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The "Pharaonic Column" As Seen by the Pharaohs – (A Free Standing Architecture)

Received: 19 May 2018     Accepted: 4 June 2018     Published: 12 July 2018
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Abstract

Ancient Egyptians have left many examples of ruins and discovered buildings that clearly reveal their "Extensive" use of the column as an independent and free standing architecture. The research paper is an attempt for understanding how ancient Egyptians implemented the concept of the column beyond its common use as a structural element. The paper is investigating the implementation of the "Pharaonic" column as a free standing architecture in ancient Egyptian; religious, domestic, military, and administrative buildings. Also, in many of their standalone work of architecture like; avenues, courtyards/plazas, gates, and arcades. Although ancient Egyptians built arches and vaults to carry loads and ceilings; it seems from the examples investigated in this paper that using the column as a structural element was not their major concern at the first place. They were creating visual impressions reflecting the greatness and holiness of their kingdoms through using the "Pharaonic" column as a chief architectural element that does not need to be associated with a building. Unlike other ancient civilizations like the Roman, and Greek empires where columns were mainly used as structural elements, before being used as architectural elements for expressing their ruling power, or as decorative components.

Published in International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20180401.11
Page(s) 1-9
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pharaonic Columns, Egyptian Column, Ancient Columns, Column Architecture, Column Concept

References
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[2] "Architecture: Roman Columns" published in: Ancient Rome resource center, Retrieved: May 2018 from: http://www.empirerome.com/wordpress/?page_id=273
[3] "The columns of ancient Egypt - What is an Egyptian Column", by: Ask Aladdin, published: (2016). Retrieved March 2018 from:https://www.ask-aladdin.com/Egypt-Travel-Tips/columns-of-ancient-egypt.html
[4] "Column - Definition and More, from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", published: (2013), publisher: Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Archived from the original on 2013-10-04. Retrieved March 2018 from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/column
[5] "The Building of the US Supreme Court in Washington", published: September 2016, publisher: Voice of America, retrieved April 2018 from: https://www.golos-ameriki.ru/a/us-supreme-court/3489324.html
[6] "Egyptian columns", by: Miller Charles, published: (2016), retrieved April 2018 from: http://www.charlesmiller.co.uk/fla/architecture/
[7] "About Persian and Egyptian Types of Columns - Architectural Influences from Ancient Egypt and Persia", by: Craven Jackie, published: March 30, 2018, at "Thoughts Co", retrieved April 2018 from: https://www.thoughtco.com/persian-and-egyptian-columns-4092509
[8] "Ionic Entablature: Definition & Architecture", Art History, Lesson 2, Chapter 10, by: Przybylek Stephanie, published in (2018) at: Study.com, retrieved April 2018 from: https://study.com/academy/lesson/ionic-entablature-definition-architecture.html
[9] "Decoding the Measure of a Monument" - The Great Pyramid of Giza, by: Eckhart Schmitz, published: (2011). Retrieved April 2018 from: http://thegreatpyramidofgiza.ca/@Giza$Cross%20section%20of%20The%20Great%20Pyramid$.shtml
[10] "Great Hypostyle Hall" in the Precinct of "Amon-Re" at the "Karnak" temple, by: Markh, published: 19 November 2005, in Wikimedia Commons repository, retrieved: April 2018 from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Temple_of_amun_karnak.jpg
[11] "This Really Old House: Domestic Architecture of Ancient Egypt", by: McQuinn Zoe, published (2018), in "Academia.edu", retrieved April 2018 from: http://www.academia.edu/9733208/This_Really_Old_House_Domestic_Architecture_of_Ancient_Egypt
[12] "History of Egyptian Architecture - the first intermediate period, the middle kingdom, and the second intermediate period", 'Among the 100 books national project - Towards contemporary cultural awareness - The historical cultural series - Book 32'. Vol. 2, P242, by: Badawy Alexandar, published: (2003),publisher: University of California press, Berkley, Los Angeles, ISBN: 477-305-365-2, Retrieved: April, 2018.
[13] "History of Egyptian Architecture", 'Among the 100 books national project - Towards contemporary cultural awareness - The historical cultural series - Book 15'. Vol. 1, P48, by: Badawy, Alexandar, published: 1988-7252, ISBN: 977-1585-19-3, Retrieved: April, 2018.
[14] "Early Egyptian silos", by: Watts Emma, published September 6, 2008, in World Archeology, retrieved April 2018 from: https://www.world-archaeology.com/world/africa/egypt/early-egyptian-silos/
[15] "Karnak Temple", by: Drake Paul, published 2014, in "Mummies2pyramids", retrieved April 2018 from: http://www.mummies2pyramids.info/pictures/pictures-of-karnak-temple.html
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[17] "Figures of Osiris at inner court pillars - Funerary temple of Ramses II 'Ramesseum', Valley of the kings", by: UNESCO World Heritage List, published June 23 2008 at "Getty image", retrieved April 2018 from:https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/egypt-ancient-thebes-valley-of-the-kings-funerary-temple-of-news-photo/89162037#/egypt-ancient-thebes-valley-of-the-kings-funerary-temple-of-ramses-ii-picture-id89162037
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  • APA Style

