Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan

Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman; Shingray Osman Hashim; Mohammed Abdall Musa; Omer Mohammed Tahir

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15

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Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan

Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman, Shingray Osman Hashim, Mohammed Abdall Musa, Omer Mohammed Tahir

Published in International Journal of Chinese Medicine (Volume 1, Issue 4)

Received: 22 November 2017 Accepted: 4 December 2017 Published: 3 January 2018

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Abstract

In this review, we show that contaminated money and coins are a public health risk when associated with the simultaneous handling of food, and currency may spread nosocomial infections. The currency circulating in different parts of the world could serve as a vehicle for transmission of drug resistant pathogenic or potential organisms and contamination could be due to currency usage and handling as mint notes were not contaminated. Cotton-based banknotes provide a fibrous surface, which provides ample opportunity for bacterial attachment Therefore, hygienic measures such as thorough hand washing with soap after using currency notes and ATM machine should be observed and the practice of keeping money in shoes and socks and under the carpets should be discouraged. Further, we should avoid the use of saliva during counting of currency notes as well as desist from placing money in the mouth and biting off corners of currency notes. Moreover, ready-to- eat food sellers should be educated to avoid possible cross contamination between currency notes and the food they sell. The most common isolated bacteria were bacillus. klebsellia. E. coli. Staph. aureus,. pseudmonus, Streto. fecales. Enterobacter, Macrococus. This study showed that the most contaminated bill denomination were those of low denomination (1,2 SDG). Notes obtained from Cafeterias and Drivers showed the highest rate of bacterial contamination.

Published in	International Journal of Chinese Medicine (Volume 1, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15
Page(s)	132-136
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bacillus, Klebsellia, E. coli, Staph Aureus, Pseudmonus, Streto Fecales, Enterobacter

References

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APA Style

Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman, Shingray Osman Hashim, Mohammed Abdall Musa, Omer Mohammed Tahir. (2018). Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan. International Journal of Chinese Medicine, 1(4), 132-136. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15

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ACS Style

Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman; Shingray Osman Hashim; Mohammed Abdall Musa; Omer Mohammed Tahir. Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan. Int. J. Chin. Med. 2018, 1(4), 132-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15

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AMA Style

Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman, Shingray Osman Hashim, Mohammed Abdall Musa, Omer Mohammed Tahir. Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan. Int J Chin Med. 2018;1(4):132-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15,
  author = {Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman and Shingray Osman Hashim and Mohammed Abdall Musa and Omer Mohammed Tahir},
  title = {Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan},
  journal = {International Journal of Chinese Medicine},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {132-136},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcm.20170104.15},
  abstract = {In this review, we show that contaminated money and coins are a public health risk when associated with the simultaneous handling of food, and currency may spread nosocomial infections. The currency circulating in different parts of the world could serve as a vehicle for transmission of drug resistant pathogenic or potential organisms and contamination could be due to currency usage and handling as mint notes were not contaminated. Cotton-based banknotes provide a fibrous surface, which provides ample opportunity for bacterial attachment Therefore, hygienic measures such as thorough hand washing with soap after using currency notes and ATM machine should be observed and the practice of keeping money in shoes and socks and under the carpets should be discouraged. Further, we should avoid the use of saliva during counting of currency notes as well as desist from placing money in the mouth and biting off corners of currency notes. Moreover, ready-to- eat food sellers should be educated to avoid possible cross contamination between currency notes and the food they sell. The most common isolated bacteria were bacillus. klebsellia. E. coli. Staph. aureus,. pseudmonus, Streto. fecales. Enterobacter, Macrococus. This study showed that the most contaminated bill denomination were those of low denomination (1,2 SDG). Notes obtained from Cafeterias and Drivers showed the highest rate of bacterial contamination.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan
AU - Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman
AU - Shingray Osman Hashim
AU - Mohammed Abdall Musa
AU - Omer Mohammed Tahir
Y1 - 2018/01/03
PY - 2018
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15
DO - 10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15
T2 - International Journal of Chinese Medicine
JF - International Journal of Chinese Medicine
JO - International Journal of Chinese Medicine
SP - 132
EP - 136
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2578-9473
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15
AB - In this review, we show that contaminated money and coins are a public health risk when associated with the simultaneous handling of food, and currency may spread nosocomial infections. The currency circulating in different parts of the world could serve as a vehicle for transmission of drug resistant pathogenic or potential organisms and contamination could be due to currency usage and handling as mint notes were not contaminated. Cotton-based banknotes provide a fibrous surface, which provides ample opportunity for bacterial attachment Therefore, hygienic measures such as thorough hand washing with soap after using currency notes and ATM machine should be observed and the practice of keeping money in shoes and socks and under the carpets should be discouraged. Further, we should avoid the use of saliva during counting of currency notes as well as desist from placing money in the mouth and biting off corners of currency notes. Moreover, ready-to- eat food sellers should be educated to avoid possible cross contamination between currency notes and the food they sell. The most common isolated bacteria were bacillus. klebsellia. E. coli. Staph. aureus,. pseudmonus, Streto. fecales. Enterobacter, Macrococus. This study showed that the most contaminated bill denomination were those of low denomination (1,2 SDG). Notes obtained from Cafeterias and Drivers showed the highest rate of bacterial contamination.
VL - 1
IS - 4
ER -

