| Peer-Reviewed

Morocco and Transition to Democracy: The Enduring Struggle

Received: 27 April 2019     Accepted: 4 June 2019     Published: 25 November 2019
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The occurrence of the dual unforgettable incidents namely ‘Cold War’ between the two superpowers, the United States and the former United Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) and fall of the Berlin Wall, Moroccan authorities consolidated what could be seen as “fundamental background” of the democratization process. With the help of modernity, Moroccan monarchy has been able to incrementally install a systematic equilibrium that could match the contemporarily modern democratic style. The authorities, however, focus on political and civic organizations. The flexible nature of this nation coupled with absolute amenable behaviour to embrace democracy as a new style very much help in keeping the kingship system on the stance at least for now and time to come. This has become clear during the popular political revolts of 2011 when Moroccans in large numbers demanded modifications and changes instead of toppling down the ancient system at whole. Islam reached Morocco somewhere during the first century of the Hijra (migration), and since that time, the kingship remains the style of leadership in the country until today.

Published in History Research (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.history.20190702.15
Page(s) 56-64
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Democratization Process, Moroccan Regime, Reforms, Hassan II Era, Roles of King Muhammad VI

References
[1] Held, David. (2006), Models of Democracy, Chicago: Stanford University Press.
[2] Dworkin, R. M (1999), Freedom’s Law: The Moral Reading of the American Constitution, London: Oxford University Press.
[3] Huntington, S. P. (1991), The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
[4] Rustow, Dankwart A (1973), “Transition to Democracy Toward a Dynamic Model”, Journal of Comparative Politics, Vol. 2 (3): pp 337-363.
[5] Storm L (2007), Democratization in Morocco: The Political Elite and Struggles for Power in the Post-independence State, New York: Rutledge.
[6] Arieff A (2013), “Morocco: Current Issue”, [Online: web] Accessed 9 December 2011 URL: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS21579.pdf
[7] Laskier, Machael M (2003), “A Difficult Inheritance: Moroccan Society Under King Muhammad VI”, Middle East Review of International Affairs, 7 (03): 15-16.
[8] Ottaway M, Riley M (2006), Morocco: From Top-down Reform to Democratic Transition, Carnegie Paper No. 71, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D. C.
[9] Guilain, Denoeux, Rhys P (2003), “Democracy and Governance Assessment of Morocco”, [Online: web] Accessed 20 May 2011 URL: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNACX727.pdf
[10] Žvan K (2007), The Politics of the Reform of the New Family Law (the Moudawana), Ph.D. Thesis, London: University of Oxford.
[11] Campbell, Patricia J (2003), “Morocco in Transition: Overcoming the Democratic and Human Rights Legacy of King Hassan II”, African Studies Quarterly, 7 (1): 41.
[12] Afrol News (2002), “The Morocco’s Royal Wedding, Breaks without Traditions”, [Online: web] Accessed 28 December 2011 URL: http://www.afrol.com/News2002/mor005_royal_wedding.htm
[13] Jehl, Douglas (1999), “In Morocco, too, a Young King for a New Generation”, The New York Times, NY, 27 July, 1999.
[14] Whitney, Craig R (1999), “Popular New King Has a Goal: A Modern Morocco”, The New York Times, New York, 12, November 1999.
[15] Colombo S (2011), “Morocco at the Crossroads: Seizing the Window of Opportunity for Sustainable Development”, [Online: web] Accessed 26 December 2011 URL: www.ceps.be/ceps/download/5490
[16] Zisenwine D (2011), “The Emergence of Nationalist Politics in Morocco: The Rise of the Independence Party and the Struggle Against Colonialism After World War II”, African Studies Quarterly, 12 (4): 104.
[17] Zerhouni S (2004), “Morocco: Reconciling Continuity and Change”, in Volker Perthes (eds.) Arab Elites: Negotiating the Politics of Change, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ghazali Bello Abubakar. (2019). Morocco and Transition to Democracy: The Enduring Struggle. History Research, 7(2), 56-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.history.20190702.15

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Ghazali Bello Abubakar. Morocco and Transition to Democracy: The Enduring Struggle. Hist. Res. 2019, 7(2), 56-64. doi: 10.11648/j.history.20190702.15

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Ghazali Bello Abubakar. Morocco and Transition to Democracy: The Enduring Struggle. Hist Res. 2019;7(2):56-64. doi: 10.11648/j.history.20190702.15

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.history.20190702.15,
      author = {Ghazali Bello Abubakar},
      title = {Morocco and Transition to Democracy: The Enduring Struggle},
      journal = {History Research},
      volume = {7},
      number = {2},
      pages = {56-64},
      doi = {10.11648/j.history.20190702.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.history.20190702.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.history.20190702.15},
      abstract = {The occurrence of the dual unforgettable incidents namely ‘Cold War’ between the two superpowers, the United States and the former United Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) and fall of the Berlin Wall, Moroccan authorities consolidated what could be seen as “fundamental background” of the democratization process. With the help of modernity, Moroccan monarchy has been able to incrementally install a systematic equilibrium that could match the contemporarily modern democratic style. The authorities, however, focus on political and civic organizations. The flexible nature of this nation coupled with absolute amenable behaviour to embrace democracy as a new style very much help in keeping the kingship system on the stance at least for now and time to come. This has become clear during the popular political revolts of 2011 when Moroccans in large numbers demanded modifications and changes instead of toppling down the ancient system at whole. Islam reached Morocco somewhere during the first century of the Hijra (migration), and since that time, the kingship remains the style of leadership in the country until today.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Morocco and Transition to Democracy: The Enduring Struggle
    AU  - Ghazali Bello Abubakar
    Y1  - 2019/11/25
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.history.20190702.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.history.20190702.15
    T2  - History Research
    JF  - History Research
    JO  - History Research
    SP  - 56
    EP  - 64
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-6719
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.history.20190702.15
    AB  - The occurrence of the dual unforgettable incidents namely ‘Cold War’ between the two superpowers, the United States and the former United Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) and fall of the Berlin Wall, Moroccan authorities consolidated what could be seen as “fundamental background” of the democratization process. With the help of modernity, Moroccan monarchy has been able to incrementally install a systematic equilibrium that could match the contemporarily modern democratic style. The authorities, however, focus on political and civic organizations. The flexible nature of this nation coupled with absolute amenable behaviour to embrace democracy as a new style very much help in keeping the kingship system on the stance at least for now and time to come. This has become clear during the popular political revolts of 2011 when Moroccans in large numbers demanded modifications and changes instead of toppling down the ancient system at whole. Islam reached Morocco somewhere during the first century of the Hijra (migration), and since that time, the kingship remains the style of leadership in the country until today.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Political Science, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria

  • Sections