A field experiment was conducted for 4 seasons on the farm of the Dept. of Field Crop Sci., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad in spring and fall plantings in 2014 and 2015. That was to determine the relationship of hybrid performance in maize (Zea mays L.) crosses with early and late selects of inbreds. Four inbreds; Zm19, Zm32, Zm51, and Zm61 were grown and the very early and very late silking plants were selected and selfed for propagation in the first two seasons. The third season involved growing the selects and top-crossing with early and late inbreds (Zm60 and Zm21). The sixteen crosses were planted in season 4 in RCBD of 3 replicates in population density of 83’000 plants. ha-1. The cross (Zm19xZm60) resulted from early select of Zm19 gave significantly higher grain yield (10.52 t. ha-1) compared to its late counterpart (8.19 t. ha-1). The same cross gave higher grain yield than late Zm19 crossed to late inbred (Zm21) (6.64 t. ha-1). Early selects on inbreds crossed to testers showed significant differences in kernel growth rate (KGR), kernel filling duration (KFD) and kernel weight. Values of KGR ranged between 3.2 - 3.5 g. plant-1. d-1, KFD between 35 – 38 d, and kernel weight between 228 – 294 mg. kernel-1. It was concluded that selection on maize inbred populations creates new variations in traits lead to higher grain yield hybrids. Other traits such as ear length, kernel. ear-1, and kernel weight could be good candidates for selection on inbreds that could help developing new high grain yield hybrids.
| Published in | International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.13 |
| Page(s) | 72-77 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Days of Kernel Filling, Epigenetic, Grain Yield, Kernel Growth Rate, QTL, Selection on Inbreds
| [1] | Coelho, C. P., A. P. Costa Netto, J. Colasanti, and A. Chalfun-Junior. 2013. A proposed model for the flowering signaling pathway of sugarcane under photoperiodic control. Genetics and Molecular Research 12 (2): 1347-1359. |
| [2] | Colasanti, J., and M. G. Muszynski. 2008. The maize floral transition. Handbook of Maize: Its Biology, Vol 1. Springer Science, New York, p. 41–55. |
| [3] | Durand, E., S. Bouchet, P. Bertin, A. Ressayre, P. Jamin, A. Charcosset, C. Dillmann, and M. Tenaillon. 2012. Flowering time in maize: Linkage and epistasis at a major effect locus. Genetics. 190 (4): 1547-1562. |
| [4] | Brachi, B., N. Faure, M. Horton, E. Flahauw, A. Vazquez, M. Nordborgm J. Bergelson, J. Cuguen, and F. Roux. 2010. Linkage and association mapping of Arabidopsis thaliana flowering time in nature. PLoS Genets. 6 (5): e1000940. |
| [5] | Buckler, E. S., J. B. Holland, P. J. Bradbury, C. B. Acharya, P. J. Brown, C. Browne, E. Ersoz, S. Flint-Garcia, A. Garcia, J. C. Glaubitz, M. M. Goodman, C. Harjes, K. Guill, D. E. Kroon, S. Larsson, N. K. Lepak, H. Li, S. E. Mitchell, G. Pressoir, J. A. Peiffer, M. O. Rosas, T. R. Rocheford, M. C. Romay, S. Romero, S. Salvo, H. S. Villeda, H. S. da Silva, Q. Sun, F. Tian, N. Upadyayula, D. Ware, H. Yates, J. Yu, Z. Zhang, S. Keresovich, and M. D. McMullen. 2009. The genetic architecture of maize flowering time. Science. 325: 714–718. |
| [6] | Chardon, F., B. Virlon, L. Moreau, M. Falque, J. Joets, L. Decousset, A. Murigneux, and A. Charcosset. 2004. Genetic architecture of flowering time in maize as inferred from quantitative trait loci meta-analysis and synteny conservation with the rice genome. Genetics 168: 2169–2185. |
| [7] | Cockram, J., H. Jones, F. J. Leigh, D. O'Sullivan, W. Powell, D. A. Laurie, and A. J. Greenland. 2007. Control of flowering time in temperate cereals: genes, domestication, and sustainable productivity. J. Exp. Bot. 58 (6): 1231-1244. |
| [8] | Xue, W. Y., Y. Z. Xing, X. Y. Weng, Y. Zhao, W. J. Tang, L. Wang, H. J. Zhou, S. B. Yu, C. G. Xu, X. H. Li, and Q. F. Zhang.2008. Natural variation in Ghd7 is an important regulator of heading date and yield potential in rice. Nat. Genet., 40 (6): 761-767. |
