This study examined EFL teachers’ cognitions and practices of grammar teaching in Niger. The purpose of the study was to understand the beliefs held by EFL teachers about grammar teaching and the extent to which they put those beliefs into practice. The study also proposed to understand the contextual factors that affect those beliefs and classroom practices. The study was designed based on a qualitative multiple-case study framework, and four EFL teachers from four different schools constituted the main cases. Data were collected and triangulated through pre-observation interviews, classroom observations, and post-observation interviews. These procedures were implemented in a way the first led to the second, and the latter to the last. Afterward, thematic analysis procedures were used to generate understanding from the data. Findings revealed that most of the teachers consider grammar as an important pillar in teaching English. Most importantly, the study demonstrated the predominance of deductive approaches, mainly through the use of Grammar Translation in almost all the classes observed. It also highlighted compliance and mismatches between teachers’ beliefs and the way they teach grammar. Moreover, insights are indicative of multiple factors that affect teachers’ beliefs and practices. Those factors include students’ low proficiency, negative attitudes toward learning English, large classes, curricular requirements, and teachers’ previous learning experiences. These findings confirm the need for teacher education programs and systems to work towards monitoring teachers’ beliefs and knowledge in order to ensure compliance with the communicative approaches required by the national curriculum.
Published in | Education Journal (Volume 12, Issue 5) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.edu.20231205.18 |
Page(s) | 240-248 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Teacher Cognition, English Grammar, EFL, ELT
[1] | Jack C. Richards and Thomas S. C. Farrell (2009). Professional Development for Language Teachers: Strategies for Teacher Learning. Cambridge University Press. |
[2] | Marilisa Birello (2012). Teacher Cognition and Language Education: Beliefs and Practice. A Conversation with Simon Borg. Bellaterra Journal of Teaching & Learning Language & Literature, 5(2), 88-94. |
[3] | Dekun Sun (2010). Developing ‘my way’ in Chinese Language Teaching: Qualitative Case Studies of Teachers’ Personal Practical Knowledge. PhD Dissertation, Victoria University of Wellington. |
[4] | Simon Phipps and Simon Borg (2009). Exploring Tensions between Teachers’ Grammatical Teaching Beliefs and Practices. System, 37(3), 380-390. |
[5] | Simon Borg (2003). Teacher Cognition in Language Teaching: A Review of Research on what Language Teachers Think, Know, Believe and Do. Language Teaching, 36(2), 81-109. |
[6] | M. Raouf Moini (2009). Impact of ELF Teacher Cognition on Teaching Foreign Language Grammar. Pazhuhesh-e Zabanha-ye Khareji, 49, 141-164. |
[7] | Amadou Goumandakoye (1992). An Evaluation of Secondary School Education in Niger with Particular Reference to English Language Teaching. PhD Dissertation, Durham University, UK. |
[8] | Peter Wiens, Elena Andrei, Billa Anassour, and April Smith (2018). Expending Circle: The Case of Nigerien EFL Teachers’ English, Training and Career Satisfaction. The Electronic Journal for English as a Second Language, 22(2), 1-26. |
[9] | Ahmad Iftikhar (2018). Teacher Cognition and Grammar Teaching in Saudi Arabian Context. English Language Teaching, 11(12), 45-57. |
[10] | Mari Karen Gabinete (2017). Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices in Assessing the Viewing Skill of ESL Learners. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7(1), 1-19. |
[11] | Simon Borg (2006). Teacher Cognition and Language Education. London: Continuum. |
[12] | Lee Shulman (1986). Those who Understand: Knowledge Growth in Teaching. Educational Research, 15(2), 4-14. |
[13] | Simon Borg (2015). Teacher Cognition and Language Education. Bloomsbury Academic. |
[14] | Masateru Nishimuro, and Simon Borg (2013). Teacher Cognition and Grammar Teaching in a Japanese High School. JALT Journal, 35(1), 29-50. |
[15] | Mulugeta Teka Kahsay (2020). Secondary School Teachers’ Beliefs about Grammar Teaching in Ethiopia. Bahir Dar j educ, 20(1), 52-70. |
[16] | Alexander Lopez Diaz, Jesus Martinez, Dariza Jiménez C, Élica Perez, and Virginia Mateo (2019). How we Teach Grammar: An Exploratory Study on how Dominican Teachers Deal with Grammar Teaching. MEXTESOL Journal, 43(4), 1-9. |
[17] | Ng Chiew Hong (2012). Teacher Cognition and Grammar Teaching Approaches. Southeast Asia: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 12, 17-31. |
[18] | Ong Cheng Teik (2011). Pre-service Teachers’ Beliefs about Teaching and Learning of Grammar. The English Teacher, XL, 27-47. |
[19] | Thomas S. C. Farrell (2008). Here is the Book, Go to Teach the Class: ELT Practicum Support. RELC, 39(2), 226-241. |
[20] | Stacy Lee Hill (2014). Teacher Cognition: Four Case Studies of Teachers in Low-SES Schools. PhD Dissertation. Washington State University, USA. |
[21] | Rabia Hos, and Mustafa Kekec (2014). The Mismatch between Non-native English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Teachers’ Grammar Beliefs and Classroom Practices. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 5(1), 80-87. |
[22] | Nayyer Hassan (2013). The Impact of Teachers’ Beliefs on L2 Grammar Teaching. MA dissertation. Lahore College for Women University, Pakistan. |
[23] | Bayan Alghanmi, and Nadia Shukri (2016). The Relationships between Teachers’ Beliefs of Grammar Instruction and Classroom Practices in the Saudi Context. English Language Teaching, 9(7), 70-87. |
[24] | Hacer Hande Uysal, and Mehmet Bardakci (2014). Teacher Beliefs and Practices of Grammar Teaching: Focusing on Meaning, Form, or Forms? South African Journal of Education, 34(1), NP. |
[25] | Karen E. Johnson (2009). Second Language Teacher Education: A Socio-cultural Perspective. Routledge. |
