Hybrid Vigor, Heterosis, and Genetic Parameters in Maize by Diallel Cross Analysis

Kareema Mohamad Wuhiab; Banan Hassan Hadi; Wajeeha Abed Hassan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Hybrid Vigor, Heterosis, and Genetic Parameters in Maize by Diallel Cross Analysis

Kareema Mohamad Wuhiab, Banan Hassan Hadi, Wajeeha Abed Hassan

Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 4 October 2015 Accepted: 4 January 2016 Published: 21 January 2016

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Field Crop Sciences Department, College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad. Five maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines were tested for general and specific combining ability by using full diallel cross. Seed of inbred were planted in spring and fall season of 2013. In first season, seeds were planted, and at anthesis crossing between inbreds were done. In the fall season varietal trial for crosses and parents were conducted by using RCBD design with four replications to evaluate crosses and parents and to estimate some genetic parameters. Statistical analysis revealed high significant increases for all traits, ear height, leaves area, no of ears/plant, no. of grain/plant, grain weight, dry weight/plant and yield t/ ha. The genetic analysis showed that inbred 2 was superior and gave high grain yield (5.74 t/ha.), due to its high dry weight (207.82g/plant), and no. of grain /plant (704.49). In addition, it had positive GCA. The reciprocity cross 4×1 was superior and gave highest yield 6.98 t/ha. due to superiority in 100 grain weight (18.53g). It also had positive and higher hybrid vigor (45%) for grain yield, and positive effect of sca (1.56). All reciprocity crosses were higher than crosses; the highest one is 4 × 3, which gave 8.69 t/ha. All parent and crosses had had positive variance for yield, but all reciprocity crosses were negative. Mean square for SCA and RCA were more than GCA, and therefore the σ² GCA was less which made σ² A less than σ²D and σ² Dr, so σ² GCA / σ² SCA and σ² GCA / σ² RCA became less than one and the degree of dominance was more than one, making h² _n.s very little. Thus, the trait was governed by non-additive gene action. We can conclude that there is a possibility of using superior inbreds to produce hybrids or use selection for it and produce synthetic varieties.

Published in	International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11
Page(s)	1-11
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Full Diallel, Maize, Genetic Cytoplasmic, Degree of Dominance, GCA, SCA

