Determination of Some Heavy Metals from Ground Water Samples Obtained from Selected Motor Parks in Kaduna, Nigeria

Mahmud Mohammed Imam; Fatima Abubakar; Zara Muhammad

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12

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Determination of Some Heavy Metals from Ground Water Samples Obtained from Selected Motor Parks in Kaduna, Nigeria

Mahmud Mohammed Imam, Fatima Abubakar, Zara Muhammad

Published in International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment (Volume 6, Issue 4)

Received: 26 September 2020 Accepted: 12 October 2020 Published: 4 August 2021

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Abstract

This study is aimed at ascertaining the levels of pollution of borehole and well water of selected motor parks in Kaduna, Nigeria. Borehole and well water samples from Abuja junction, Sabo garage, Television garage, Shaba modern market park, Kawo garage, Mando park were collected and analyzed for lead, cobalt, nickel and cadmium using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric technique. Results showed varying concentrations based on location. The results obtained were compared with WHO/NSDWQ standards. Lead was found in excessive levels above the recommended safe limit in the range of 0.04-0.07 mg/l. Nickel and cobalt were within the recommended safe limit in the range of 0.01-0.02 mg/l and 0.002-0.05 mg/l. Cadmium was found in high concentration above safe limits in the range of 0.002-0.012 mg/l. High levels of metals might be associated to the mechanical activities, high vehicle exhaust, municipal waste and other anthropogenic activities within the busy motor parks. The results indicate that most of the samples are contaminated with abnormal levels of lead and cadmium capable of causing health hazards to consumers of the water; this suggests that water found in motor parks require further treatment before consumption.

Published in	International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment (Volume 6, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12
Page(s)	81-85
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ground Water, Heavy Metals, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

References

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[2]	Nath, K., Shyam, S., Singh, D. and Shanna, Y. K. (2008). Effect of Chromium and Tannery Effluent Toxicity on Metabolism and Growth in Cowpea (Vigna Sinesis L. Saviex Hassk) seedling. Research of Environmental Life Sciences 1: 91-94.
[3]	Hawkes, S. J. (1997). “What is a Heavy Metal”? Journal of Chemical Education. 74 (11): 1374 Bibcode: 1997 Journal of Chemical Education. 74…1374H.
[4]	Ahaneku, I. E. and Adeoye, P, A. (2014). Impact of pit latrines on Groundwater Quality of Fokoslum, Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. British Journal of Applied Science and Technology 4: 440-449.
[5]	Sharma, P. and Dubey, R. S. (2005). Lead Toxicity in Plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 17 (1): 35-52.
[6]	Freeze, R. A. and Cherry, J. A. (1999). Groundwater. 2nd edition, Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood, NJ. USA. ISBN-13: 9780133653120, Pages: 604.
[7]	Gupta, N., Gaurau, S. S. and Kumar, A. (2013). Molecular Basis of Aluminum Toxity in Plants. A Review: American Journal of Plant Sciences 4: 21-27.
[8]	ARGOSS. (2001). Guidelines to assessing the risk to groundwater from onsite sanitation. NERC, British Geological Survey Commissioned Report, CR/01/142, UK.
[9]	Rout, G. (2009). Effects of Metals Toxicology on Plant Growth and Metabolism: Zinc. In Licht fouse, Eric; Navarrete.
[10]	EPA, (2005). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. American Public Health Association.
[11]	UNEP/GEMS. (2007). Water Quality Outlook. United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)/Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS), Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
[12]	Yilmaz, E. and Koc, C. (2014). Physically and Chemically Evaluation for the Water Quality Criteria in a Farm on Akcay. Journal of Water Resources and protection. 6: 63-67.
[13]	Shahidullah, S. M., Hakim, M. A., Alam, M. S. and Shamsuddoha, A. T. M. (2000). Assessment of Groundwater Quality in a Selected Area of Bangladesh Park. Journal of Biological Sciences. 3: 246-249.
[14]	Kolo, B. G. and Waziri, M. (2012). Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Borehole Water Samples of Selected Motor Parks in Maiduguri. Journal of Basic and Applied Chemical Sciences 2277-2073.
[15]	Odibia, J. O., Matthew, O. A. and Chrysanthus, A. (2017). Evaluation of the Physiochemical and Heavy Metal Content in Ground Water Sources in Bantayi and Rafin Kada Settlements of Wukari Local Government Area, Taraba State. Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology 183-204.
[16]	Senthill, D. N., Manil, K. R., Sivamurthy, R. S., Sivasankuran, M. A. and Ramesh, R. (2012). Trace Elements in Groundwater of Coastal Aquifiers of Pondicherry Region, India. Journal of Enviroment. 1: 111-118.

