Effects of the Combination of Rice By-Products (Fermented Straw and Bran) and Legumes (<i>Leucaena and Gliricidia</i> Leaves) on the Growth Rate of Male Bali Cattle

Carlito de Araújo Mali Code; Graciano Soares Gomes; Alberto Agostinho Pereira da Costa Joao

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12

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Effects of the Combination of Rice By-Products (Fermented Straw and Bran) and Legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia Leaves) on the Growth Rate of Male Bali Cattle

Carlito de Araújo Mali Code, Graciano Soares Gomes, Alberto Agostinho Pereira da Costa Joao

Published in International Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Volume 5, Issue 2)

Received: 25 April 2021 Accepted: 20 May 2021 Published: 27 May 2021

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Abstract

To increase the quality of dry rice straw and meet the needs of nutritional requirement for livestock, availability and technology should be considered to come up with an improve that is easy and inexpensive feeding material. The research aims to find out the effects of the combination of rice by-products (dry fermented straw and bran) with legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia leaves) in increasing the growth of Bali cattle. This research was conducted at the Maliana Administrative, Bobonaro Municipality, from August 28, 2019 to November 17, 2019. In this research, five (5) male and growing beef cattle were used. This research method used the experimental method with Latin Square Design consisting of five treatments and five replications. The feed combinations or treatments used for beef cattle ration formulations, were: T1 is composed of 40% fermented rice straw, 20% rice bran, 10% Gliricidia and 30% Leucaena; T2 is composed of 55% fermented rice straw, 10% rice bran, 20% Gliricyda and 15% leucaena; T3 is composed of 50% fermented rice straw, 5% rice bran; 35% Gliricyda, and 15% leucaena; T4 is composed of 45% fermented rice straw, 15% rice, 30% Gliricyda, and 10% leucaena; T5 is composed of 30% fermented rice straw, 25% rice, 5% Gliricyda, and 40% leucaena. The variables observed were feed intake (kg), feed conversion and animal body weight (kg). Data analysis show that no significant effect (P> 0.05) on ration consumption but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight gain and feed conversion of all experimental beef cattle used in the study. The result of comparison of mean show that the treatment T3 can accelerate growth and improve feed conversion of male beef cattle in their growth phase.

Published in	International Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12
Page(s)	38-41
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Beef Cattle, Rice Straw, Fermentation, Leguminous Leaves

References

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[2]	Adiwimarta, K. I. S. (2012). Measuring the Quality of Feed for Cattle. Citra Aji Parama, Yogyakarta. Indonesia.
[3]	Aquino, D., Del Barrio, A., Xuan Trach, N., Thanh Hai, N., Nguyen Khang, D., Tat Toan, N. and Van Hung, N. (2020). Chapter 7. Rice Straw-Based Fodder for Ruminants in M. Gummert et al. (eds.), Sustainable Rice Straw Management, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32373-8-7.
[4]	Church, D. C. (1999). Factors Affecting Feed Consumption In: D. C. Church. Livestock Feed and Feeding. Durham and Dawney. Inc. pp. 136-139.
[5]	Mcllroy, R. J. (1977). Introduction to Tropical Grassland Cultivation. Prandya Paramita Jakarta.
[6]	Rusdy, M., Baba, S., Garantjang, S., and Syarif, I. (2019). Effects of supplementation with Gliricidia sepium leaves on performance of Bali cattle fed elephant grass. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 31. Article #84. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd31/6/muhru31084.html.
[7]	Sarwono, B. Dan and Hario, B. A. (2001). Beef Cattle Fattening Quickly. P. T. Penebar, Swadaya. Jakarta.
[8]	Santoso, S. (2018). Mastering Statistics with SPSS Version 25. Case Study. All in One. A practical and fast way to master statistics in the era of information technology. Publisher PT Media Komputindo. Kompas Gramedia. Jakarta, Indonesia (In Indonesia).
[9]	Sonjaya (2012). Basic Animal Physiology. Bogor Agricultural Institute (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia.
[10]	Soewardi, B. (1974). Nutrition of Ruminants. Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institute of Agriculture Bogor. Bogor. (In Indonesia).
[11]	Sugeng, Y. B. (2005) Beef Cattle. Publisher: Penebar Swadaya Jakarta, Indonesia.
[12]	Sunarso, (2003). Feed Integration in the System Integration of Livestock- Agriculture (Inauguration Speech for University. Professors Diponeg-goro 10 September 2003). The University Diponeggoro Semarang Publisher. Semarang. (In Indonesia).
[13]	Sutrisno, C, I. (2001). Integration of Engineering Technology and its Implementation. Journal of Tropical Livestock Development. Special Edition: KS 1-9.
[14]	Utomo, R. (2004). Review of the Results of Research on Beef Cattle Feed. Wartozoa, 14 (3): 116-124.
[15]	Zakaria, Y. Novita, C. I. & Samadi, S. (2013). Effectiveness of Fermentation with Different Substrate Sources on the Quality of Rice Straw. Journal of Agrpet, 13 (1) 22. https://doi.org./10.17969/Agripet.V13.i1.548.