References

[1]	Cruz, C. D. and R. Vencovsky. 1989. Comparison of some methods of diallel analysis. Revista Brasileir de Genética. Plant Breeding. 12: 425-438.
[2]	Alam, A. K. M. M., S.Ahmed, M. Begum and M. K. Sultan. 2008. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and its contributing characters in maize. Bangladesh J. Agri. Res. 33(3): 375-379.
[3]	Bello, O. B. and G. Olaoye.2009. Combining ability for maize grain yield and other agronomic characters in typical southern guinea savanna ecology of Nigeria. African J. Biotechnology. 8: 2518-2522.
[4]	Hallauer, A. R. and J. B. Miranda. 1981. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding. Iowa State Univ. Press Ames. USA.
[5]	Iqbal, A. M., F. A. Nehvi, S. A. Wani, R. Qadir and Z. A. Dar.2007. Combining ability analysis for yield and yield related traits in maize (Zea mays L.). Int. J. Plant Breed. Genet. 1: 101-105.
[6]	Mezmouk, S., R. H. Mumm and J. Ross-Ibarra.2014. Heterosis and genetic load investigated in parial diallel cross. Plant and Animal Genome XXII Conference (USA). P. 178.
[7]	Andrés- Meza, P., C. J. Lopez-Collado, M. Sierra-Macias, G. Lopez-Romero, O.R. Leyva-_Ovalle, A. Palafox- Caballero and F. A. Rodriguez-Montalvo.2011. Combining ability in maize lines using diallel cross. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems 13: 525-532.
[8]	Singh, R. K. and B. D. Chaudhary.1985. Biometrical Methods In Quantitative Genetic Analysis. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. India. pp. 318.
[9]	Griffing, B. 1956. Concepts of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing systems. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 9: 463-493.
[10]	Wuhaib, K. M. 2012. Testing introduced maize germplasm by line x tester method 1- Yield and yield components. The Iraqi J. of Agric. Sci. 43(1): 38-48.
[11]	Aliu S., S. Fetahu and A. Salillari. 2008. Estimation of heterosis and combining ability in maize (Zea mays L.) for ear weight using diallel-crossing method. Latvian J. of Agron. 11: 7-11.
[12]	Elbadawy, M. E. M. 2013.Heterosis and combining ability in maize using diallel crosses among seven new inbred lines. Asian J. of Crop Sci. 5: 1-13.
[13]	Akbar, M., M. Saleem, F. Muhammad, M. K. Ashraf and R. A. Ahmed.2008. Combining ability analysis in maize under normal and high temperature conditions. J. Agric. Res. 64: 27-38.
[14]	Vacaro, E., J. F. B. Netro, D. G. Pegoraro, C. N. Nuss, and L.D.H. Conccicao.2009. Combining ability of twelve maize populations. Sci. Elec. Library. 37(1): 1-4.
[15]	Jenweerawat. S., C. Aekatasanawan, P. Laosuwan and A. R. Hallauer. 2009. Inter population hybrid development in maize using modified reciprocal recurrent selection. Thi. J. of Agri. Sci. 42(3): 139-148.
[16]	Sedhom, A. S., M. E. M. El-Badawy, A. M. Morsy and A. A. A. El-Hosary. 2007. Diallel analysis and relationship between molecular polymorphisms and yellow maize hybrid performance. J. Agric. Sci. Benha Univ. 45: 1-10.
[17]	Alamnie, A, M. C. Wali, P. M. Salimath and R. C. Jagdeesha.2006. Combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and ear characters in maize. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 19: 13-16.
[18]	Elbadawy, M. E. M.2006. Genetically analysis of diallel crosses in maize (Zea mays L.) over two years. J. Agric. Sci. Benha Univ. 44: 911-922.
[19]	Dadheech, A. and V. N. Joshi.2007. Heterosis and combining ability for quality and yield in early maturing single cross hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.). Indian J. Agric. Res. 41: 210-214.
[20]	Baracat, A. A. and M. M. A. Osman. 2008. Evaluation of some newly developed yellow maize inbred lines for combining ability in two locations. J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ. 33: 4667-4679.
[21]	Irshad - Ul-Haq, M., S. U. Ajmal, M. Munir and M. Gulfaraz.2010. Gene action studies of different quantitative traits in maize. Pak. J. Bot. 42: 102-1030.
[22]	Hefny, M. 2010. Genetic control of flowering traits, yield and its components in maize (Zea mays L.) at different sowing dates. Asian J. Crop Sci. 2: 236-249.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Kareema Mohamad Wuhiab, Banan Hassan Hadi, Wajeeha Abed Hassan. (2016). Hybrid Vigor, Heterosis, and Genetic Parameters in Maize by Diallel Cross Analysis. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 2(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Kareema Mohamad Wuhiab; Banan Hassan Hadi; Wajeeha Abed Hassan. Hybrid Vigor, Heterosis, and Genetic Parameters in Maize by Diallel Cross Analysis. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2016, 2(1), 1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Kareema Mohamad Wuhiab, Banan Hassan Hadi, Wajeeha Abed Hassan. Hybrid Vigor, Heterosis, and Genetic Parameters in Maize by Diallel Cross Analysis. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2016;2(1):1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11,
  author = {Kareema Mohamad Wuhiab and Banan Hassan Hadi and Wajeeha Abed Hassan},
  title = {Hybrid Vigor, Heterosis, and Genetic Parameters in Maize by Diallel Cross Analysis},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-11},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20160201.11},
  abstract = {A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Field Crop Sciences Department, College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad. Five maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines were tested for general and specific combining ability by using full diallel cross. Seed of inbred were planted in spring and fall season of 2013. In first season, seeds were planted, and at anthesis crossing between inbreds were done. In the fall season varietal trial for crosses and parents were conducted by using RCBD design with four replications to evaluate crosses and parents and to estimate some genetic parameters. Statistical analysis revealed high significant increases for all traits, ear height, leaves area, no of ears/plant, no. of grain/plant, grain weight, dry weight/plant and yield t/ ha. The genetic analysis showed that inbred 2 was superior and gave high grain yield (5.74 t/ha.), due to its high dry weight (207.82g/plant), and no. of grain /plant (704.49). In addition, it had positive GCA. The reciprocity cross 4×1 was superior and gave highest yield 6.98 t/ha. due to superiority in 100 grain weight (18.53g). It also had positive and higher hybrid vigor (45%) for grain yield, and positive effect of sca (1.56). All reciprocity crosses were higher than crosses; the highest one is 4 × 3, which gave 8.69 t/ha. All parent and crosses had had positive variance for yield, but all reciprocity crosses were negative. Mean square for SCA and RCA were more than GCA, and therefore the σ2 GCA was less which made σ2 A less than σ2D and σ2 Dr, so σ2 GCA / σ2 SCA and σ2 GCA / σ2 RCA became less than one and the degree of dominance was more than one, making h2 n.s very little. Thus, the trait was governed by non-additive gene action. We can conclude that there is a possibility of using superior inbreds to produce hybrids or use selection for it and produce synthetic varieties.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Hybrid Vigor, Heterosis, and Genetic Parameters in Maize by Diallel Cross Analysis
AU - Kareema Mohamad Wuhiab
AU - Banan Hassan Hadi
AU - Wajeeha Abed Hassan
Y1 - 2016/01/21
PY - 2016
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11
T2 - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2469-7885
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11
AB - A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Field Crop Sciences Department, College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad. Five maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines were tested for general and specific combining ability by using full diallel cross. Seed of inbred were planted in spring and fall season of 2013. In first season, seeds were planted, and at anthesis crossing between inbreds were done. In the fall season varietal trial for crosses and parents were conducted by using RCBD design with four replications to evaluate crosses and parents and to estimate some genetic parameters. Statistical analysis revealed high significant increases for all traits, ear height, leaves area, no of ears/plant, no. of grain/plant, grain weight, dry weight/plant and yield t/ ha. The genetic analysis showed that inbred 2 was superior and gave high grain yield (5.74 t/ha.), due to its high dry weight (207.82g/plant), and no. of grain /plant (704.49). In addition, it had positive GCA. The reciprocity cross 4×1 was superior and gave highest yield 6.98 t/ha. due to superiority in 100 grain weight (18.53g). It also had positive and higher hybrid vigor (45%) for grain yield, and positive effect of sca (1.56). All reciprocity crosses were higher than crosses; the highest one is 4 × 3, which gave 8.69 t/ha. All parent and crosses had had positive variance for yield, but all reciprocity crosses were negative. Mean square for SCA and RCA were more than GCA, and therefore the σ2 GCA was less which made σ2 A less than σ2D and σ2 Dr, so σ2 GCA / σ2 SCA and σ2 GCA / σ2 RCA became less than one and the degree of dominance was more than one, making h2 n.s very little. Thus, the trait was governed by non-additive gene action. We can conclude that there is a possibility of using superior inbreds to produce hybrids or use selection for it and produce synthetic varieties.
VL - 2
IS - 1
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Kareema Mohamad Wuhiab