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APA Style

Mahmud Mohammed Imam, Fatima Abubakar, Zara Muhammad. (2021). Determination of Some Heavy Metals from Ground Water Samples Obtained from Selected Motor Parks in Kaduna, Nigeria. International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment, 6(4), 81-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12

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ACS Style

Mahmud Mohammed Imam; Fatima Abubakar; Zara Muhammad. Determination of Some Heavy Metals from Ground Water Samples Obtained from Selected Motor Parks in Kaduna, Nigeria. Int. J. Econ. Energy Environ. 2021, 6(4), 81-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12

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AMA Style

Mahmud Mohammed Imam, Fatima Abubakar, Zara Muhammad. Determination of Some Heavy Metals from Ground Water Samples Obtained from Selected Motor Parks in Kaduna, Nigeria. Int J Econ Energy Environ. 2021;6(4):81-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12,
  author = {Mahmud Mohammed Imam and Fatima Abubakar and Zara Muhammad},
  title = {Determination of Some Heavy Metals from Ground Water Samples Obtained from Selected Motor Parks in Kaduna, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {81-85},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijeee.20210604.12},
  abstract = {This study is aimed at ascertaining the levels of pollution of borehole and well water of selected motor parks in Kaduna, Nigeria. Borehole and well water samples from Abuja junction, Sabo garage, Television garage, Shaba modern market park, Kawo garage, Mando park were collected and analyzed for lead, cobalt, nickel and cadmium using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric technique. Results showed varying concentrations based on location. The results obtained were compared with WHO/NSDWQ standards. Lead was found in excessive levels above the recommended safe limit in the range of 0.04-0.07 mg/l. Nickel and cobalt were within the recommended safe limit in the range of 0.01-0.02 mg/l and 0.002-0.05 mg/l. Cadmium was found in high concentration above safe limits in the range of 0.002-0.012 mg/l. High levels of metals might be associated to the mechanical activities, high vehicle exhaust, municipal waste and other anthropogenic activities within the busy motor parks. The results indicate that most of the samples are contaminated with abnormal levels of lead and cadmium capable of causing health hazards to consumers of the water; this suggests that water found in motor parks require further treatment before consumption.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Some Heavy Metals from Ground Water Samples Obtained from Selected Motor Parks in Kaduna, Nigeria
AU  - Mahmud Mohammed Imam
AU  - Fatima Abubakar
AU  - Zara Muhammad
Y1  - 2021/08/04
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12
T2  - International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment
JF  - International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment
JO  - International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment
SP  - 81
EP  - 85
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5021
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12
AB  - This study is aimed at ascertaining the levels of pollution of borehole and well water of selected motor parks in Kaduna, Nigeria. Borehole and well water samples from Abuja junction, Sabo garage, Television garage, Shaba modern market park, Kawo garage, Mando park were collected and analyzed for lead, cobalt, nickel and cadmium using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric technique. Results showed varying concentrations based on location. The results obtained were compared with WHO/NSDWQ standards. Lead was found in excessive levels above the recommended safe limit in the range of 0.04-0.07 mg/l. Nickel and cobalt were within the recommended safe limit in the range of 0.01-0.02 mg/l and 0.002-0.05 mg/l. Cadmium was found in high concentration above safe limits in the range of 0.002-0.012 mg/l. High levels of metals might be associated to the mechanical activities, high vehicle exhaust, municipal waste and other anthropogenic activities within the busy motor parks. The results indicate that most of the samples are contaminated with abnormal levels of lead and cadmium capable of causing health hazards to consumers of the water; this suggests that water found in motor parks require further treatment before consumption.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Mahmud Mohammed Imam