| [9] | Durand, E., M. I. Tenaillon, C. Ridel, D. Coubriche, P. Jamin, S. Jouanne, A. Ressayre, A. Charcosset, and C. Dillman. 2010. Standing variation and new mutations both contribute to a fast response to selection for flowering time in maize inbreds. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10: 2. |
| [10] | Chardon, F., D. Hourcade, V. Combes, and A. Charcosset. 2005. Mapping of a spontaneous mutation for early flowering time in maize highlights contrasting allelic series at two-linked QTL on chromosome 8. Theor. Appl. Genet. 112 (1): 1-11. |
| [11] | Barber, W. T., W. Zhang, H. Win, K. K. Valara, J. E. Dorweiler, M. E. Hudson, and S. P. Moose. 2012. Repeat associated small RNAs vary among parents and following hybridization in maize. PNAS USA. 109 (26): 10444–10449. |
| [12] | Fu, D., M. Xiao, A. Hayward, G. Jiang, L. Zhu, Q. Zhou, J. Li, and M. Zhang. 2015. What is crop heterosis: New insights into an old topic. J. Appl. Genet. 56 (1):1-13. |
| [13] | Fu, J., Y. Cheng, J. Linghu, X. Yang, L. Kang, Z. Zhang, J. Zhang, C. He, X. Du, Z. Peng, B. Wang, L. Zhai, C. Dai, J. Xu, W. Wang, X. Li, J. Zheng, L. Chen, L. Luo, J. Liu, X. Qian, J. Yan, J. Wang, and G. Wang. 2013. RNA sequencing reveals the complex regulatory network in maize kernel. Nat. Commun. 4: 2832. |
| [14] | Chen, Z. J. 2013. Genomic and epigenetic insights into the molecular bases of heterosis. Nat. Rev. Genet. 14 (7):471–482. |
| [15] | Greaves, I. K., M. Groszmann, H. Ying, J. M. Taylor, W. J. Peacock, and E. S. Dennis. 2012. Trans chromosomal methylation in Arabidopsis hybrids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 109 (9): 3570–3575. |
| [16] | Groszmann, M., I. K. Greaves, Z. I. Albertyn, G. N. Scofield, W. J. Peacock, and E. S. Dennis. 2011. Changes in 24-nt siRNA levels in Arabidopsis hybrids suggest an epigenetic contribution to hybrid vigor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108 (6): 2617–2622. |
| [17] | Hofmann, N. R. 2012. A global view of hybrid vigor: DNA methylation, small RNAs and gene expression. The Plant Cell. 24 (3): 841. |
| [18] | Shen, H., H. He, J. Li, W. chen, X. Wang, L. Guo, Z. Peng, G. He, S. Zhong, Y. Qi, W. Terzaghi, and X. W. Deng. 2012. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression changes in two Arabidopsis ecotypes and their reciprocal hybrids. The Plant Cell. 24: 875–892. |
| [19] | Benito, C., A. M. Figueiras, C. Saragoza, F. J. Gallego, and A. de la Pena. 1993. Rapid identification of Triticeae genotypes from single seeds using the polymerase chain reaction. Plant Molecular Biology 21: 181-183. |
| [20] | Williams, J. G., A. R. Kubelik, K. J. Livak, J. A. Rafalski, and S. V. Tingey. 1990. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research, 18 (22): 632-6535. |
| [21] | Tollenaar, M., L. M. Dwyer, D. W. Stwart, and B. L. Ma. 2000. "Physiological parameters associated with differences in kernel set among maize hybrids": Physiology and Modeling Kernel Set in Maize. CSSA. Spec. Publ. No. 29, Crop Science Society of American (CSSA) and American Society of Agronomy (ASA), USA, p. 115-130. |
| [22] | Vanderlip, R. L. 1993. How a Sorghum Plant Develops. Kansan State University. pp 20. http:WWW.oznet. Ksu.edu. |
| [23] | Alvarez Prado, S., B. L. Gambín, A. D. Novoa, D. Foster, M. L. Senior, C. Zinselmeier, M. E. Otegui, and L. Borrás. 2013. Correlation between parental inbred lines and derived hybrid performance for grain filling traits in maize. Crop Sci. 53: 1636–1645. |
| [24] | Alvarez Prado, S., C. G. López, M. L. Senior, and L. Borrás. 2014. The genetic architecture of maize (Zea mays L.) kernel weight determination. Crop Sci. 9: 1611–1621. |
| [25] | Sadras, V. O. 2007. Evolutionary aspects of the trade-off between seed size and number in crops. Field Crops Research. 100 (2-3): 125–138. |