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Author Information

Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman

Medical Laboratory Sciences Division, Port Sudan Ahlia College, Port Sudan, Sudan
Shingray Osman Hashim

Medical Laboratory Sciences Division, Port Sudan Ahlia College, Port Sudan, Sudan
Mohammed Abdall Musa

Medical Laboratory Sciences Division, Port Sudan Ahlia College, Port Sudan, Sudan
Omer Mohammed Tahir

Medical Laboratory Sciences Division, Port Sudan Ahlia College, Port Sudan, Sudan

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APA Style

Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman, Shingray Osman Hashim, Mohammed Abdall Musa, Omer Mohammed Tahir. (2018). Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan. International Journal of Chinese Medicine, 1(4), 132-136. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15

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ACS Style

Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman; Shingray Osman Hashim; Mohammed Abdall Musa; Omer Mohammed Tahir. Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan. Int. J. Chin. Med. 2018, 1(4), 132-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15

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AMA Style

Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman, Shingray Osman Hashim, Mohammed Abdall Musa, Omer Mohammed Tahir. Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan. Int J Chin Med. 2018;1(4):132-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15,
  author = {Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman and Shingray Osman Hashim and Mohammed Abdall Musa and Omer Mohammed Tahir},
  title = {Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan},
  journal = {International Journal of Chinese Medicine},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {132-136},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcm.20170104.15},
  abstract = {In this review, we show that contaminated money and coins are a public health risk when associated with the simultaneous handling of food, and currency may spread nosocomial infections. The currency circulating in different parts of the world could serve as a vehicle for transmission of drug resistant pathogenic or potential organisms and contamination could be due to currency usage and handling as mint notes were not contaminated. Cotton-based banknotes provide a fibrous surface, which provides ample opportunity for bacterial attachment Therefore, hygienic measures such as thorough hand washing with soap after using currency notes and ATM machine should be observed and the practice of keeping money in shoes and socks and under the carpets should be discouraged. Further, we should avoid the use of saliva during counting of currency notes as well as desist from placing money in the mouth and biting off corners of currency notes. Moreover, ready-to- eat food sellers should be educated to avoid possible cross contamination between currency notes and the food they sell. The most common isolated bacteria were bacillus. klebsellia. E. coli. Staph. aureus,. pseudmonus, Streto. fecales. Enterobacter, Macrococus. This study showed that the most contaminated bill denomination were those of low denomination (1,2 SDG). Notes obtained from Cafeterias and Drivers showed the highest rate of bacterial contamination.},
 year = {2018}
}

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