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Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats

Received: 22 December 2019     Accepted: 6 January 2020     Published: 5 August 2020
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Abstract

The ameliorative tendency of the leaves of Alchornea cordifolia has been reported against ailments ranging from conjunctivitis to yaws and certain parasitic infections. This necessitated investigating the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of methanol-extracted leaves of Alchornea cordifolia on hematological and histopathological of organ of toxicity on albino rats. The rats were randomly segregated into four groups of five animals in each cage. The groups were orally administered with 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight and 10% Tween 80 control for 28 days. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis and organs (liver and spleen) for histopathological analysis. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett’s test at P>0.05 levels of significance. Methanol leaf extract had a significantly higher inhibitory zone in E. coli and K. pneumonia ranging 35.00± 1.73 and 35.67± 3.48 at all the concentrations tested. There was no significant effect on hematological parameters. Liver necrosis was noticed in the harvested organs of the experimental rats. The liver sections of rat treated with 750mg/kg of the leaf extract showed cloudy swelling of hepatocytes and mild Kupffer cell hyperplasia. These results suggest that Alchornea cordifolia is non-toxic but has the propensity to induce hepatic injury at high doses. Conclusively, successful antibacterial activity at all concentrations and the slight pathological effects could be indicative low toxicity and high efficacy of this plant if taken at lower doses.

Published in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12
Page(s) 22-28
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Alchornea Cordifolia, Hyperplasia, Conjunctivitis, Antibacterial, Histopathological

References
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[4] Osadebe, P. O and Okoye, F. 2003. Anti-inflammatory effect of crude methanolic extract and fraction of Alchornea cordifolia leaves. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 89 (1): 19-24.
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[8] OECD. 2008. OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals. Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: Paris, France.
[9] Coles, E. H. 1986. Veterinary clinical pathology. 4th edition, W. B. Saundercompany, philadelphiap. p: 457.
[10] Yokozawa, T., Fujioka, K., Oura, H., Nonaka, G., Nishioka, I.,(1991). Effects of rhubarb tannins on uremic toxins. Nephron 58: 155-160.
[11] Ozolua, R. I., Adejayan, A., Aigbe, O. P., Uwaya, D. O., Argawal, A. 2011. Some characteristic relaxant effects of aqueous leaf extract of Andrographispaniculata and andrographolide on guinea pig tracheal rings. Nigeria Journal of Physiological Science 26: 119-124.
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[13] Rao, G. M., Rao, C. V., Push pangadan, P. and Shirwaikar, A. 2006. Hepatoprotective effects of rubidian, a major constituents of Rubiacordifolia, Linn. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 103: 484-490.
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[16] Amos-Tautua, B. M. W., Angaye, S. S., Jonathan, G. 2011. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the methanol and chloroform extracts of Alchornea cordifolia. Journal of Emerging Trends Engineering Applied Science 2: 445-447.
[17] National Academy of Sciences. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 8th. Washington, DC, USA: National Academic Press; 2011.
[18] Adeneye, A. A., Ajagbonna, O. P., Adeleke, T. I., Bello, S. O. 2006. Preliminary toxicity and phytochemical studies of the stem bark aqueous extract of Musangacecropioides in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 105: 374-379.
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[20] Olson, H., Betton, G., Robinson, D., Thomas, K., Monro, A., Kolaja, G., Lilly, P., Sanders, J., Sipes, G., Bracken, W., Dorato, M., Van Denn, K., Smith, P., Berger, B., Heller, A. 2000. Concordance of the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in humans and in animals. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology 32: 56–67.
[21] Marva-Manga H, Brkic D, Marie DEP, Quetin-Leclercq J (2004) In vivo antiinflammatory activity of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach& Thonn.) Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 92: 209-214.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Komolafe Kafilat Adenike, Adeoti Olatunde Micheal, Olaoye Opeyemi Joy, Olufemi Olutope Samson, Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke, et al. (2020). Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 5(2), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12