| [26] | Bingham, I. J., J. Blake, M. J. Foulkes, and J. Spink. 2007. Is barley yield in the UK sink limited? II. Factors affecting potential grain size. Field Crops Res. 101: 212–220. |
| [27] | Rondanini, D. P., R. Savin, and A. J. Hall. 2007. Estimation of physiological maturity in sunflower as a function of fruit water concentration. Eur. J. of Agron. 26 (3): 295–309. |
| [28] | Borrás, L., and B. L. Gambín. 2010. Trait dissection of maize kernel weight: Towards integrating hierarchical scales using a plant growth approach. Field Crops Res. 118: 1–12. |
| [29] | El-Shouny, K. A., O. H. El-Baguary, K. I. M. Ibrahim and S. A. Al-Ahmad. 2005. Correlation and path coefficient analysis in four yellow maize crosses under two planting dates. Arab-Univ. J. Agri. Sci.، 13 (2): 327-339. |
| [30] | Borrás, L., C. Zinselmeier, M. L. Senior, M. E. Westgate, and M. G. Muszynski. 2009. Characterization of grain-filling patterns in diverse maize germplasm. Crop Sci. 49: 999–1009. |
| [31] | Tollenaar, M., and E. A. Lee. 2011. Strategies for enhancing grain yield in maize. Plant Breeding Reviews. 34: 37-83. |
| [32] | Elsahookie, M. M. 2007. An Introduction to Plant Molecular Biology. 2nd edn.(in Arabic), Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Univ. of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, pp. 190. |
| [33] | Slafer, G. A. 2003. Genetic basis of yield as viewed from a crop physiologist’s perspective. Ann. Appl. Biol. 142 (2): 117–128. |
| [34] | Cubas, P., C. Vincent, and E. Coen. 1999. An epigenetic mutation responsible for natural variation in floral symmetry. Nature 401:157–161. |
| [35] | He, X. J., T. Chen, and J. K. Zhu. 2011. Regulation and function of DNA methylation in plants and animals. Cell Res. 21: 442–465. |
| [36] | Manning, K., M. Tör, M. Poole, Y. Hong, A. J. Thompson, G. L. King, J. J. Giovannoni, and G. B. Seymour. 2006. A naturally occurring epigenetic mutation in a gene encoding an SBP-box transcription factor inhibits tomato fruit ripening. Nat. Genet. 38: 948–952. |
| [37] | Ni, Z., E. D Kim, M. Ha, E. Lackey, J. Liu, Y. Zhang, Q. Sun, and Z. J. Chen. 2009. Altered circadian rhythms regulate growth vigour in hybrids and allopolyploids. Nature. 457 (7227): 327–331. |
| [38] | Shindo, C., C. Lister, P. Crevillen, M. Nordborg, and C. Dean. 2006. Variation in the epigenetic silencing of FLC contributes to natural variation in Arabidopsis vernalization response. Genes Dev. 20 (22): 3079–3083. |
| [39] | Arteaga-Vazquez, M., L. Sidorenkoa, F. A. Rabanala, R. Shrivistavac, K. Nobutac, P. J. Greenc, B. C. Meyersc, and V. L. Chandlera. 2010. RNA-mediated trans-communication can establish paramutation at the b1 locus in maize. PNAS 107: 12986–12991. |
| [40] | Dorweiler, J. E., C. C. Carey, K. M Kubo, J. B. Hollick, J. L. Kermicle, and V. L. Chandler. 2000. Mediator of paramutation1 is required for establishment and maintenance of paramutation at multiple maize loci. Plant Cell 12: 2101–2118. |
APA Style
H. A. Alkhazaali, M. M. Elsahookie, F. Y. Baktash. (2017). Flowering Syndrome-Hybrid Performance Relationship in Maize 2- Grain Yield and Yield Components. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 3(3), 72-77. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.13
ACS Style
H. A. Alkhazaali; M. M. Elsahookie; F. Y. Baktash. Flowering Syndrome-Hybrid Performance Relationship in Maize 2- Grain Yield and Yield Components. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2017, 3(3), 72-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.13
AMA Style
H. A. Alkhazaali, M. M. Elsahookie, F. Y. Baktash. Flowering Syndrome-Hybrid Performance Relationship in Maize 2- Grain Yield and Yield Components. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2017;3(3):72-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.13
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.13,
author = {H. A. Alkhazaali and M. M. Elsahookie and F. Y. Baktash},
title = {Flowering Syndrome-Hybrid Performance Relationship in Maize 2- Grain Yield and Yield Components},
journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {72-77},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20170303.13},
abstract = {A field experiment was conducted for 4 seasons on the farm of the Dept. of Field Crop Sci., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad in spring and fall plantings in 2014 and 2015. That was to determine the relationship of hybrid performance in maize (Zea mays L.) crosses with early and late selects of inbreds. Four inbreds; Zm19, Zm32, Zm51, and Zm61 were grown and the very early and very late silking plants were selected and selfed for propagation in the first two seasons. The third season involved growing the selects and top-crossing with early and late inbreds (Zm60 and Zm21). The sixteen crosses were planted in season 4 in RCBD of 3 replicates in population density of 83’000 plants. ha-1. The cross (Zm19xZm60) resulted from early select of Zm19 gave significantly higher grain yield (10.52 t. ha-1) compared to its late counterpart (8.19 t. ha-1). The same cross gave higher grain yield than late Zm19 crossed to late inbred (Zm21) (6.64 t. ha-1). Early selects on inbreds crossed to testers showed significant differences in kernel growth rate (KGR), kernel filling duration (KFD) and kernel weight. Values of KGR ranged between 3.2 - 3.5 g. plant-1. d-1, KFD between 35 – 38 d, and kernel weight between 228 – 294 mg. kernel-1. It was concluded that selection on maize inbred populations creates new variations in traits lead to higher grain yield hybrids. Other traits such as ear length, kernel. ear-1, and kernel weight could be good candidates for selection on inbreds that could help developing new high grain yield hybrids.},
year = {2017}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Flowering Syndrome-Hybrid Performance Relationship in Maize 2- Grain Yield and Yield Components AU - H. A. Alkhazaali AU - M. M. Elsahookie AU - F. Y. Baktash Y1 - 2017/04/26 PY - 2017 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.13 T2 - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences JF - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences JO - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences SP - 72 EP - 77 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2469-7885 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170303.13 AB - A field experiment was conducted for 4 seasons on the farm of the Dept. of Field Crop Sci., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad in spring and fall plantings in 2014 and 2015. That was to determine the relationship of hybrid performance in maize (Zea mays L.) crosses with early and late selects of inbreds. Four inbreds; Zm19, Zm32, Zm51, and Zm61 were grown and the very early and very late silking plants were selected and selfed for propagation in the first two seasons. The third season involved growing the selects and top-crossing with early and late inbreds (Zm60 and Zm21). The sixteen crosses were planted in season 4 in RCBD of 3 replicates in population density of 83’000 plants. ha-1. The cross (Zm19xZm60) resulted from early select of Zm19 gave significantly higher grain yield (10.52 t. ha-1) compared to its late counterpart (8.19 t. ha-1). The same cross gave higher grain yield than late Zm19 crossed to late inbred (Zm21) (6.64 t. ha-1). Early selects on inbreds crossed to testers showed significant differences in kernel growth rate (KGR), kernel filling duration (KFD) and kernel weight. Values of KGR ranged between 3.2 - 3.5 g. plant-1. d-1, KFD between 35 – 38 d, and kernel weight between 228 – 294 mg. kernel-1. It was concluded that selection on maize inbred populations creates new variations in traits lead to higher grain yield hybrids. Other traits such as ear length, kernel. ear-1, and kernel weight could be good candidates for selection on inbreds that could help developing new high grain yield hybrids. VL - 3 IS - 3 ER -
Information
Email: