Decline in Fish Stock and Livelihood of Small-Scale Fisheries in Shores of Lake Victoria, Tanzania

Yohana James Mgale; Nicholaus Edward Nikusekela

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11

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Decline in Fish Stock and Livelihood of Small-Scale Fisheries in Shores of Lake Victoria, Tanzania

Yohana James Mgale, Nicholaus Edward Nikusekela

Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4)

Received: 28 February 2017 Accepted: 26 May 2017 Published: 30 June 2017

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyse the decline of fish stock and its effects to the livelihood of small scale fisheries. The study was conducted at Ilemela District in Mwanza region, Tanzania. Data were collected through interview and focus group discussion with the sample size of 84 respondents plus 4 key informants. The SPSS and STATA software were used in analyzing the collected data and information. This study shows that there are significant changes in amounts of fish catches per day by households in all seasons [before and after decline in fish stock in shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania]. Using descriptive statistics, the catches in low season before decline in fish stock has a mean score of 83.75 as compared to a mean score of 18.33 after decline in fish stock and also catches in high season before decline has a mean score of 158.21 as compared to a mean score of 55.833 after decline this impacted the household on the expenses that depend on the income obtained from fishing activities i.e. purchasing food, clothes, paying hospital bills and school fees. However, illegal fishing and fishing methods i.e. higher temperature caused by climate change, lack of alternative sources of income, population growth and unemployment are major constraints to full exploitation of fishing [production potential] and jeopardizes efforts to improving productivity on the sector. In this regard, government intervention is needed to attract investor or donor in the fish and fishing sector who will provide training to small scale fisheries and ensuring awareness towards fisheries resource in the shores of Lake Victoria and this will reduce the decline of fish stock. In addition, the development partners [provide technical and finances] and government [provide institutional framework, technical and financial] should play great role in protecting fishing in shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania to ensure that, bylaws are formulated to enforce adoption of improved fishing methods and reduce unemployment rate to youth by investing in high labor absorption sectors i.e. labor intensive industries which will contribute to nation GDP.

Published in	International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11
Page(s)	87-91
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Decline, Fish Stock, Livelihood, Small Scale, Fisheries, Lake Victoria

References

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[2]	LVFRP, "Lake Victoria Fisheries Research Project:," Universities of the North of England Consortium for International Activities, 2001.
[3]	Wandera, S. B., Nsinda, P. and Rabuor, C., "The potential of the Lake Victoria offshore dagaa (Rastrineobolaargentea) fishery," Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation, Jinja, Uganda., 2006.
[4]	Onyango, P. O., "Contribution of Lake Victoria fisheries to Tanzania’s economic growth, poverty status and development," Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation, Jinja, Uganda, 2007.
[5]	Stevens, K., Frank, K. A. and Kramer, D. B., "Social Networks Influence Small-Scale Fishermen’s Enforcement of Sea Tenure," PLoS ONE 10(3): e0121431.doi: 10.1371/ journal. pone.012143., 2015.
[6]	LVFO, "Technical Report: Stock Assessment Regional Working Group," Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation, 28 pp, Jinja, Uganda, 211.
[7]	LVFO, " Regional status report on the Lake Victoria biennial frame surveys between 2000 and 2012," Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization, 2013.
[8]	Ojuok, J. E., Njiru, M., Ntiba, M. J. and Mavuti, K. M., "The effect of overfishing on the life-history strategies of Nile tilapia, Oreochromisniloticus (L.) in the Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya," Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, 2007.
[9]	National Bureau of Statistics, "The 2012 population and housing census: Population distribution by administrative areas," National Bureau of Statistics., Dar es Salaam, 2013.
[10]	National Bureau of Statistics, "Population and housing census 2012 Tanzania," National Bureau of Statistics, Dar Es Salaam, 2012.
[11]	Casley, D. J. and Kumar, K., Project Monitoring and Evaluation in Agriculture, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.
[12]	T. Yamane, Statistics, an, Introductory Analysis 2rd Ed., New York: Harper and Canada, 1967.
[13]	C. Kothari, Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., 2nd Edition, 2004.
[14]	Paul, F., "Taming Youth Unemployment in Africa," 2014. [Online]. Available: http:ghanaweb.com/ghanahomepage. [Accessed 10th March 2015].
[15]	URT, "United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Country Programming Document 2011–2015," UNESCO, 2015.
[16]	W. Bank, "htttp://www1.worldbank.org/publicsetor/decentralization/different.htm.," 2002. [Online].
[17]	R. Chambers, Editorial introduction - Vulnerability: how the poor cope. IDS Bulletin 20(2), Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, 1989.
[18]	Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC), A study on Aquatic Biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya: ACTS Press, African centre for technology studies, 2011.
[19]	F. Sobo, "Community Participation in Fisheries Management in Tanzania," IIFET, Dar Es Salaam, 2012.
[20]	Cowx, I. G, Knaap, M. Van Der, Muhoozi, L. I. and Othina, A., "Improving fishery catch statistics for Lake Victoria," vol. 6, p. 299–310, 2003.
[21]	Mkenda, A. F., Luvanda, E. G., Rutasitara, L. and Naho, A., "Poverty in Tanzania : Comparisons across Administrative Regions, An Interim Report. 21 pp.," Dar Es Salaam, 2004.
[22]	Katikiro, R, Macusi, E and Deepananda, A. KHM, "Changes in Fisheries and Social Dynamics in Tanzania Coastal Fishing Communities," Western Indian Ocean J. Mar Sci., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 95-110, 2013.

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APA Style

Yohana James Mgale, Nicholaus Edward Nikusekela. (2017). Decline in Fish Stock and Livelihood of Small-Scale Fisheries in Shores of Lake Victoria, Tanzania. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 3(4), 87-91. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11

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ACS Style

Yohana James Mgale; Nicholaus Edward Nikusekela. Decline in Fish Stock and Livelihood of Small-Scale Fisheries in Shores of Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2017, 3(4), 87-91. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11

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AMA Style

Yohana James Mgale, Nicholaus Edward Nikusekela. Decline in Fish Stock and Livelihood of Small-Scale Fisheries in Shores of Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2017;3(4):87-91. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11,
  author = {Yohana James Mgale and Nicholaus Edward Nikusekela},
  title = {Decline in Fish Stock and Livelihood of Small-Scale Fisheries in Shores of Lake Victoria, Tanzania},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {87-91},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20170304.11},
  abstract = {The objective of this study was to analyse the decline of fish stock and its effects to the livelihood of small scale fisheries. The study was conducted at Ilemela District in Mwanza region, Tanzania. Data were collected through interview and focus group discussion with the sample size of 84 respondents plus 4 key informants. The SPSS and STATA software were used in analyzing the collected data and information. This study shows that there are significant changes in amounts of fish catches per day by households in all seasons [before and after decline in fish stock in shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania]. Using descriptive statistics, the catches in low season before decline in fish stock has a mean score of 83.75 as compared to a mean score of 18.33 after decline in fish stock and also catches in high season before decline has a mean score of 158.21 as compared to a mean score of 55.833 after decline this impacted the household on the expenses that depend on the income obtained from fishing activities i.e. purchasing food, clothes, paying hospital bills and school fees. However, illegal fishing and fishing methods i.e. higher temperature caused by climate change, lack of alternative sources of income, population growth and unemployment are major constraints to full exploitation of fishing [production potential] and jeopardizes efforts to improving productivity on the sector. In this regard, government intervention is needed to attract investor or donor in the fish and fishing sector who will provide training to small scale fisheries and ensuring awareness towards fisheries resource in the shores of Lake Victoria and this will reduce the decline of fish stock. In addition, the development partners [provide technical and finances] and government [provide institutional framework, technical and financial] should play great role in protecting fishing in shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania to ensure that, bylaws are formulated to enforce adoption of improved fishing methods and reduce unemployment rate to youth by investing in high labor absorption sectors i.e. labor intensive industries which will contribute to nation GDP.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Decline in Fish Stock and Livelihood of Small-Scale Fisheries in Shores of Lake Victoria, Tanzania
AU  - Yohana James Mgale
AU  - Nicholaus Edward Nikusekela
Y1  - 2017/06/30
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 87
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11
AB  - The objective of this study was to analyse the decline of fish stock and its effects to the livelihood of small scale fisheries. The study was conducted at Ilemela District in Mwanza region, Tanzania. Data were collected through interview and focus group discussion with the sample size of 84 respondents plus 4 key informants. The SPSS and STATA software were used in analyzing the collected data and information. This study shows that there are significant changes in amounts of fish catches per day by households in all seasons [before and after decline in fish stock in shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania]. Using descriptive statistics, the catches in low season before decline in fish stock has a mean score of 83.75 as compared to a mean score of 18.33 after decline in fish stock and also catches in high season before decline has a mean score of 158.21 as compared to a mean score of 55.833 after decline this impacted the household on the expenses that depend on the income obtained from fishing activities i.e. purchasing food, clothes, paying hospital bills and school fees. However, illegal fishing and fishing methods i.e. higher temperature caused by climate change, lack of alternative sources of income, population growth and unemployment are major constraints to full exploitation of fishing [production potential] and jeopardizes efforts to improving productivity on the sector. In this regard, government intervention is needed to attract investor or donor in the fish and fishing sector who will provide training to small scale fisheries and ensuring awareness towards fisheries resource in the shores of Lake Victoria and this will reduce the decline of fish stock. In addition, the development partners [provide technical and finances] and government [provide institutional framework, technical and financial] should play great role in protecting fishing in shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania to ensure that, bylaws are formulated to enforce adoption of improved fishing methods and reduce unemployment rate to youth by investing in high labor absorption sectors i.e. labor intensive industries which will contribute to nation GDP.
VL  - 3
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Author Information

