Leukoaraiosis in a 54 Year Old Nigerian Male: A Case Report

Edeh Samuel; Okafor Umezurike; Fintan Ekochin; Nwafor Samuel

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15

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Leukoaraiosis in a 54 Year Old Nigerian Male: A Case Report

Edeh Samuel, Okafor Umezurike, Fintan Ekochin, Nwafor Samuel

Published in European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 5)

Received: 17 August 2020 Accepted: 31 August 2020 Published: 23 September 2020

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Abstract

Background: Leukoaraiosis is a chronic atherosclerotic disease with an abnormal periventricular and cerebral white matter disease. Hypertension and old age were reported as the most-important risk factor for leukoaraiosis. Other risk factors like diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, hyperlipidaemia, tobacco use, alcohol abuse and chronic kidney disease has been reported. The aim of this case report is to highlight leukoaraiosis in a 54 year old Nigerian who presented with neurological manifestation. Case information: we report a case of a 54 year old male with long standing hypertension presenting with features of leukoaraiosis. Result: the diagnosis was confirmed with MRI which revealed scattered nodular white matter T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities in the cerebral cortices with fluid restriction on diffusion weighted imaging. Conclusion: detailed identification and control of risk factors are the main stay of treatment for leukoaraiosis. Hypertension was managed via proper education on dietary and life style modifications, medications and regular follow-up in clinics.

Published in	European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15
Page(s)	100-103
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Leukoaraiosis, Old Age, Hypertension, Inflammation, Brain MRI, Antihypertensive Drugs

References

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[3]	Hachinski, VC; Potter, P; Merskey, H (1986). "Leuko-araiosis: An ancient term for a new problem.”The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 13 (4 Suppl): 533–34.
[4]	Hachinski, V. C.; Potter, P.; Merskey, H. (1987). "Leuko-Araiosis". Archives of Neurology, 44 (1): 21–23.
[5]	Helenius J, Tatlisumak T. Treatment of leukoaraiosis: a futuristic view. Current Drug Targets, 2007; 8: 839–845.
[6]	Cadelo M, Inzitari D, Pracucci G, Mascalchi M. Predictors of leukoaraiosis in elderly neurological patients. Cerebrovasc Dis. 1991; 1: 345-351.
[7]	Mijajlović MD, Pavlović AM, Mirković MM, Šternić N. Connection between leukoaraiosis and ischemic stroke. Curr Top Neurol Psychiatr Relat Discip. 2011; 19: 41–47.
[8]	Chen-Yi Wu, Hsiao-Yun Hu, Chung-Pin Li. High Blood Pressure and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortalities in Community-Dwelling older Adults. 2015 Nov; 94 (47): e2160.
[9]	Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2013; 31: 1281–1357.
[10]	Go AS, Bauman MA, Coleman King SM. An effective approach to high blood pressure control: a science advisory from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hypertension 2014; 63: 878–885.
[11]	Weber MA, Schiffrin EL, White WB. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertension in the community: a statement by the American Society of Hypertension and the International Society of Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2014; 16: 14–26.
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[13]	L. Pantoni and J. H. Garcia, “The significance of cerebral white matter abnormalities 100 years after Binswanger's report: a review,” Stroke, vol. 26, no. 7, pp. 1293–1301, 1995.
[14]	D. Liao, L. Cooper, J. Cai et al., “presence and severity of cerebral white matter lesion and hypertension, its treatment and control, The ARIC study,” stroke, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 2262-2270, 1996.
[15]	C Dufouil, Chalmers, O. Coskun et al. Effect of blood pressure lowering in cerebral white matter hyperintensities in patient with stroke. The PROGRESS magnetic resonance imaging substudy, circulation, vol. 112, no. 11, pp. 1644-1650, 2005.
[16]	Lammie GA. Hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease and stroke. Brain pathol. 2002; 12: 358-370.

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APA Style

Edeh Samuel, Okafor Umezurike, Fintan Ekochin, Nwafor Samuel. (2020). Leukoaraiosis in a 54 Year Old Nigerian Male: A Case Report. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 6(5), 100-103. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15

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ACS Style

Edeh Samuel; Okafor Umezurike; Fintan Ekochin; Nwafor Samuel. Leukoaraiosis in a 54 Year Old Nigerian Male: A Case Report. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2020, 6(5), 100-103. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15

