Background: Chest trauma is a public health problem because it is a major contributor to the burden of trauma-related morbidity and mortality. Low and middle-income countries (LMICs) account for 90% of these poor outcomes, which dominantly affect the younger age groups and men. Blunt chest trauma and road traffic accidents are the main type and mechanism of injury respectively. We aimed to describe the changing epidemiology of chest trauma in terms of the demographic characteristics of patients, mechanism and pattern of injuries, treatment and outcomes over a 10-year period. Method: This is a retrospective descriptive study of all patients who required hospitalization following trauma and were managed for chest trauma by the cardiothoracic surgery Unit of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 202. Results: A total of 287 patients were managed for chest trauma over this period. The mean age was 36.02 ± 15.64 years, with a male:female ratio of 8.6:1. There was a significant increase in the yearly number of cases in the later 3 years (2018 - 2021) compared to the first 7 years (p < 0.0001), and more males were affected within this period (p < 0.0001). Overall, blunt chest injury and road traffic accidents were the commonest mechanism and aetiology of injury respectively however penetrating chest injury from gunshot has superseded blunt chest injuries as the predominant mechanism and aetiology respectively in the last 3 years. Pleural space collections (haemopneumothorax, haemothorax and pneumothorax), rib fractures and pulmonary contusion were the commonest injury patterns and 24.04% had extrathoracic injuries which were significantly associated with mortality (p < 0.000). The majority of patients were managed conservatively or with tube thoracostomy. Only 12.5% required surgery and diaphragmatic injury was the commonest indication. The mortality rate was 9.1%. Conclusion: Chest trauma in Sokoto is predominantly a disease of young and middle-aged men. The rising incidence is mainly due to increasing cases of penetrating chest trauma from a gunshot in the last 3 years. This period also coincides with the increasing proliferation of small arms and light weapons in the region.
| Published in | International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery (Volume 8, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijcts.20220804.12 |
| Page(s) | 42-48 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Chest Trauma, Blunt Chest Injuries, Penetrating Chest Injuries, Epidemiology, Gunshot Injuries
| [1] | Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet (London, England) 2012; 380 (9859): 2095–128. |
| [2] | Norton R, Kobusingye O. Injuries. N Engl J Med 2013; 368 (18): 1723–30. |
| [3] | (WHO) WHO. Injuries and Violence [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/injuries-and-violence |
| [4] | Ludwig C, Koryllos A. Management of chest trauma. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9 (Suppl 3): S172–7. |
| [5] | Bernardin B, Troquet J-M. Initial management and resuscitation of severe chest trauma. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2012; 30 (2): 377–400, viii-ix. |
| [6] | Osime OC, Ighedosa SU, Oludiran OO, Iribhogbe PE, Ehikhamenor E, Elusoji SO. Patterns of Trauma Deaths in an Accident and Emergency Unit. Prehosp Disaster Med [Internet] 2007; 22 (1): 75–8. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/patterns-of-trauma-deaths-in-an-accident-and-emergency-unit/4CDDF6E6826F456661DB7F4BF5D0CFC5 |
| [7] | Okugbo S, Okoro E, Irhibogbe P. Chest trauma in a regional tRAUMA centRE. J West African Coll Surg 2012; 2 (2): 91–101. |
| [8] | Baru A, Weldegiorgis E, Zewdu T, Hussien H. Characteristics and outcome of traumatic chest injury patients visited a specialized hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A one-year retrospective study. Chinese J Traumatol = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi 2020; 23 (3): 139–44. |
| [9] | Mazcuri M, Ahmad T, Abid A, Thapaliya P, Ali M, Ali N. Pattern and Outcome of Thoracic Injuries in a Busy Tertiary Care Unit. Cureus 2020; 12 (10): e11181. |
| [10] | Narayanan R, Kumar S, Gupta A, Bansal VK, Sagar S, Singhal M, et al. An Analysis of Presentation, Pattern and Outcome of Chest Trauma Patients at an Urban Level 1 Trauma Center. Indian J Surg [Internet] 2018; 80 (1): 36–41. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-016-1554-2 |
| [11] | Orlas CP, Herrera-Escobar JP, Zogg CK, Serna JJ, Meléndez JJ, Gómez A, et al. Chest Trauma Outcomes: Public Versus Private Level I Trauma Centers. World J Surg 2020; 44 (6): 1824–34. |
| [12] | Haines KL, Zens T, Beems M, Rauh R, Jung HS, Agarwal S. Socioeconomic disparities in the thoracic trauma population. J Surg Res 2018; 224: 160–5. |