Department of Field Crops Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Banan Hassan Hadi

Department of Field Crops Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Wajeeha Abed Hassan

Department of Field Crops Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Kareema Mohamad Wuhiab, Banan Hassan Hadi, Wajeeha Abed Hassan. (2016). Hybrid Vigor, Heterosis, and Genetic Parameters in Maize by Diallel Cross Analysis. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 2(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Kareema Mohamad Wuhiab; Banan Hassan Hadi; Wajeeha Abed Hassan. Hybrid Vigor, Heterosis, and Genetic Parameters in Maize by Diallel Cross Analysis. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2016, 2(1), 1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Kareema Mohamad Wuhiab, Banan Hassan Hadi, Wajeeha Abed Hassan. Hybrid Vigor, Heterosis, and Genetic Parameters in Maize by Diallel Cross Analysis. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2016;2(1):1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11,
  author = {Kareema Mohamad Wuhiab and Banan Hassan Hadi and Wajeeha Abed Hassan},
  title = {Hybrid Vigor, Heterosis, and Genetic Parameters in Maize by Diallel Cross Analysis},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-11},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20160201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20160201.11},
  abstract = {A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Field Crop Sciences Department, College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad. Five maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines were tested for general and specific combining ability by using full diallel cross. Seed of inbred were planted in spring and fall season of 2013. In first season, seeds were planted, and at anthesis crossing between inbreds were done. In the fall season varietal trial for crosses and parents were conducted by using RCBD design with four replications to evaluate crosses and parents and to estimate some genetic parameters. Statistical analysis revealed high significant increases for all traits, ear height, leaves area, no of ears/plant, no. of grain/plant, grain weight, dry weight/plant and yield t/ ha. The genetic analysis showed that inbred 2 was superior and gave high grain yield (5.74 t/ha.), due to its high dry weight (207.82g/plant), and no. of grain /plant (704.49). In addition, it had positive GCA. The reciprocity cross 4×1 was superior and gave highest yield 6.98 t/ha. due to superiority in 100 grain weight (18.53g). It also had positive and higher hybrid vigor (45%) for grain yield, and positive effect of sca (1.56). All reciprocity crosses were higher than crosses; the highest one is 4 × 3, which gave 8.69 t/ha. All parent and crosses had had positive variance for yield, but all reciprocity crosses were negative. Mean square for SCA and RCA were more than GCA, and therefore the σ2 GCA was less which made σ2 A less than σ2D and σ2 Dr, so σ2 GCA / σ2 SCA and σ2 GCA / σ2 RCA became less than one and the degree of dominance was more than one, making h2 n.s very little. Thus, the trait was governed by non-additive gene action. We can conclude that there is a possibility of using superior inbreds to produce hybrids or use selection for it and produce synthetic varieties.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download