene polymorphisms of IL-6 (-174) G/C and IL-1Ra VNTR in asthmatic children. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 75 (10): 1019-1023.
[13]	Ibrahim O. M., Gabre A. A., Sallam S. F., El-Alameey I. R., Sabry R. N., Galal E. M., Ramadan A. (2017). Influence of interleukin-6 (174G/C) gene polymorphism on obesity in Egyptian children. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 5 (7): 831-835.
[14]	OMS. (2010). WHO Anthro Survey Analyser for personal computers, version 3. 2. 2, 2011: Software for assessing growth and development of the world’s children. Geneva: World Health Organization. Accessible at https://www.who.int/tools/child-growth-standards/software.
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APA Style

Jessika Issa, Fatimata Mbaye, Fatou Ly, Abdallah Diallo, Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf, et al. (2023). Prevalence of Interleukin-6-174 G/C and Interleukin-6-190 C/T Polymorphisms in Malnourished Children Aged 0-59 Months in Senegal. International Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 11(3), 91-96. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15

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ACS Style

Jessika Issa; Fatimata Mbaye; Fatou Ly; Abdallah Diallo; Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf, et al. Prevalence of Interleukin-6-174 G/C and Interleukin-6-190 C/T Polymorphisms in Malnourished Children Aged 0-59 Months in Senegal. Int. J. Genet. Genomics 2023, 11(3), 91-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15

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AMA Style

Jessika Issa, Fatimata Mbaye, Fatou Ly, Abdallah Diallo, Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf, et al. Prevalence of Interleukin-6-174 G/C and Interleukin-6-190 C/T Polymorphisms in Malnourished Children Aged 0-59 Months in Senegal. Int J Genet Genomics. 2023;11(3):91-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15,
  author = {Jessika Issa and Fatimata Mbaye and Fatou Ly and Abdallah Diallo and Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf and Mbacké Sembène},
  title = {Prevalence of Interleukin-6-174 G/C and Interleukin-6-190 C/T Polymorphisms in Malnourished Children Aged 0-59 Months in Senegal},
  journal = {International Journal of Genetics and Genomics},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {91-96},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijgg.20231103.15},
  abstract = {Malnutrition, which is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age worldwide, especially in developing and middle-income countries, constitutes a problem about which we have only minimal genetic comprehension. Interleukin 6 (IL6), a cytokine that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation as well as balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, is reportedly associated with certain diseases in children, such as malnutrition, asthma, and obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T gene polymorphisms in malnourished children in Senegal. We analyzed polymorphisms IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T in 57 malnourished and 10 healthy children (age 0-59 months), using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Z-score values were obtained using WHO Anthro® version 3.2.2 software. All data were entered into Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using R Studio version 4.2.2 software. Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, genotypic, and allelic frequencies were generated using GenePop version 4.3 software. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the associations of the polymorphisms with malnutrition and anthropometry. The GG genotype was more frequent in the malnourished (84.44%) and healthy children (100%) for the IL6-174 polymorphism; whereas for IL6-190, the CC genotype was present in all healthy children (100%) and 89.47% malnourished children. The IL6-174 CC and IL6-190 TT genotypes were present only in 15.56% and 10.53% respectively in malnourished children. No heterozygous genotypes were found for either gene polymorphism. For the malnourished children, logistic regression analysis showed no significant associations between the IL6-174 and IL6-190 genotypes and the anthropometric measurements, whereas it did show significant associations (P  IL6-174 GC and GG and IL6-190 CC genotypes with the female gender. It was concluded that IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T polymorphisms are not significantly associated with childhood malnutrition or anthropometric measurements.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence of Interleukin-6-174 G/C and Interleukin-6-190 C/T Polymorphisms in Malnourished Children Aged 0-59 Months in Senegal
AU  - Jessika Issa
AU  - Fatimata Mbaye
AU  - Fatou Ly
AU  - Abdallah Diallo
AU  - Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf
AU  - Mbacké Sembène
Y1  - 2023/07/26
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15
T2  - International Journal of Genetics and Genomics
JF  - International Journal of Genetics and Genomics
JO  - International Journal of Genetics and Genomics
SP  - 91
EP  - 96
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7359
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15
AB  - Malnutrition, which is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age worldwide, especially in developing and middle-income countries, constitutes a problem about which we have only minimal genetic comprehension. Interleukin 6 (IL6), a cytokine that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation as well as balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, is reportedly associated with certain diseases in children, such as malnutrition, asthma, and obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T gene polymorphisms in malnourished children in Senegal. We analyzed polymorphisms IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T in 57 malnourished and 10 healthy children (age 0-59 months), using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Z-score values were obtained using WHO Anthro® version 3.2.2 software. All data were entered into Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using R Studio version 4.2.2 software. Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, genotypic, and allelic frequencies were generated using GenePop version 4.3 software. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the associations of the polymorphisms with malnutrition and anthropometry. The GG genotype was more frequent in the malnourished (84.44%) and healthy children (100%) for the IL6-174 polymorphism; whereas for IL6-190, the CC genotype was present in all healthy children (100%) and 89.47% malnourished children. The IL6-174 CC and IL6-190 TT genotypes were present only in 15.56% and 10.53% respectively in malnourished children. No heterozygous genotypes were found for either gene polymorphism. For the malnourished children, logistic regression analysis showed no significant associations between the IL6-174 and IL6-190 genotypes and the anthropometric measurements, whereas it did show significant associations (P  IL6-174 GC and GG and IL6-190 CC genotypes with the female gender. It was concluded that IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T polymorphisms are not significantly associated with childhood malnutrition or anthropometric measurements.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Jessika Issa

Genomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
Fatimata Mbaye

Genomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
Fatou Ly

National Hospital Center of Pikine (CHN-Pikine), Dakar, Senegal
Abdallah Diallo

Pediatric Social Institute of Pikine (IPS), Dakar, Senegal
Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf

Roi Baudoin Hospital of Guediawaye, Dakar, Senegal
Mbacké Sembène

Genomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Jessika Issa, Fatimata Mbaye, Fatou Ly, Abdallah Diallo, Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf, et al. (2023). Prevalence of Interleukin-6-174 G/C and Interleukin-6-190 C/T Polymorphisms in Malnourished Children Aged 0-59 Months in Senegal. International Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 11(3), 91-96. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15

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ACS Style

Jessika Issa; Fatimata Mbaye; Fatou Ly; Abdallah Diallo; Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf, et al. Prevalence of Interleukin-6-174 G/C and Interleukin-6-190 C/T Polymorphisms in Malnourished Children Aged 0-59 Months in Senegal. Int. J. Genet. Genomics 2023, 11(3), 91-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15

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AMA Style

Jessika Issa, Fatimata Mbaye, Fatou Ly, Abdallah Diallo, Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf, et al. Prevalence of Interleukin-6-174 G/C and Interleukin-6-190 C/T Polymorphisms in Malnourished Children Aged 0-59 Months in Senegal. Int J Genet Genomics. 2023;11(3):91-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15,
  author = {Jessika Issa and Fatimata Mbaye and Fatou Ly and Abdallah Diallo and Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf and Mbacké Sembène},
  title = {Prevalence of Interleukin-6-174 G/C and Interleukin-6-190 C/T Polymorphisms in Malnourished Children Aged 0-59 Months in Senegal},
  journal = {International Journal of Genetics and Genomics},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {91-96},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijgg.20231103.15},
  abstract = {Malnutrition, which is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age worldwide, especially in developing and middle-income countries, constitutes a problem about which we have only minimal genetic comprehension. Interleukin 6 (IL6), a cytokine that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation as well as balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, is reportedly associated with certain diseases in children, such as malnutrition, asthma, and obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T gene polymorphisms in malnourished children in Senegal. We analyzed polymorphisms IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T in 57 malnourished and 10 healthy children (age 0-59 months), using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Z-score values were obtained using WHO Anthro® version 3.2.2 software. All data were entered into Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using R Studio version 4.2.2 software. Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, genotypic, and allelic frequencies were generated using GenePop version 4.3 software. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the associations of the polymorphisms with malnutrition and anthropometry. The GG genotype was more frequent in the malnourished (84.44%) and healthy children (100%) for the IL6-174 polymorphism; whereas for IL6-190, the CC genotype was present in all healthy children (100%) and 89.47% malnourished children. The IL6-174 CC and IL6-190 TT genotypes were present only in 15.56% and 10.53% respectively in malnourished children. No heterozygous genotypes were found for either gene polymorphism. For the malnourished children, logistic regression analysis showed no significant associations between the IL6-174 and IL6-190 genotypes and the anthropometric measurements, whereas it did show significant associations (P  IL6-174 GC and GG and IL6-190 CC genotypes with the female gender. It was concluded that IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T polymorphisms are not significantly associated with childhood malnutrition or anthropometric measurements.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence of Interleukin-6-174 G/C and Interleukin-6-190 C/T Polymorphisms in Malnourished Children Aged 0-59 Months in Senegal
AU  - Jessika Issa
AU  - Fatimata Mbaye
AU  - Fatou Ly
AU  - Abdallah Diallo
AU  - Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf
AU  - Mbacké Sembène
Y1  - 2023/07/26
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15
T2  - International Journal of Genetics and Genomics
JF  - International Journal of Genetics and Genomics
JO  - International Journal of Genetics and Genomics
SP  - 91
EP  - 96
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7359
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20231103.15
AB  - Malnutrition, which is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age worldwide, especially in developing and middle-income countries, constitutes a problem about which we have only minimal genetic comprehension. Interleukin 6 (IL6), a cytokine that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation as well as balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, is reportedly associated with certain diseases in children, such as malnutrition, asthma, and obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T gene polymorphisms in malnourished children in Senegal. We analyzed polymorphisms IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T in 57 malnourished and 10 healthy children (age 0-59 months), using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Z-score values were obtained using WHO Anthro® version 3.2.2 software. All data were entered into Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using R Studio version 4.2.2 software. Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, genotypic, and allelic frequencies were generated using GenePop version 4.3 software. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the associations of the polymorphisms with malnutrition and anthropometry. The GG genotype was more frequent in the malnourished (84.44%) and healthy children (100%) for the IL6-174 polymorphism; whereas for IL6-190, the CC genotype was present in all healthy children (100%) and 89.47% malnourished children. The IL6-174 CC and IL6-190 TT genotypes were present only in 15.56% and 10.53% respectively in malnourished children. No heterozygous genotypes were found for either gene polymorphism. For the malnourished children, logistic regression analysis showed no significant associations between the IL6-174 and IL6-190 genotypes and the anthropometric measurements, whereas it did show significant associations (P  IL6-174 GC and GG and IL6-190 CC genotypes with the female gender. It was concluded that IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T polymorphisms are not significantly associated with childhood malnutrition or anthropometric measurements.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

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