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Carlito de Araújo Mali Code, Graciano Soares Gomes, Alberto Agostinho Pereira da Costa Joao. (2021). Effects of the Combination of Rice By-Products (Fermented Straw and Bran) and Legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia Leaves) on the Growth Rate of Male Bali Cattle. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 5(2), 38-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12

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Carlito de Araújo Mali Code; Graciano Soares Gomes; Alberto Agostinho Pereira da Costa Joao. Effects of the Combination of Rice By-Products (Fermented Straw and Bran) and Legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia Leaves) on the Growth Rate of Male Bali Cattle. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 2021, 5(2), 38-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12

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Carlito de Araújo Mali Code, Graciano Soares Gomes, Alberto Agostinho Pereira da Costa Joao. Effects of the Combination of Rice By-Products (Fermented Straw and Bran) and Legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia Leaves) on the Growth Rate of Male Bali Cattle. Int J Anim Sci Technol. 2021;5(2):38-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12,
  author = {Carlito de Araújo Mali Code and Graciano Soares Gomes and Alberto Agostinho Pereira da Costa Joao},
  title = {Effects of the Combination of Rice By-Products (Fermented Straw and Bran) and Legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia Leaves) on the Growth Rate of Male Bali Cattle},
  journal = {International Journal of Animal Science and Technology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {38-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijast.20210502.12},
  abstract = {To increase the quality of dry rice straw and meet the needs of nutritional requirement for livestock, availability and technology should be considered to come up with an improve that is easy and inexpensive feeding material. The research aims to find out the effects of the combination of rice by-products (dry fermented straw and bran) with legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia leaves) in increasing the growth of Bali cattle. This research was conducted at the Maliana Administrative, Bobonaro Municipality, from August 28, 2019 to November 17, 2019. In this research, five (5) male and growing beef cattle were used. This research method used the experimental method with Latin Square Design consisting of five treatments and five replications. The feed combinations or treatments used for beef cattle ration formulations, were: T1 is composed of 40% fermented rice straw, 20% rice bran, 10% Gliricidia and 30% Leucaena; T2 is composed of 55% fermented rice straw, 10% rice bran, 20% Gliricyda and 15% leucaena; T3 is composed of 50% fermented rice straw, 5% rice bran; 35% Gliricyda, and 15% leucaena; T4 is composed of 45% fermented rice straw, 15% rice, 30% Gliricyda, and 10% leucaena; T5 is composed of 30% fermented rice straw, 25% rice, 5% Gliricyda, and 40% leucaena. The variables observed were feed intake (kg), feed conversion and animal body weight (kg). Data analysis show that no significant effect (P> 0.05) on ration consumption but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight gain and feed conversion of all experimental beef cattle used in the study. The result of comparison of mean show that the treatment T3 can accelerate growth and improve feed conversion of male beef cattle in their growth phase.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of the Combination of Rice By-Products (Fermented Straw and Bran) and Legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia Leaves) on the Growth Rate of Male Bali Cattle
AU  - Carlito de Araújo Mali Code
AU  - Graciano Soares Gomes
AU  - Alberto Agostinho Pereira da Costa Joao
Y1  - 2021/05/27
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12
T2  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
SP  - 38
EP  - 41
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1312
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12
AB  - To increase the quality of dry rice straw and meet the needs of nutritional requirement for livestock, availability and technology should be considered to come up with an improve that is easy and inexpensive feeding material. The research aims to find out the effects of the combination of rice by-products (dry fermented straw and bran) with legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia leaves) in increasing the growth of Bali cattle. This research was conducted at the Maliana Administrative, Bobonaro Municipality, from August 28, 2019 to November 17, 2019. In this research, five (5) male and growing beef cattle were used. This research method used the experimental method with Latin Square Design consisting of five treatments and five replications. The feed combinations or treatments used for beef cattle ration formulations, were: T1 is composed of 40% fermented rice straw, 20% rice bran, 10% Gliricidia and 30% Leucaena; T2 is composed of 55% fermented rice straw, 10% rice bran, 20% Gliricyda and 15% leucaena; T3 is composed of 50% fermented rice straw, 5% rice bran; 35% Gliricyda, and 15% leucaena; T4 is composed of 45% fermented rice straw, 15% rice, 30% Gliricyda, and 10% leucaena; T5 is composed of 30% fermented rice straw, 25% rice, 5% Gliricyda, and 40% leucaena. The variables observed were feed intake (kg), feed conversion and animal body weight (kg). Data analysis show that no significant effect (P> 0.05) on ration consumption but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight gain and feed conversion of all experimental beef cattle used in the study. The result of comparison of mean show that the treatment T3 can accelerate growth and improve feed conversion of male beef cattle in their growth phase.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Carlito de Araújo Mali Code

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Timor Lorosa’e, Dili, East Timor
Graciano Soares Gomes

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Timor Lorosa’e, Dili, East Timor
Alberto Agostinho Pereira da Costa Joao

Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Timor Lorosa’e, Dili, East Timor

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Carlito de Araújo Mali Code, Graciano Soares Gomes, Alberto Agostinho Pereira da Costa Joao. (2021). Effects of the Combination of Rice By-Products (Fermented Straw and Bran) and Legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia Leaves) on the Growth Rate of Male Bali Cattle. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 5(2), 38-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12

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ACS Style

Carlito de Araújo Mali Code; Graciano Soares Gomes; Alberto Agostinho Pereira da Costa Joao. Effects of the Combination of Rice By-Products (Fermented Straw and Bran) and Legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia Leaves) on the Growth Rate of Male Bali Cattle. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 2021, 5(2), 38-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12

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AMA Style

Carlito de Araújo Mali Code, Graciano Soares Gomes, Alberto Agostinho Pereira da Costa Joao. Effects of the Combination of Rice By-Products (Fermented Straw and Bran) and Legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia Leaves) on the Growth Rate of Male Bali Cattle. Int J Anim Sci Technol. 2021;5(2):38-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12,
  author = {Carlito de Araújo Mali Code and Graciano Soares Gomes and Alberto Agostinho Pereira da Costa Joao},
  title = {Effects of the Combination of Rice By-Products (Fermented Straw and Bran) and Legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia Leaves) on the Growth Rate of Male Bali Cattle},
  journal = {International Journal of Animal Science and Technology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {38-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijast.20210502.12},
  abstract = {To increase the quality of dry rice straw and meet the needs of nutritional requirement for livestock, availability and technology should be considered to come up with an improve that is easy and inexpensive feeding material. The research aims to find out the effects of the combination of rice by-products (dry fermented straw and bran) with legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia leaves) in increasing the growth of Bali cattle. This research was conducted at the Maliana Administrative, Bobonaro Municipality, from August 28, 2019 to November 17, 2019. In this research, five (5) male and growing beef cattle were used. This research method used the experimental method with Latin Square Design consisting of five treatments and five replications. The feed combinations or treatments used for beef cattle ration formulations, were: T1 is composed of 40% fermented rice straw, 20% rice bran, 10% Gliricidia and 30% Leucaena; T2 is composed of 55% fermented rice straw, 10% rice bran, 20% Gliricyda and 15% leucaena; T3 is composed of 50% fermented rice straw, 5% rice bran; 35% Gliricyda, and 15% leucaena; T4 is composed of 45% fermented rice straw, 15% rice, 30% Gliricyda, and 10% leucaena; T5 is composed of 30% fermented rice straw, 25% rice, 5% Gliricyda, and 40% leucaena. The variables observed were feed intake (kg), feed conversion and animal body weight (kg). Data analysis show that no significant effect (P> 0.05) on ration consumption but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight gain and feed conversion of all experimental beef cattle used in the study. The result of comparison of mean show that the treatment T3 can accelerate growth and improve feed conversion of male beef cattle in their growth phase.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of the Combination of Rice By-Products (Fermented Straw and Bran) and Legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia Leaves) on the Growth Rate of Male Bali Cattle
AU  - Carlito de Araújo Mali Code
AU  - Graciano Soares Gomes
AU  - Alberto Agostinho Pereira da Costa Joao
Y1  - 2021/05/27
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12
T2  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
SP  - 38
EP  - 41
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1312
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210502.12
AB  - To increase the quality of dry rice straw and meet the needs of nutritional requirement for livestock, availability and technology should be considered to come up with an improve that is easy and inexpensive feeding material. The research aims to find out the effects of the combination of rice by-products (dry fermented straw and bran) with legumes (Leucaena and Gliricidia leaves) in increasing the growth of Bali cattle. This research was conducted at the Maliana Administrative, Bobonaro Municipality, from August 28, 2019 to November 17, 2019. In this research, five (5) male and growing beef cattle were used. This research method used the experimental method with Latin Square Design consisting of five treatments and five replications. The feed combinations or treatments used for beef cattle ration formulations, were: T1 is composed of 40% fermented rice straw, 20% rice bran, 10% Gliricidia and 30% Leucaena; T2 is composed of 55% fermented rice straw, 10% rice bran, 20% Gliricyda and 15% leucaena; T3 is composed of 50% fermented rice straw, 5% rice bran; 35% Gliricyda, and 15% leucaena; T4 is composed of 45% fermented rice straw, 15% rice, 30% Gliricyda, and 10% leucaena; T5 is composed of 30% fermented rice straw, 25% rice, 5% Gliricyda, and 40% leucaena. The variables observed were feed intake (kg), feed conversion and animal body weight (kg). Data analysis show that no significant effect (P> 0.05) on ration consumption but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight gain and feed conversion of all experimental beef cattle used in the study. The result of comparison of mean show that the treatment T3 can accelerate growth and improve feed conversion of male beef cattle in their growth phase.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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