[26] | John W. Creswell (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage. |
[27] | Mohammad Mosiur Rahman, Manjet Kaur Mehar Singh, and Salman Fersi (2020). Multiple Case Studies on the Impact of Apprenticeship of Observation on Novice EFL Teachers’ Cognitions and Practices. MEXTESOL Journal, 44(4), 1-11. |
[28] | Robert Yin (2014). Case Study Research Design and Methods. Sage. |
[29] | Ilker Etikan, Sulaiman Abubakar Musa, and Rukayya Sunusi Alkassim (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4. |
[30] | Virginia Braun, and Victoria Clarke (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. |
[31] | Hamissou Ousseini (2021). English Language Teaching in Contexts of LMD Implementation: A Glance at Teaching and Assessment Practices. Middle Eastern Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, 2(1), 160 – 171. |
[32] | Hossein Nassaji and Sandra Fotos (2011). Teaching Grammar in Second Language Classrooms. Routledge. |
APA Style
Hamissou Ousseini. (2023). EFL Teachers’ Cognitions and Practices in Grammar Teaching: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study from Niger. Education Journal, 12(5), 240-248. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20231205.18
ACS Style
Hamissou Ousseini. EFL Teachers’ Cognitions and Practices in Grammar Teaching: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study from Niger. Educ. J. 2023, 12(5), 240-248. doi: 10.11648/j.edu.20231205.18
AMA Style
Hamissou Ousseini. EFL Teachers’ Cognitions and Practices in Grammar Teaching: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study from Niger. Educ J. 2023;12(5):240-248. doi: 10.11648/j.edu.20231205.18
@article{10.11648/j.edu.20231205.18, author = {Hamissou Ousseini}, title = {EFL Teachers’ Cognitions and Practices in Grammar Teaching: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study from Niger}, journal = {Education Journal}, volume = {12}, number = {5}, pages = {240-248}, doi = {10.11648/j.edu.20231205.18}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20231205.18}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.edu.20231205.18}, abstract = {This study examined EFL teachers’ cognitions and practices of grammar teaching in Niger. The purpose of the study was to understand the beliefs held by EFL teachers about grammar teaching and the extent to which they put those beliefs into practice. The study also proposed to understand the contextual factors that affect those beliefs and classroom practices. The study was designed based on a qualitative multiple-case study framework, and four EFL teachers from four different schools constituted the main cases. Data were collected and triangulated through pre-observation interviews, classroom observations, and post-observation interviews. These procedures were implemented in a way the first led to the second, and the latter to the last. Afterward, thematic analysis procedures were used to generate understanding from the data. Findings revealed that most of the teachers consider grammar as an important pillar in teaching English. Most importantly, the study demonstrated the predominance of deductive approaches, mainly through the use of Grammar Translation in almost all the classes observed. It also highlighted compliance and mismatches between teachers’ beliefs and the way they teach grammar. Moreover, insights are indicative of multiple factors that affect teachers’ beliefs and practices. Those factors include students’ low proficiency, negative attitudes toward learning English, large classes, curricular requirements, and teachers’ previous learning experiences. These findings confirm the need for teacher education programs and systems to work towards monitoring teachers’ beliefs and knowledge in order to ensure compliance with the communicative approaches required by the national curriculum. }, year = {2023} }
TY - JOUR T1 - EFL Teachers’ Cognitions and Practices in Grammar Teaching: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study from Niger AU - Hamissou Ousseini Y1 - 2023/10/31 PY - 2023 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20231205.18 DO - 10.11648/j.edu.20231205.18 T2 - Education Journal JF - Education Journal JO - Education Journal SP - 240 EP - 248 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2327-2619 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20231205.18 AB - This study examined EFL teachers’ cognitions and practices of grammar teaching in Niger. The purpose of the study was to understand the beliefs held by EFL teachers about grammar teaching and the extent to which they put those beliefs into practice. The study also proposed to understand the contextual factors that affect those beliefs and classroom practices. The study was designed based on a qualitative multiple-case study framework, and four EFL teachers from four different schools constituted the main cases. Data were collected and triangulated through pre-observation interviews, classroom observations, and post-observation interviews. These procedures were implemented in a way the first led to the second, and the latter to the last. Afterward, thematic analysis procedures were used to generate understanding from the data. Findings revealed that most of the teachers consider grammar as an important pillar in teaching English. Most importantly, the study demonstrated the predominance of deductive approaches, mainly through the use of Grammar Translation in almost all the classes observed. It also highlighted compliance and mismatches between teachers’ beliefs and the way they teach grammar. Moreover, insights are indicative of multiple factors that affect teachers’ beliefs and practices. Those factors include students’ low proficiency, negative attitudes toward learning English, large classes, curricular requirements, and teachers’ previous learning experiences. These findings confirm the need for teacher education programs and systems to work towards monitoring teachers’ beliefs and knowledge in order to ensure compliance with the communicative approaches required by the national curriculum. VL - 12 IS - 5 ER -