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    ACS Style

    Komolafe Kafilat Adenike; Adeoti Olatunde Micheal; Olaoye Opeyemi Joy; Olufemi Olutope Samson; Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke, et al. Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2020, 5(2), 22-28. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12

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    AMA Style

    Komolafe Kafilat Adenike, Adeoti Olatunde Micheal, Olaoye Opeyemi Joy, Olufemi Olutope Samson, Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke, et al. Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats. Ecol Evol Biol. 2020;5(2):22-28. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12,
      author = {Komolafe Kafilat Adenike and Adeoti Olatunde Micheal and Olaoye Opeyemi Joy and Olufemi Olutope Samson and Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke and Adedoja Sulaiman Aderogba and Adesina David Ademola and Abiola Adebiyi Oladepo},
      title = {Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats},
      journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
      volume = {5},
      number = {2},
      pages = {22-28},
      doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20200502.12},
      abstract = {The ameliorative tendency of the leaves of Alchornea cordifolia has been reported against ailments ranging from conjunctivitis to yaws and certain parasitic infections. This necessitated investigating the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of methanol-extracted leaves of Alchornea cordifolia on hematological and histopathological of organ of toxicity on albino rats. The rats were randomly segregated into four groups of five animals in each cage. The groups were orally administered with 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight and 10% Tween 80 control for 28 days. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis and organs (liver and spleen) for histopathological analysis. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett’s test at P>0.05 levels of significance. Methanol leaf extract had a significantly higher inhibitory zone in E. coli and K. pneumonia ranging 35.00± 1.73 and 35.67± 3.48 at all the concentrations tested. There was no significant effect on hematological parameters. Liver necrosis was noticed in the harvested organs of the experimental rats. The liver sections of rat treated with 750mg/kg of the leaf extract showed cloudy swelling of hepatocytes and mild Kupffer cell hyperplasia. These results suggest that Alchornea cordifolia is non-toxic but has the propensity to induce hepatic injury at high doses. Conclusively, successful antibacterial activity at all concentrations and the slight pathological effects could be indicative low toxicity and high efficacy of this plant if taken at lower doses.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats
    AU  - Komolafe Kafilat Adenike
    AU  - Adeoti Olatunde Micheal
    AU  - Olaoye Opeyemi Joy
    AU  - Olufemi Olutope Samson
    AU  - Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke
    AU  - Adedoja Sulaiman Aderogba
    AU  - Adesina David Ademola
    AU  - Abiola Adebiyi Oladepo
    Y1  - 2020/08/05
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12
    T2  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
    JF  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
    JO  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
    SP  - 22
    EP  - 28
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-3762
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12
    AB  - The ameliorative tendency of the leaves of Alchornea cordifolia has been reported against ailments ranging from conjunctivitis to yaws and certain parasitic infections. This necessitated investigating the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of methanol-extracted leaves of Alchornea cordifolia on hematological and histopathological of organ of toxicity on albino rats. The rats were randomly segregated into four groups of five animals in each cage. The groups were orally administered with 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight and 10% Tween 80 control for 28 days. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis and organs (liver and spleen) for histopathological analysis. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett’s test at P>0.05 levels of significance. Methanol leaf extract had a significantly higher inhibitory zone in E. coli and K. pneumonia ranging 35.00± 1.73 and 35.67± 3.48 at all the concentrations tested. There was no significant effect on hematological parameters. Liver necrosis was noticed in the harvested organs of the experimental rats. The liver sections of rat treated with 750mg/kg of the leaf extract showed cloudy swelling of hepatocytes and mild Kupffer cell hyperplasia. These results suggest that Alchornea cordifolia is non-toxic but has the propensity to induce hepatic injury at high doses. Conclusively, successful antibacterial activity at all concentrations and the slight pathological effects could be indicative low toxicity and high efficacy of this plant if taken at lower doses.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria

  • Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria

  • Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria

  • Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria

  • Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria

  • Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria

  • Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria

  • Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria

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