| [13] | LoCicero J 3rd, Mattox KL. Epidemiology of chest trauma. Surg Clin North Am 1989; 69 (1): 15–9. |
| [14] | Søreide K. Epidemiology of major trauma. Br J Surg 2009; 96 (7): 697–8. |
| [15] | Kerr-Valentic MA, Arthur M, Mullins RJ, Pearson TE, Mayberry JC. Rib fracture pain and disability: can we do better? J Trauma 2003; 54 (6): 1054–8. |
| [16] | Peter S, Ozoilo K, Isichei M, Ale F, Njem J, Ojo E, et al. Severe Chest Injury Revisited - An Analysis of the Jos University Teaching Hospital Trauma Registry. Niger J Clin Pract 2021; 24 (8): 1247–51. |
| [17] | Lema MK, Chalya PL, Mabula JB, Mahalu W. Pattern and outcome of chest injuries at Bugando Medical Centre in northwestern Tanzania. J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 6: 7. |
| [18] | Al-Koudmani I, Darwish B, Al-Kateb K, Taifour Y. Chest trauma experience over eleven-year period at al-mouassat university teaching hospital-Damascus: a retrospective review of 888 cases. J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 7: 35. |
| [19] | Edaigbini S, Delia I, Aminu M, Shehu H. Profile of chest trauma in Zaria Nigeria: A preliminary report. Niger J Surg [Internet] 2011; 17 (1): 1–4. Available from: https://www.nigerianjsurg.com/article.asp?issn=1117-6806 |
| [20] | Hinshaw D. Nigerian Violence Spawns Homemade Responses [Internet]. Wall Str. J. Available from: https://www.wsj.com/articles/nigerian-violence-spawns-homemade-responses-1403725272 |
| [21] | Ibrahim A. Contextualizing the proliferation of small arms and light weapons in Nigeria: the untold story. Int J Bus Law Res 2015; 3 (1): 1–14. |
| [22] | Lar JT. Violence and Insecurity in Northwest Nigeria: Exploring the Role and Resilience of Local Actors. African Confl Peacebuilding Rev [Internet] 2019; 9 (2): 123–42. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.9.2.07 |
| [23] | Yimam AE, Mustofa SY, Gebregzi AH, Aytolign HA. Mortality rate and factors associated with death in traumatic chest injury patients: A retrospective study. Int J Surg Open [Internet] 2021; 37: 100420. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240585722100111X |
| [24] | Nwiloh J, Edaigbini S, Danbauchi S, Aminu MB, Oyati A. Arrow injury to the heart. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 90 (1): 287–9. |
| [25] | Aliyu I, Inuwa I. Arrow in the heart: Our experience. Niger J Cardiol [Internet] 2014; 11 (1): 54. Available from: https://www.nigjcardiol.org/article.asp?issn=0189-7969 |
| [26] | Mishra B, Gupta A, Sagar S, Singhal M, Kumar S. Traumatic cardiac injury: Experience from a level-1 trauma centre. Chinese J Traumatol [Internet] 2016; 19 (6): 333–6. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1008127516302644 |
| [27] | Shoar S, Hosseini FS, Naderan M, Khavandi S, Tabibzadeh E, Khavandi S, et al. Cardiac injury following blunt chest trauma: diagnosis, management, and uncertainty. Int J Burns Trauma 2021; 11 (2): 80–9. |
| [28] | Ekpe EE, Eyo C. Determinants of mortality in chest trauma patients. Niger J SurgOff Publ Niger Surg ResSoc 2014; 20 (1): 30–4. |
| [29] | O’Connor J V, Adamski J. The diagnosis and treatment of non-cardiac thoracic trauma. J R Army Med Corps 2010; 156 (1): 5–14. |
| [30] | Chrysou K, Halat G, Hoksch B, Schmid RA, Kocher GJ. Lessons from a large trauma centre: impact of blunt chest trauma in polytrauma patients-still a relevant problem? Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2017; 25 (1): 42. |
| [31] | Onakpoya U, Ogunrombi A, Owotade F, Oyenusi A, Ibrahim M. Predictors of death from chest trauma in a resource-poor community in Southwestern Nigeria. Sahel Med J [Internet] 2010; 13 (3): 135–40. Available from: https://www.smjonline.org/article.asp?issn=1118-8561 |
| [32] | Barea-Mendoza JA, Chico-Fernández M, Quintana-Díaz M, Pérez-Bárcena J, Serviá-Goixart L, Molina-Díaz I, et al. Risk Factors Associated with Mortality in Severe Chest Trauma Patients Admitted tothe ICU. J Clin Med 2022; 11 (1). |
| [33] | Beshay M, Mertzlufft F, Kottkamp HW, Reymond M, Schmid RA, Branscheid D, et al. Analysis of risk factors in thoracic trauma patients with a comparison of a modern trauma centre: a mono-centre study. World J Emerg Surg [Internet] 2020; 15 (1): 45. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-020-00324-1 |
| [34] | Demirhan R, Onan B, Oz K, Halezeroglu S. Comprehensive analysis of 4205 patients with chest trauma: a 10-year experience. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg [Internet] 2009; 9 (3): 450–3. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1510/icvts.2009.206599 |
APA Style
Ukwuani Solomon Ifeanyi, Salisu Ismail, Ray Bayo, Maishanu Moyijo, Isah Abdullahi, et al. (2022). The Changing Pattern of Chest Trauma in Sokoto: A 10-Year Institutional Review. International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, 8(4), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcts.20220804.12