Yohana James Mgale

Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP), Department of Rural Development and Regional Planning, Dodoma, Tanzania
Nicholaus Edward Nikusekela

Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP), Department of Rural Development and Regional Planning, Dodoma, Tanzania

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Yohana James Mgale, Nicholaus Edward Nikusekela. (2017). Decline in Fish Stock and Livelihood of Small-Scale Fisheries in Shores of Lake Victoria, Tanzania. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 3(4), 87-91. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11

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ACS Style

Yohana James Mgale; Nicholaus Edward Nikusekela. Decline in Fish Stock and Livelihood of Small-Scale Fisheries in Shores of Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2017, 3(4), 87-91. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11

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AMA Style

Yohana James Mgale, Nicholaus Edward Nikusekela. Decline in Fish Stock and Livelihood of Small-Scale Fisheries in Shores of Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2017;3(4):87-91. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11,
  author = {Yohana James Mgale and Nicholaus Edward Nikusekela},
  title = {Decline in Fish Stock and Livelihood of Small-Scale Fisheries in Shores of Lake Victoria, Tanzania},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {87-91},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20170304.11},
  abstract = {The objective of this study was to analyse the decline of fish stock and its effects to the livelihood of small scale fisheries. The study was conducted at Ilemela District in Mwanza region, Tanzania. Data were collected through interview and focus group discussion with the sample size of 84 respondents plus 4 key informants. The SPSS and STATA software were used in analyzing the collected data and information. This study shows that there are significant changes in amounts of fish catches per day by households in all seasons [before and after decline in fish stock in shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania]. Using descriptive statistics, the catches in low season before decline in fish stock has a mean score of 83.75 as compared to a mean score of 18.33 after decline in fish stock and also catches in high season before decline has a mean score of 158.21 as compared to a mean score of 55.833 after decline this impacted the household on the expenses that depend on the income obtained from fishing activities i.e. purchasing food, clothes, paying hospital bills and school fees. However, illegal fishing and fishing methods i.e. higher temperature caused by climate change, lack of alternative sources of income, population growth and unemployment are major constraints to full exploitation of fishing [production potential] and jeopardizes efforts to improving productivity on the sector. In this regard, government intervention is needed to attract investor or donor in the fish and fishing sector who will provide training to small scale fisheries and ensuring awareness towards fisheries resource in the shores of Lake Victoria and this will reduce the decline of fish stock. In addition, the development partners [provide technical and finances] and government [provide institutional framework, technical and financial] should play great role in protecting fishing in shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania to ensure that, bylaws are formulated to enforce adoption of improved fishing methods and reduce unemployment rate to youth by investing in high labor absorption sectors i.e. labor intensive industries which will contribute to nation GDP.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Decline in Fish Stock and Livelihood of Small-Scale Fisheries in Shores of Lake Victoria, Tanzania
AU  - Yohana James Mgale
AU  - Nicholaus Edward Nikusekela
Y1  - 2017/06/30
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 87
EP  - 91
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.11
AB  - The objective of this study was to analyse the decline of fish stock and its effects to the livelihood of small scale fisheries. The study was conducted at Ilemela District in Mwanza region, Tanzania. Data were collected through interview and focus group discussion with the sample size of 84 respondents plus 4 key informants. The SPSS and STATA software were used in analyzing the collected data and information. This study shows that there are significant changes in amounts of fish catches per day by households in all seasons [before and after decline in fish stock in shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania]. Using descriptive statistics, the catches in low season before decline in fish stock has a mean score of 83.75 as compared to a mean score of 18.33 after decline in fish stock and also catches in high season before decline has a mean score of 158.21 as compared to a mean score of 55.833 after decline this impacted the household on the expenses that depend on the income obtained from fishing activities i.e. purchasing food, clothes, paying hospital bills and school fees. However, illegal fishing and fishing methods i.e. higher temperature caused by climate change, lack of alternative sources of income, population growth and unemployment are major constraints to full exploitation of fishing [production potential] and jeopardizes efforts to improving productivity on the sector. In this regard, government intervention is needed to attract investor or donor in the fish and fishing sector who will provide training to small scale fisheries and ensuring awareness towards fisheries resource in the shores of Lake Victoria and this will reduce the decline of fish stock. In addition, the development partners [provide technical and finances] and government [provide institutional framework, technical and financial] should play great role in protecting fishing in shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania to ensure that, bylaws are formulated to enforce adoption of improved fishing methods and reduce unemployment rate to youth by investing in high labor absorption sectors i.e. labor intensive industries which will contribute to nation GDP.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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