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AMA Style

Edeh Samuel, Okafor Umezurike, Fintan Ekochin, Nwafor Samuel. Leukoaraiosis in a 54 Year Old Nigerian Male: A Case Report. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2020;6(5):100-103. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15,
  author = {Edeh Samuel and Okafor Umezurike and Fintan Ekochin and Nwafor Samuel},
  title = {Leukoaraiosis in a 54 Year Old Nigerian Male: A Case Report},
  journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {100-103},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20200605.15},
  abstract = {Background: Leukoaraiosis is a chronic atherosclerotic disease with an abnormal periventricular and cerebral white matter disease. Hypertension and old age were reported as the most-important risk factor for leukoaraiosis. Other risk factors like diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, hyperlipidaemia, tobacco use, alcohol abuse and chronic kidney disease has been reported. The aim of this case report is to highlight leukoaraiosis in a 54 year old Nigerian who presented with neurological manifestation. Case information: we report a case of a 54 year old male with long standing hypertension presenting with features of leukoaraiosis. Result: the diagnosis was confirmed with MRI which revealed scattered nodular white matter T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities in the cerebral cortices with fluid restriction on diffusion weighted imaging. Conclusion: detailed identification and control of risk factors are the main stay of treatment for leukoaraiosis. Hypertension was managed via proper education on dietary and life style modifications, medications and regular follow-up in clinics.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Leukoaraiosis in a 54 Year Old Nigerian Male: A Case Report
AU  - Edeh Samuel
AU  - Okafor Umezurike
AU  - Fintan Ekochin
AU  - Nwafor Samuel
Y1  - 2020/09/23
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15
T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 100
EP  - 103
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15
AB  - Background: Leukoaraiosis is a chronic atherosclerotic disease with an abnormal periventricular and cerebral white matter disease. Hypertension and old age were reported as the most-important risk factor for leukoaraiosis. Other risk factors like diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, hyperlipidaemia, tobacco use, alcohol abuse and chronic kidney disease has been reported. The aim of this case report is to highlight leukoaraiosis in a 54 year old Nigerian who presented with neurological manifestation. Case information: we report a case of a 54 year old male with long standing hypertension presenting with features of leukoaraiosis. Result: the diagnosis was confirmed with MRI which revealed scattered nodular white matter T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities in the cerebral cortices with fluid restriction on diffusion weighted imaging. Conclusion: detailed identification and control of risk factors are the main stay of treatment for leukoaraiosis. Hypertension was managed via proper education on dietary and life style modifications, medications and regular follow-up in clinics.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Edeh Samuel

Department of Internal Medicine, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
Okafor Umezurike

Department of Internal Medicine, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
Fintan Ekochin

Department of Internal Medicine, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
Nwafor Samuel

Department of Internal Medicine, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Edeh Samuel, Okafor Umezurike, Fintan Ekochin, Nwafor Samuel. (2020). Leukoaraiosis in a 54 Year Old Nigerian Male: A Case Report. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 6(5), 100-103. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15

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ACS Style

Edeh Samuel; Okafor Umezurike; Fintan Ekochin; Nwafor Samuel. Leukoaraiosis in a 54 Year Old Nigerian Male: A Case Report. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2020, 6(5), 100-103. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15

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AMA Style

Edeh Samuel, Okafor Umezurike, Fintan Ekochin, Nwafor Samuel. Leukoaraiosis in a 54 Year Old Nigerian Male: A Case Report. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2020;6(5):100-103. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15,
  author = {Edeh Samuel and Okafor Umezurike and Fintan Ekochin and Nwafor Samuel},
  title = {Leukoaraiosis in a 54 Year Old Nigerian Male: A Case Report},
  journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {100-103},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20200605.15},
  abstract = {Background: Leukoaraiosis is a chronic atherosclerotic disease with an abnormal periventricular and cerebral white matter disease. Hypertension and old age were reported as the most-important risk factor for leukoaraiosis. Other risk factors like diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, hyperlipidaemia, tobacco use, alcohol abuse and chronic kidney disease has been reported. The aim of this case report is to highlight leukoaraiosis in a 54 year old Nigerian who presented with neurological manifestation. Case information: we report a case of a 54 year old male with long standing hypertension presenting with features of leukoaraiosis. Result: the diagnosis was confirmed with MRI which revealed scattered nodular white matter T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities in the cerebral cortices with fluid restriction on diffusion weighted imaging. Conclusion: detailed identification and control of risk factors are the main stay of treatment for leukoaraiosis. Hypertension was managed via proper education on dietary and life style modifications, medications and regular follow-up in clinics.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Leukoaraiosis in a 54 Year Old Nigerian Male: A Case Report
AU  - Edeh Samuel
AU  - Okafor Umezurike
AU  - Fintan Ekochin
AU  - Nwafor Samuel
Y1  - 2020/09/23
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15
T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 100
EP  - 103
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.15
AB  - Background: Leukoaraiosis is a chronic atherosclerotic disease with an abnormal periventricular and cerebral white matter disease. Hypertension and old age were reported as the most-important risk factor for leukoaraiosis. Other risk factors like diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, hyperlipidaemia, tobacco use, alcohol abuse and chronic kidney disease has been reported. The aim of this case report is to highlight leukoaraiosis in a 54 year old Nigerian who presented with neurological manifestation. Case information: we report a case of a 54 year old male with long standing hypertension presenting with features of leukoaraiosis. Result: the diagnosis was confirmed with MRI which revealed scattered nodular white matter T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities in the cerebral cortices with fluid restriction on diffusion weighted imaging. Conclusion: detailed identification and control of risk factors are the main stay of treatment for leukoaraiosis. Hypertension was managed via proper education on dietary and life style modifications, medications and regular follow-up in clinics.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

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