| Peer-Reviewed

Causes, Modeling and Mitigation of Urban Heat Island: A Review

Received: 28 July 2021     Accepted: 20 October 2021     Published: 10 November 2021
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Abstract

Urbanization leads to loss of vegetation and converting pervious areas into built-up and impervious areas, and consequently, urban areas expose higher temperatures as compared to surrounding rural areas, which is called Urban Heat Island (UHI). The UHI affects the urban environment and causes heat-related diseases and mortality that have increased over the last centuries. Considering the severity of the UHI problem, enormous research has been conducted and an extensive range of literature is available on this topic. This paper reviews the causes, modelling and mitigation strategies of the UHI. The urban infrastructure and anthropogenic heat sources are the main driving factors in developing the UHI in cities. Many approaches including observation and modelling techniques are used to understand the formation, causes and mitigation of the UHI. The formation and causes of the UHI largely depend on the size, shape and urban infrastructure of the cities as well as climatic conditions. Although various modelling techniques are used to study UHI, there are still lacks in all models to precisely represent the physical phenomena and complex urban infrastructure. Many UHI mitigation strategies are examined by numerous studies, while the increased urban vegetation is a more environmentally friendly solution. The study summarizes the important features and limitations of different modelling techniques and mitigation measures of the UHI. This study also identifies research gaps and proposes areas for further research.

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.earth.20211006.11
Page(s) 244-264
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

UHI, Modeling, Mitigation, Urban Climate, Review

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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    H. M. Imran, Mahaad Issa Shammas, Ataur Rahman, Stephanie J. Jacobs, A. W. M. Ng, et al. (2021). Causes, Modeling and Mitigation of Urban Heat Island: A Review. Earth Sciences, 10(6), 244-264. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211006.11

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    ACS Style

    H. M. Imran; Mahaad Issa Shammas; Ataur Rahman; Stephanie J. Jacobs; A. W. M. Ng, et al. Causes, Modeling and Mitigation of Urban Heat Island: A Review. Earth Sci. 2021, 10(6), 244-264. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20211006.11

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    AMA Style

    H. M. Imran, Mahaad Issa Shammas, Ataur Rahman, Stephanie J. Jacobs, A. W. M. Ng, et al. Causes, Modeling and Mitigation of Urban Heat Island: A Review. Earth Sci. 2021;10(6):244-264. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20211006.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.earth.20211006.11,
      author = {H. M. Imran and Mahaad Issa Shammas and Ataur Rahman and Stephanie J. Jacobs and A. W. M. Ng and Shobha Muthukumaran},
      title = {Causes, Modeling and Mitigation of Urban Heat Island: A Review},
      journal = {Earth Sciences},
      volume = {10},
      number = {6},
      pages = {244-264},
      doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20211006.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211006.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20211006.11},
      abstract = {Urbanization leads to loss of vegetation and converting pervious areas into built-up and impervious areas, and consequently, urban areas expose higher temperatures as compared to surrounding rural areas, which is called Urban Heat Island (UHI). The UHI affects the urban environment and causes heat-related diseases and mortality that have increased over the last centuries. Considering the severity of the UHI problem, enormous research has been conducted and an extensive range of literature is available on this topic. This paper reviews the causes, modelling and mitigation strategies of the UHI. The urban infrastructure and anthropogenic heat sources are the main driving factors in developing the UHI in cities. Many approaches including observation and modelling techniques are used to understand the formation, causes and mitigation of the UHI. The formation and causes of the UHI largely depend on the size, shape and urban infrastructure of the cities as well as climatic conditions. Although various modelling techniques are used to study UHI, there are still lacks in all models to precisely represent the physical phenomena and complex urban infrastructure. Many UHI mitigation strategies are examined by numerous studies, while the increased urban vegetation is a more environmentally friendly solution. The study summarizes the important features and limitations of different modelling techniques and mitigation measures of the UHI. This study also identifies research gaps and proposes areas for further research.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Causes, Modeling and Mitigation of Urban Heat Island: A Review
    AU  - H. M. Imran
    AU  - Mahaad Issa Shammas
    AU  - Ataur Rahman
    AU  - Stephanie J. Jacobs
    AU  - A. W. M. Ng
    AU  - Shobha Muthukumaran
    Y1  - 2021/11/10
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211006.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20211006.11
    T2  - Earth Sciences
    JF  - Earth Sciences
    JO  - Earth Sciences
    SP  - 244
    EP  - 264
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5982
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211006.11
    AB  - Urbanization leads to loss of vegetation and converting pervious areas into built-up and impervious areas, and consequently, urban areas expose higher temperatures as compared to surrounding rural areas, which is called Urban Heat Island (UHI). The UHI affects the urban environment and causes heat-related diseases and mortality that have increased over the last centuries. Considering the severity of the UHI problem, enormous research has been conducted and an extensive range of literature is available on this topic. This paper reviews the causes, modelling and mitigation strategies of the UHI. The urban infrastructure and anthropogenic heat sources are the main driving factors in developing the UHI in cities. Many approaches including observation and modelling techniques are used to understand the formation, causes and mitigation of the UHI. The formation and causes of the UHI largely depend on the size, shape and urban infrastructure of the cities as well as climatic conditions. Although various modelling techniques are used to study UHI, there are still lacks in all models to precisely represent the physical phenomena and complex urban infrastructure. Many UHI mitigation strategies are examined by numerous studies, while the increased urban vegetation is a more environmentally friendly solution. The study summarizes the important features and limitations of different modelling techniques and mitigation measures of the UHI. This study also identifies research gaps and proposes areas for further research.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Institute of Water and Environment, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh

  • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman

  • School of Engineering, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia

  • Mosaic Insights, Melbourne, Australia

  • College of Engineering, Information Technology and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia

  • College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia

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