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Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria

Received: 16 December 2015     Accepted: 8 February 2016     Published: 29 May 2017
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Abstract

This study was conducted to determine concentration levels of heavy metals and element in irrigated leafy vegetables and fruit cultivated at colleges’ farm along river Kumodu Gana bank, Maiduguri. Samples were obtained randomly from five locations and analysed as described by AOAC, (1990). Cadmium, copper, iron, potassium, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc were determined in plant parts of spinach (Amaranthus blitum), jute wallow (Corchurus tridents), roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety), and fruits of pepper (Capsicum species). The results revealed mean concentration level of each element determined in the vegetable plants studied; for cadmium had 0.80 - 3.21 µg/g, copper (0.38 - 1.58 µg/g), iron (0.27 - 1.89 µg/g), potassium (6.6 - 27.13 µg/g), manganese (0.26 - 2.42 µg/g), nickel (0.23 - 4.21 µg/g), lead (0.32 µg/g), and 0.13 - 0.74 µg/g for zinc. The magnitude of concentration levels of these elements detected in different irrigated vegetable plant parts materials’ sequential order was K > Ni > Cd > Mn > Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb, the highest was potassium (K), the least was lead (Pb) and Pb was detected in roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety) only. No significance differences between the plant parts when compared their concentration levels in term of the elements determined. Their concentrations are below the recommended safe limit proposed by AOAC, EU, FAO and WHO. Hence, irrigated vegetables cultivated in the studied area were found fit, wholesome for consumption and health risk free. Further studies on the same irrigated vegetables and area are recommended.

Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14
Page(s) 78-86
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Elements, Irrigated Vegetables, Metals, Mean Concentration, River Kumodu Gana, Safe Limit

References
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    Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Bassey Effong Edet, Hauwa Lawan Badawi, Halima Mohammed Bala, Mustapha Umar Marte, et al. (2017). Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 3(3), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14

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    Gwana Adamu Mohammed; Bassey Effong Edet; Hauwa Lawan Badawi; Halima Mohammed Bala; Mustapha Umar Marte, et al. Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2017, 3(3), 78-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14

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    AMA Style

    Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Bassey Effong Edet, Hauwa Lawan Badawi, Halima Mohammed Bala, Mustapha Umar Marte, et al. Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2017;3(3):78-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14,
      author = {Gwana Adamu Mohammed and Bassey Effong Edet and Hauwa Lawan Badawi and Halima Mohammed Bala and Mustapha Umar Marte and Ali Mohammed and Laku Dauda},
      title = {Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria},
      journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
      volume = {3},
      number = {3},
      pages = {78-86},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20170303.14},
      abstract = {This study was conducted to determine concentration levels of heavy metals and element in irrigated leafy vegetables and fruit cultivated at colleges’ farm along river Kumodu Gana bank, Maiduguri. Samples were obtained randomly from five locations and analysed as described by AOAC, (1990). Cadmium, copper, iron, potassium, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc were determined in plant parts of spinach (Amaranthus blitum), jute wallow (Corchurus tridents), roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety), and fruits of pepper (Capsicum species). The results revealed mean concentration level of each element determined in the vegetable plants studied; for cadmium had 0.80 - 3.21 µg/g, copper (0.38 - 1.58 µg/g), iron (0.27 - 1.89 µg/g), potassium (6.6 - 27.13 µg/g), manganese (0.26 - 2.42 µg/g), nickel (0.23 - 4.21 µg/g), lead (0.32 µg/g), and 0.13 - 0.74 µg/g for zinc. The magnitude of concentration levels of these elements detected in different irrigated vegetable plant parts materials’ sequential order was K > Ni > Cd > Mn > Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb, the highest was potassium (K), the least was lead (Pb) and Pb was detected in roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety) only. No significance differences between the plant parts when compared their concentration levels in term of the elements determined. Their concentrations are below the recommended safe limit proposed by AOAC, EU, FAO and WHO. Hence, irrigated vegetables cultivated in the studied area were found fit, wholesome for consumption and health risk free. Further studies on the same irrigated vegetables and area are recommended.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria
    AU  - Gwana Adamu Mohammed
    AU  - Bassey Effong Edet
    AU  - Hauwa Lawan Badawi
    AU  - Halima Mohammed Bala
    AU  - Mustapha Umar Marte
    AU  - Ali Mohammed
    AU  - Laku Dauda
    Y1  - 2017/05/29
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14
    T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
    SP  - 78
    EP  - 86
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-7885
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14
    AB  - This study was conducted to determine concentration levels of heavy metals and element in irrigated leafy vegetables and fruit cultivated at colleges’ farm along river Kumodu Gana bank, Maiduguri. Samples were obtained randomly from five locations and analysed as described by AOAC, (1990). Cadmium, copper, iron, potassium, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc were determined in plant parts of spinach (Amaranthus blitum), jute wallow (Corchurus tridents), roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety), and fruits of pepper (Capsicum species). The results revealed mean concentration level of each element determined in the vegetable plants studied; for cadmium had 0.80 - 3.21 µg/g, copper (0.38 - 1.58 µg/g), iron (0.27 - 1.89 µg/g), potassium (6.6 - 27.13 µg/g), manganese (0.26 - 2.42 µg/g), nickel (0.23 - 4.21 µg/g), lead (0.32 µg/g), and 0.13 - 0.74 µg/g for zinc. The magnitude of concentration levels of these elements detected in different irrigated vegetable plant parts materials’ sequential order was K > Ni > Cd > Mn > Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb, the highest was potassium (K), the least was lead (Pb) and Pb was detected in roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety) only. No significance differences between the plant parts when compared their concentration levels in term of the elements determined. Their concentrations are below the recommended safe limit proposed by AOAC, EU, FAO and WHO. Hence, irrigated vegetables cultivated in the studied area were found fit, wholesome for consumption and health risk free. Further studies on the same irrigated vegetables and area are recommended.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Laboratory Unit, A. H. P Department, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Department of Microbiology and Brewery, Nnamdi Azikwe University, Awka, Nigeria

  • Heritage Unit, Department of Heritage and Museum Sites, National Commission for Museums and Monuments, Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Department of Basic Science, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

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