Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria

Gwana Adamu Mohammed; Bassey Effong Edet; Hauwa Lawan Badawi; Halima Mohammed Bala; Mustapha Umar Marte; Ali Mohammed; Laku Dauda

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14

Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria

Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Bassey Effong Edet, Hauwa Lawan Badawi, Halima Mohammed Bala, Mustapha Umar Marte, Ali Mohammed, Laku Dauda

Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 16 December 2015 Accepted: 8 February 2016 Published: 29 May 2017

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Abstract

This study was conducted to determine concentration levels of heavy metals and element in irrigated leafy vegetables and fruit cultivated at colleges’ farm along river Kumodu Gana bank, Maiduguri. Samples were obtained randomly from five locations and analysed as described by AOAC, (1990). Cadmium, copper, iron, potassium, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc were determined in plant parts of spinach (Amaranthus blitum), jute wallow (Corchurus tridents), roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety), and fruits of pepper (Capsicum species). The results revealed mean concentration level of each element determined in the vegetable plants studied; for cadmium had 0.80 - 3.21 µg/g, copper (0.38 - 1.58 µg/g), iron (0.27 - 1.89 µg/g), potassium (6.6 - 27.13 µg/g), manganese (0.26 - 2.42 µg/g), nickel (0.23 - 4.21 µg/g), lead (0.32 µg/g), and 0.13 - 0.74 µg/g for zinc. The magnitude of concentration levels of these elements detected in different irrigated vegetable plant parts materials’ sequential order was K > Ni > Cd > Mn > Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb, the highest was potassium (K), the least was lead (Pb) and Pb was detected in roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety) only. No significance differences between the plant parts when compared their concentration levels in term of the elements determined. Their concentrations are below the recommended safe limit proposed by AOAC, EU, FAO and WHO. Hence, irrigated vegetables cultivated in the studied area were found fit, wholesome for consumption and health risk free. Further studies on the same irrigated vegetables and area are recommended.

Published in	International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14
Page(s)	78-86
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Elements, Irrigated Vegetables, Metals, Mean Concentration, River Kumodu Gana, Safe Limit

References

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Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Bassey Effong Edet, Hauwa Lawan Badawi, Halima Mohammed Bala, Mustapha Umar Marte, et al. (2017). Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 3(3), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14

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Gwana Adamu Mohammed; Bassey Effong Edet; Hauwa Lawan Badawi; Halima Mohammed Bala; Mustapha Umar Marte, et al. Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2017, 3(3), 78-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14

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AMA Style

Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Bassey Effong Edet, Hauwa Lawan Badawi, Halima Mohammed Bala, Mustapha Umar Marte, et al. Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2017;3(3):78-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14,
  author = {Gwana Adamu Mohammed and Bassey Effong Edet and Hauwa Lawan Badawi and Halima Mohammed Bala and Mustapha Umar Marte and Ali Mohammed and Laku Dauda},
  title = {Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {78-86},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20170303.14},
  abstract = {This study was conducted to determine concentration levels of heavy metals and element in irrigated leafy vegetables and fruit cultivated at colleges’ farm along river Kumodu Gana bank, Maiduguri. Samples were obtained randomly from five locations and analysed as described by AOAC, (1990). Cadmium, copper, iron, potassium, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc were determined in plant parts of spinach (Amaranthus blitum), jute wallow (Corchurus tridents), roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety), and fruits of pepper (Capsicum species). The results revealed mean concentration level of each element determined in the vegetable plants studied; for cadmium had 0.80 - 3.21 µg/g, copper (0.38 - 1.58 µg/g), iron (0.27 - 1.89 µg/g), potassium (6.6 - 27.13 µg/g), manganese (0.26 - 2.42 µg/g), nickel (0.23 - 4.21 µg/g), lead (0.32 µg/g), and 0.13 - 0.74 µg/g for zinc. The magnitude of concentration levels of these elements detected in different irrigated vegetable plant parts materials’ sequential order was K > Ni > Cd > Mn > Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb, the highest was potassium (K), the least was lead (Pb) and Pb was detected in roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety) only. No significance differences between the plant parts when compared their concentration levels in term of the elements determined. Their concentrations are below the recommended safe limit proposed by AOAC, EU, FAO and WHO. Hence, irrigated vegetables cultivated in the studied area were found fit, wholesome for consumption and health risk free. Further studies on the same irrigated vegetables and area are recommended.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria
AU  - Gwana Adamu Mohammed
AU  - Bassey Effong Edet
AU  - Hauwa Lawan Badawi
AU  - Halima Mohammed Bala
AU  - Mustapha Umar Marte
AU  - Ali Mohammed
AU  - Laku Dauda
Y1  - 2017/05/29
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 78
EP  - 86
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14
AB  - This study was conducted to determine concentration levels of heavy metals and element in irrigated leafy vegetables and fruit cultivated at colleges’ farm along river Kumodu Gana bank, Maiduguri. Samples were obtained randomly from five locations and analysed as described by AOAC, (1990). Cadmium, copper, iron, potassium, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc were determined in plant parts of spinach (Amaranthus blitum), jute wallow (Corchurus tridents), roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety), and fruits of pepper (Capsicum species). The results revealed mean concentration level of each element determined in the vegetable plants studied; for cadmium had 0.80 - 3.21 µg/g, copper (0.38 - 1.58 µg/g), iron (0.27 - 1.89 µg/g), potassium (6.6 - 27.13 µg/g), manganese (0.26 - 2.42 µg/g), nickel (0.23 - 4.21 µg/g), lead (0.32 µg/g), and 0.13 - 0.74 µg/g for zinc. The magnitude of concentration levels of these elements detected in different irrigated vegetable plant parts materials’ sequential order was K > Ni > Cd > Mn > Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb, the highest was potassium (K), the least was lead (Pb) and Pb was detected in roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety) only. No significance differences between the plant parts when compared their concentration levels in term of the elements determined. Their concentrations are below the recommended safe limit proposed by AOAC, EU, FAO and WHO. Hence, irrigated vegetables cultivated in the studied area were found fit, wholesome for consumption and health risk free. Further studies on the same irrigated vegetables and area are recommended.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Gwana Adamu Mohammed

Laboratory Unit, A. H. P Department, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Bassey Effong Edet

Department of Microbiology and Brewery, Nnamdi Azikwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Hauwa Lawan Badawi

Heritage Unit, Department of Heritage and Museum Sites, National Commission for Museums and Monuments, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Halima Mohammed Bala

Department of Basic Science, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Mustapha Umar Marte

Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Ali Mohammed

Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Laku Dauda

Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

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APA Style

Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Bassey Effong Edet, Hauwa Lawan Badawi, Halima Mohammed Bala, Mustapha Umar Marte, et al. (2017). Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 3(3), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14

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ACS Style

Gwana Adamu Mohammed; Bassey Effong Edet; Hauwa Lawan Badawi; Halima Mohammed Bala; Mustapha Umar Marte, et al. Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2017, 3(3), 78-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14

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AMA Style

Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Bassey Effong Edet, Hauwa Lawan Badawi, Halima Mohammed Bala, Mustapha Umar Marte, et al. Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2017;3(3):78-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14,
  author = {Gwana Adamu Mohammed and Bassey Effong Edet and Hauwa Lawan Badawi and Halima Mohammed Bala and Mustapha Umar Marte and Ali Mohammed and Laku Dauda},
  title = {Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {78-86},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20170303.14},
  abstract = {This study was conducted to determine concentration levels of heavy metals and element in irrigated leafy vegetables and fruit cultivated at colleges’ farm along river Kumodu Gana bank, Maiduguri. Samples were obtained randomly from five locations and analysed as described by AOAC, (1990). Cadmium, copper, iron, potassium, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc were determined in plant parts of spinach (Amaranthus blitum), jute wallow (Corchurus tridents), roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety), and fruits of pepper (Capsicum species). The results revealed mean concentration level of each element determined in the vegetable plants studied; for cadmium had 0.80 - 3.21 µg/g, copper (0.38 - 1.58 µg/g), iron (0.27 - 1.89 µg/g), potassium (6.6 - 27.13 µg/g), manganese (0.26 - 2.42 µg/g), nickel (0.23 - 4.21 µg/g), lead (0.32 µg/g), and 0.13 - 0.74 µg/g for zinc. The magnitude of concentration levels of these elements detected in different irrigated vegetable plant parts materials’ sequential order was K > Ni > Cd > Mn > Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb, the highest was potassium (K), the least was lead (Pb) and Pb was detected in roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety) only. No significance differences between the plant parts when compared their concentration levels in term of the elements determined. Their concentrations are below the recommended safe limit proposed by AOAC, EU, FAO and WHO. Hence, irrigated vegetables cultivated in the studied area were found fit, wholesome for consumption and health risk free. Further studies on the same irrigated vegetables and area are recommended.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Appraisal of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Irrigated Vegetables and Fruit Cultivated in College Farm, Maiduguri, Nigeria
AU  - Gwana Adamu Mohammed
AU  - Bassey Effong Edet
AU  - Hauwa Lawan Badawi
AU  - Halima Mohammed Bala
AU  - Mustapha Umar Marte
AU  - Ali Mohammed
AU  - Laku Dauda
Y1  - 2017/05/29
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 78
EP  - 86
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.14
AB  - This study was conducted to determine concentration levels of heavy metals and element in irrigated leafy vegetables and fruit cultivated at colleges’ farm along river Kumodu Gana bank, Maiduguri. Samples were obtained randomly from five locations and analysed as described by AOAC, (1990). Cadmium, copper, iron, potassium, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc were determined in plant parts of spinach (Amaranthus blitum), jute wallow (Corchurus tridents), roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety), and fruits of pepper (Capsicum species). The results revealed mean concentration level of each element determined in the vegetable plants studied; for cadmium had 0.80 - 3.21 µg/g, copper (0.38 - 1.58 µg/g), iron (0.27 - 1.89 µg/g), potassium (6.6 - 27.13 µg/g), manganese (0.26 - 2.42 µg/g), nickel (0.23 - 4.21 µg/g), lead (0.32 µg/g), and 0.13 - 0.74 µg/g for zinc. The magnitude of concentration levels of these elements detected in different irrigated vegetable plant parts materials’ sequential order was K > Ni > Cd > Mn > Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb, the highest was potassium (K), the least was lead (Pb) and Pb was detected in roselle (Habiscus sabdariffa variety) only. No significance differences between the plant parts when compared their concentration levels in term of the elements determined. Their concentrations are below the recommended safe limit proposed by AOAC, EU, FAO and WHO. Hence, irrigated vegetables cultivated in the studied area were found fit, wholesome for consumption and health risk free. Further studies on the same irrigated vegetables and area are recommended.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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