ACS Style
Ukwuani Solomon Ifeanyi; Salisu Ismail; Ray Bayo; Maishanu Moyijo; Isah Abdullahi, et al. The Changing Pattern of Chest Trauma in Sokoto: A 10-Year Institutional Review. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. 2022, 8(4), 42-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcts.20220804.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijcts.20220804.12,
author = {Ukwuani Solomon Ifeanyi and Salisu Ismail and Ray Bayo and Maishanu Moyijo and Isah Abdullahi and Abdullahi Abdulkarim Aitek and Abdulrahman Aliyu and Galadima Ibrahim and Abubakar Umar},
title = {The Changing Pattern of Chest Trauma in Sokoto: A 10-Year Institutional Review},
journal = {International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {42-48},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijcts.20220804.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcts.20220804.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcts.20220804.12},
abstract = {Background: Chest trauma is a public health problem because it is a major contributor to the burden of trauma-related morbidity and mortality. Low and middle-income countries (LMICs) account for 90% of these poor outcomes, which dominantly affect the younger age groups and men. Blunt chest trauma and road traffic accidents are the main type and mechanism of injury respectively. We aimed to describe the changing epidemiology of chest trauma in terms of the demographic characteristics of patients, mechanism and pattern of injuries, treatment and outcomes over a 10-year period. Method: This is a retrospective descriptive study of all patients who required hospitalization following trauma and were managed for chest trauma by the cardiothoracic surgery Unit of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 202. Results: A total of 287 patients were managed for chest trauma over this period. The mean age was 36.02 ± 15.64 years, with a male:female ratio of 8.6:1. There was a significant increase in the yearly number of cases in the later 3 years (2018 - 2021) compared to the first 7 years (p Conclusion: Chest trauma in Sokoto is predominantly a disease of young and middle-aged men. The rising incidence is mainly due to increasing cases of penetrating chest trauma from a gunshot in the last 3 years. This period also coincides with the increasing proliferation of small arms and light weapons in the region.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - The Changing Pattern of Chest Trauma in Sokoto: A 10-Year Institutional Review AU - Ukwuani Solomon Ifeanyi AU - Salisu Ismail AU - Ray Bayo AU - Maishanu Moyijo AU - Isah Abdullahi AU - Abdullahi Abdulkarim Aitek AU - Abdulrahman Aliyu AU - Galadima Ibrahim AU - Abubakar Umar Y1 - 2022/07/28 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcts.20220804.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ijcts.20220804.12 T2 - International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery JF - International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery JO - International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery SP - 42 EP - 48 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-4882 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcts.20220804.12 AB - Background: Chest trauma is a public health problem because it is a major contributor to the burden of trauma-related morbidity and mortality. Low and middle-income countries (LMICs) account for 90% of these poor outcomes, which dominantly affect the younger age groups and men. Blunt chest trauma and road traffic accidents are the main type and mechanism of injury respectively. We aimed to describe the changing epidemiology of chest trauma in terms of the demographic characteristics of patients, mechanism and pattern of injuries, treatment and outcomes over a 10-year period. Method: This is a retrospective descriptive study of all patients who required hospitalization following trauma and were managed for chest trauma by the cardiothoracic surgery Unit of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 202. Results: A total of 287 patients were managed for chest trauma over this period. The mean age was 36.02 ± 15.64 years, with a male:female ratio of 8.6:1. There was a significant increase in the yearly number of cases in the later 3 years (2018 - 2021) compared to the first 7 years (p Conclusion: Chest trauma in Sokoto is predominantly a disease of young and middle-aged men. The rising incidence is mainly due to increasing cases of penetrating chest trauma from a gunshot in the last 3 years. This period also coincides with the increasing proliferation of small arms and light weapons in the region. VL - 8 IS - 4 ER -
Information
Email: