@article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.11,
  author = {Claude Nangwat and Aude Ngueguim Dougue and Cyrille Levis Kountchou and Alfred Itor Ekpo and Thierry Kammalac Ngouana and Jean Paul Dzoyem and Christopher Bonglavnyuy Tume},
  title = {Non Detection of Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis Among Candida glabrata Sensu Lato Isolates in the West Region of Cameroon},
  journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {71-77},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20200605.11},
  abstract = {No study in Cameroon has been undertaken to check for the presence of the cryptic species belonging to the Candida glabrata complex, which have varying antifungal susceptibility profiles. In this regard, we analyzed a collection of 54 clinical isolates of C. glabrata sensu lato obtained from 1551 samples of 490 participants. These participants included 80 diabetic patients, 323 HIV-infected subjects, 73 pregnant women and 14 of some other patients who had none of the aforementioned conditions. Our study aimed at identifying Candida glabrata cryptic species among clinical isolates of Candida glabrata sensu lato from the West region of Cameroon and to evaluate their susceptibility pattern to some antifungals. Conventional tests such as culture on CHROMagar™ Candida, germ tube formation and chlamydospore formation tests were used for the 1st line identification of our isolates, while the matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation – time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) was used for second line identification and confirmation of identifications. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Ketoconazole (Sigma Aldrich, China), Nystatine (Sigma Aldrich, China), Amphotericin B (Dominique Dutscher), Itraconozole (Sigma Aldrich, China), Voriconazole (Acros organics, China), and Clotrimazole (Acros organics, China) vis-à-vis 43 isolates, were determined according to the protocol proposed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3 and M27-S4, with slight modifications. Of the 54 isolates, none was identified as C. nivariensis or C. bracarensis by MALDI-TOF, all the 54 (100%) isolates were confirmed to be C. glabrata stricto sensu. CLO (MIC range: 0.25 - >4 µg/mL) was most resisted by our isolates (95.35%), while 32.56% were resistant to KET (range of MICs: 0.03 - >4 µg/mL). On the other hand, ECVs showed that AMB (MIC range: 0.03 - 4 µg/mL) and ICZ (MIC range: 0.25 - 4 µg/mL) had very good activities against our isolates, as 81.4% of the isolates were wild type for both antifungals. On the other hand, VOR (range of MICs: 0.125 - >4 µg/mL) showed a poor activity, as most of our isolates (93.02%) were non-wild type for the antifungal. The number of isolates used in this study was not enough to conclude that C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis isolates are absent in the West Region or other parts of Cameroon, so we recommend that more of such studies be carried out in Cameroon, as this could help detect the presence of any of these emerging species with varying antifungal susceptibility profiles.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Non Detection of Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis Among Candida glabrata Sensu Lato Isolates in the West Region of Cameroon
AU  - Claude Nangwat
AU  - Aude Ngueguim Dougue
AU  - Cyrille Levis Kountchou
AU  - Alfred Itor Ekpo
AU  - Thierry Kammalac Ngouana
AU  - Jean Paul Dzoyem
AU  - Christopher Bonglavnyuy Tume
Y1  - 2020/09/07
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.11
T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 71
EP  - 77
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200605.11
AB  - No study in Cameroon has been undertaken to check for the presence of the cryptic species belonging to the Candida glabrata complex, which have varying antifungal susceptibility profiles. In this regard, we analyzed a collection of 54 clinical isolates of C. glabrata sensu lato obtained from 1551 samples of 490 participants. These participants included 80 diabetic patients, 323 HIV-infected subjects, 73 pregnant women and 14 of some other patients who had none of the aforementioned conditions. Our study aimed at identifying Candida glabrata cryptic species among clinical isolates of Candida glabrata sensu lato from the West region of Cameroon and to evaluate their susceptibility pattern to some antifungals. Conventional tests such as culture on CHROMagar™ Candida, germ tube formation and chlamydospore formation tests were used for the 1st line identification of our isolates, while the matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation – time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) was used for second line identification and confirmation of identifications. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Ketoconazole (Sigma Aldrich, China), Nystatine (Sigma Aldrich, China), Amphotericin B (Dominique Dutscher), Itraconozole (Sigma Aldrich, China), Voriconazole (Acros organics, China), and Clotrimazole (Acros organics, China) vis-à-vis 43 isolates, were determined according to the protocol proposed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3 and M27-S4, with slight modifications. Of the 54 isolates, none was identified as C. nivariensis or C. bracarensis by MALDI-TOF, all the 54 (100%) isolates were confirmed to be C. glabrata stricto sensu. CLO (MIC range: 0.25 - >4 µg/mL) was most resisted by our isolates (95.35%), while 32.56% were resistant to KET (range of MICs: 0.03 - >4 µg/mL). On the other hand, ECVs showed that AMB (MIC range: 0.03 - 4 µg/mL) and ICZ (MIC range: 0.25 - 4 µg/mL) had very good activities against our isolates, as 81.4% of the isolates were wild type for both antifungals. On the other hand, VOR (range of MICs: 0.125 - >4 µg/mL) showed a poor activity, as most of our isolates (93.02%) were non-wild type for the antifungal. The number of isolates used in this study was not enough to conclude that C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis isolates are absent in the West Region or other parts of Cameroon, so we recommend that more of such studies be carried out in Cameroon, as this could help detect the presence of any of these emerging species with varying antifungal susceptibility profiles.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  - 

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