Language Use in American Institutions in Chad: A Case of ExxonMobil and Equal Access International

Ndoubangar Tompte; Michael Etuge Apuge

doi:doi:10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12

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Language Use in American Institutions in Chad: A Case of ExxonMobil and Equal Access International

Ndoubangar Tompte, Michael Etuge Apuge

Published in Humanities and Social Sciences (Volume 11, Issue 1)

Received: 16 July 2022 Accepted: 5 August 2022 Published: 30 January 2023

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Abstract

The study of language use in multicultural setting has interested many researchers around the world several years back. This study focuses language use in American institutions in Chad where English coexists with French and Arabic, the official languages. A three-part questionnaire and interviews served the data collection on the uses of coexisting languages in the workplace domains. Results have shown that English, a foreign language only used in secondary schools and in some universities in Chad is progressively conquering the work and education domains of language use in the selected American institutions. The uses of English are expanding as the demand for better jobs with English run companies is growing every day in the country where French and Arabic are supposed to dominate. At all the three levels of the workplace divisions namely, administrative level, general services level or security level, French and Arabic are challenged by the users of English. Local workers with zero-English have a good perception of English and they are making efforts to learn it through practice and learning centres. The results could imply that American institutions are becoming a vector for the expansion of English in all the domains of language use.

Published in	Humanities and Social Sciences (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12
Page(s)	7-12
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Language Use, Chad, American Institutions, Workplace, Perception, Attitude

References

[1]	Anderson, L. (2008). Developmental Expectations of English: Focus on Chad. Unpublished M A Dissertation, School for International Training, Brattleboro, Vermont.
[2]	Angouri, J. (2013). The multilingual reality of the multinational workplace: Language policy and language use. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 34; 564-581.
[3]	Bejaoui (2018), “Tunisians attitudes towards English and its use in the Tunisian context.
[4]	Collelo, T. (1990). Chad: a country study. Library of congress. Federal research Division. Washington DC.
[5]	Fishman, J. A. (1972b). Domains and the relationship between Micro- and Macro sociolinguistics. In John J. Gumperz & Dell Hymes (eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics. The ethnography of communication, 435–453. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
[6]	Fishman, J. A. (1965). Who speaks what language to whom and when? In Li Wei (ed.), The bilingualism reader 2007, 55–70. New York: Routledge.
[7]	Gong, Yang Frank, et al. (2021). Language practice in the multilingual workplace: A Confucius Institute in Macau. Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación 86, 43-54, http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/clac. 75494.
[8]	Green, C. and Evans, S. (2000). A survey of language use in professional workplace in Hong Kong. Hong kong journal of applied linguistics, 5 (2), pp. 60-82.
[9]	Gunnarsson, B. (2013). Multilingualism in the workplace. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 33, 162-189. doi: 10.1017/S0267190513000123.
[10]	Gunnarsson, B. (2012). Multilingualism at work. In C. A. Chapelle (ed.), The encyclopaedia of applied linguistics. New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing. doi: 10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0807.
[11]	Hiss, F. (2017). Workplace multilingualism in shifting context: a historical case. Language and society, 45 (6) pp. 697-718.
[12]	INSEED, (2013), Institut Nationale des Statistiques, des Études Économiques et Démographiques. https://www.inseed.td/index.php/generalites-sur-le-tchad
[13]	Kouega, JP. (2002). Uses of English in Southern British Cameroons. English Worldwide, V. 23 (1); 93-113.
[14]	Tchadinfos, (2018). https://tchadinfos.com/tchad/tchad-organisation-administrative-23-provinces-95-departements-et-365-communes
[15]	Safotso, G. T. & Ndoubangar, T. (2018). Attitudes and Motivation of Chadian Learners of English World Journal of Education Vol. 8, No. 2; sciedupress.com.

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Ndoubangar Tompte, Michael Etuge Apuge. (2023). Language Use in American Institutions in Chad: A Case of ExxonMobil and Equal Access International. Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(1), 7-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12

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Ndoubangar Tompte; Michael Etuge Apuge. Language Use in American Institutions in Chad: A Case of ExxonMobil and Equal Access International. Humanit. Soc. Sci. 2023, 11(1), 7-12. doi: 10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12

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Ndoubangar Tompte, Michael Etuge Apuge. Language Use in American Institutions in Chad: A Case of ExxonMobil and Equal Access International. Humanit Soc Sci. 2023;11(1):7-12. doi: 10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12

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@article{10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12,
  author = {Ndoubangar Tompte and Michael Etuge Apuge},
  title = {Language Use in American Institutions in Chad: A Case of ExxonMobil and Equal Access International},
  journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7-12},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hss.20231101.12},
  abstract = {The study of language use in multicultural setting has interested many researchers around the world several years back. This study focuses language use in American institutions in Chad where English coexists with French and Arabic, the official languages. A three-part questionnaire and interviews served the data collection on the uses of coexisting languages in the workplace domains. Results have shown that English, a foreign language only used in secondary schools and in some universities in Chad is progressively conquering the work and education domains of language use in the selected American institutions. The uses of English are expanding as the demand for better jobs with English run companies is growing every day in the country where French and Arabic are supposed to dominate. At all the three levels of the workplace divisions namely, administrative level, general services level or security level, French and Arabic are challenged by the users of English. Local workers with zero-English have a good perception of English and they are making efforts to learn it through practice and learning centres. The results could imply that American institutions are becoming a vector for the expansion of English in all the domains of language use.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Language Use in American Institutions in Chad: A Case of ExxonMobil and Equal Access International
AU  - Ndoubangar Tompte
AU  - Michael Etuge Apuge
Y1  - 2023/01/30
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AB  - The study of language use in multicultural setting has interested many researchers around the world several years back. This study focuses language use in American institutions in Chad where English coexists with French and Arabic, the official languages. A three-part questionnaire and interviews served the data collection on the uses of coexisting languages in the workplace domains. Results have shown that English, a foreign language only used in secondary schools and in some universities in Chad is progressively conquering the work and education domains of language use in the selected American institutions. The uses of English are expanding as the demand for better jobs with English run companies is growing every day in the country where French and Arabic are supposed to dominate. At all the three levels of the workplace divisions namely, administrative level, general services level or security level, French and Arabic are challenged by the users of English. Local workers with zero-English have a good perception of English and they are making efforts to learn it through practice and learning centres. The results could imply that American institutions are becoming a vector for the expansion of English in all the domains of language use.
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Ndoubangar Tompte

Department of English Language and Literature, University of Doba, Doba, Chad
Michael Etuge Apuge

Department of Bilingual Letters Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroun

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Ndoubangar Tompte, Michael Etuge Apuge. (2023). Language Use in American Institutions in Chad: A Case of ExxonMobil and Equal Access International. Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(1), 7-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12

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ACS Style

Ndoubangar Tompte; Michael Etuge Apuge. Language Use in American Institutions in Chad: A Case of ExxonMobil and Equal Access International. Humanit. Soc. Sci. 2023, 11(1), 7-12. doi: 10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12

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AMA Style

Ndoubangar Tompte, Michael Etuge Apuge. Language Use in American Institutions in Chad: A Case of ExxonMobil and Equal Access International. Humanit Soc Sci. 2023;11(1):7-12. doi: 10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12

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@article{10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12,
  author = {Ndoubangar Tompte and Michael Etuge Apuge},
  title = {Language Use in American Institutions in Chad: A Case of ExxonMobil and Equal Access International},
  journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7-12},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hss.20231101.12},
  abstract = {The study of language use in multicultural setting has interested many researchers around the world several years back. This study focuses language use in American institutions in Chad where English coexists with French and Arabic, the official languages. A three-part questionnaire and interviews served the data collection on the uses of coexisting languages in the workplace domains. Results have shown that English, a foreign language only used in secondary schools and in some universities in Chad is progressively conquering the work and education domains of language use in the selected American institutions. The uses of English are expanding as the demand for better jobs with English run companies is growing every day in the country where French and Arabic are supposed to dominate. At all the three levels of the workplace divisions namely, administrative level, general services level or security level, French and Arabic are challenged by the users of English. Local workers with zero-English have a good perception of English and they are making efforts to learn it through practice and learning centres. The results could imply that American institutions are becoming a vector for the expansion of English in all the domains of language use.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Language Use in American Institutions in Chad: A Case of ExxonMobil and Equal Access International
AU  - Ndoubangar Tompte
AU  - Michael Etuge Apuge
Y1  - 2023/01/30
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12
T2  - Humanities and Social Sciences
JF  - Humanities and Social Sciences
JO  - Humanities and Social Sciences
SP  - 7
EP  - 12
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8184
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20231101.12
AB  - The study of language use in multicultural setting has interested many researchers around the world several years back. This study focuses language use in American institutions in Chad where English coexists with French and Arabic, the official languages. A three-part questionnaire and interviews served the data collection on the uses of coexisting languages in the workplace domains. Results have shown that English, a foreign language only used in secondary schools and in some universities in Chad is progressively conquering the work and education domains of language use in the selected American institutions. The uses of English are expanding as the demand for better jobs with English run companies is growing every day in the country where French and Arabic are supposed to dominate. At all the three levels of the workplace divisions namely, administrative level, general services level or security level, French and Arabic are challenged by the users of English. Local workers with zero-English have a good perception of English and they are making efforts to learn it through practice and learning centres. The results could imply that American institutions are becoming a vector for the expansion of English in all the domains of language use.
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download