Department of Applied Chemistry, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria
Fatima Abubakar

Department of Applied Chemistry, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria
Zara Muhammad

Department of Applied Chemistry, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria

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APA Style

Mahmud Mohammed Imam, Fatima Abubakar, Zara Muhammad. (2021). Determination of Some Heavy Metals from Ground Water Samples Obtained from Selected Motor Parks in Kaduna, Nigeria. International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment, 6(4), 81-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12

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ACS Style

Mahmud Mohammed Imam; Fatima Abubakar; Zara Muhammad. Determination of Some Heavy Metals from Ground Water Samples Obtained from Selected Motor Parks in Kaduna, Nigeria. Int. J. Econ. Energy Environ. 2021, 6(4), 81-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12

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AMA Style

Mahmud Mohammed Imam, Fatima Abubakar, Zara Muhammad. Determination of Some Heavy Metals from Ground Water Samples Obtained from Selected Motor Parks in Kaduna, Nigeria. Int J Econ Energy Environ. 2021;6(4):81-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12,
  author = {Mahmud Mohammed Imam and Fatima Abubakar and Zara Muhammad},
  title = {Determination of Some Heavy Metals from Ground Water Samples Obtained from Selected Motor Parks in Kaduna, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {81-85},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijeee.20210604.12},
  abstract = {This study is aimed at ascertaining the levels of pollution of borehole and well water of selected motor parks in Kaduna, Nigeria. Borehole and well water samples from Abuja junction, Sabo garage, Television garage, Shaba modern market park, Kawo garage, Mando park were collected and analyzed for lead, cobalt, nickel and cadmium using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric technique. Results showed varying concentrations based on location. The results obtained were compared with WHO/NSDWQ standards. Lead was found in excessive levels above the recommended safe limit in the range of 0.04-0.07 mg/l. Nickel and cobalt were within the recommended safe limit in the range of 0.01-0.02 mg/l and 0.002-0.05 mg/l. Cadmium was found in high concentration above safe limits in the range of 0.002-0.012 mg/l. High levels of metals might be associated to the mechanical activities, high vehicle exhaust, municipal waste and other anthropogenic activities within the busy motor parks. The results indicate that most of the samples are contaminated with abnormal levels of lead and cadmium capable of causing health hazards to consumers of the water; this suggests that water found in motor parks require further treatment before consumption.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Some Heavy Metals from Ground Water Samples Obtained from Selected Motor Parks in Kaduna, Nigeria
AU  - Mahmud Mohammed Imam
AU  - Fatima Abubakar
AU  - Zara Muhammad
Y1  - 2021/08/04
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12
T2  - International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment
JF  - International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment
JO  - International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment
SP  - 81
EP  - 85
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5021
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210604.12
AB  - This study is aimed at ascertaining the levels of pollution of borehole and well water of selected motor parks in Kaduna, Nigeria. Borehole and well water samples from Abuja junction, Sabo garage, Television garage, Shaba modern market park, Kawo garage, Mando park were collected and analyzed for lead, cobalt, nickel and cadmium using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric technique. Results showed varying concentrations based on location. The results obtained were compared with WHO/NSDWQ standards. Lead was found in excessive levels above the recommended safe limit in the range of 0.04-0.07 mg/l. Nickel and cobalt were within the recommended safe limit in the range of 0.01-0.02 mg/l and 0.002-0.05 mg/l. Cadmium was found in high concentration above safe limits in the range of 0.002-0.012 mg/l. High levels of metals might be associated to the mechanical activities, high vehicle exhaust, municipal waste and other anthropogenic activities within the busy motor parks. The results indicate that most of the samples are contaminated with abnormal levels of lead and cadmium capable of causing health hazards to consumers of the water; this suggests that water found in motor parks require further treatment before consumption.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

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