    Yasser Osman El-Gammal, Sanaa Ibrahim AbdEl-Maksud. (2018). The "Pharaonic Column" As Seen by the Pharaohs – (A Free Standing Architecture). International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications, 4(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20180401.11

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    ACS Style

    Yasser Osman El-Gammal; Sanaa Ibrahim AbdEl-Maksud. The "Pharaonic Column" As Seen by the Pharaohs – (A Free Standing Architecture). Int. J. Archit. Arts Appl. 2018, 4(1), 1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20180401.11

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    AMA Style

    Yasser Osman El-Gammal, Sanaa Ibrahim AbdEl-Maksud. The "Pharaonic Column" As Seen by the Pharaohs – (A Free Standing Architecture). Int J Archit Arts Appl. 2018;4(1):1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20180401.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijaaa.20180401.11,
      author = {Yasser Osman El-Gammal and Sanaa Ibrahim AbdEl-Maksud},
      title = {The "Pharaonic Column" As Seen by the Pharaohs – (A Free Standing Architecture)},
      journal = {International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications},
      volume = {4},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-9},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijaaa.20180401.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20180401.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaaa.20180401.11},
      abstract = {Ancient Egyptians have left many examples of ruins and discovered buildings that clearly reveal their "Extensive" use of the column as an independent and free standing architecture. The research paper is an attempt for understanding how ancient Egyptians implemented the concept of the column beyond its common use as a structural element. The paper is investigating the implementation of the "Pharaonic" column as a free standing architecture in ancient Egyptian; religious, domestic, military, and administrative buildings. Also, in many of their standalone work of architecture like; avenues, courtyards/plazas, gates, and arcades. Although ancient Egyptians built arches and vaults to carry loads and ceilings; it seems from the examples investigated in this paper that using the column as a structural element was not their major concern at the first place. They were creating visual impressions reflecting the greatness and holiness of their kingdoms through using the "Pharaonic" column as a chief architectural element that does not need to be associated with a building. Unlike other ancient civilizations like the Roman, and Greek empires where columns were mainly used as structural elements, before being used as architectural elements for expressing their ruling power, or as decorative components.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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    AU  - Yasser Osman El-Gammal
    AU  - Sanaa Ibrahim AbdEl-Maksud
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20180401.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20180401.11
    T2  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
    JF  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
    JO  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20180401.11
    AB  - Ancient Egyptians have left many examples of ruins and discovered buildings that clearly reveal their "Extensive" use of the column as an independent and free standing architecture. The research paper is an attempt for understanding how ancient Egyptians implemented the concept of the column beyond its common use as a structural element. The paper is investigating the implementation of the "Pharaonic" column as a free standing architecture in ancient Egyptian; religious, domestic, military, and administrative buildings. Also, in many of their standalone work of architecture like; avenues, courtyards/plazas, gates, and arcades. Although ancient Egyptians built arches and vaults to carry loads and ceilings; it seems from the examples investigated in this paper that using the column as a structural element was not their major concern at the first place. They were creating visual impressions reflecting the greatness and holiness of their kingdoms through using the "Pharaonic" column as a chief architectural element that does not need to be associated with a building. Unlike other ancient civilizations like the Roman, and Greek empires where columns were mainly used as structural elements, before being used as architectural elements for expressing their ruling power, or as decorative components.
    VL  - 4
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Author Information
  • Permanent Faculty at the Architectural Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zakazik University, Sharkeya, Egypt

  • Permanent Faculty at the Architectural Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zakazik University, Sharkeya, Egypt

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