The Implications of Spatial Variations in Geographic Location, Geology and Pedology on Food Security in the Southeast Nigeria

Ikpong Sunday Umo; Angela Iweka Enwereuzor

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12

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The Implications of Spatial Variations in Geographic Location, Geology and Pedology on Food Security in the Southeast Nigeria

Ikpong Sunday Umo, Angela Iweka Enwereuzor

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 3)

Received: 26 April 2021 Accepted: 13 May 2021 Published: 27 May 2021

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Abstract

The explanation of the associations and variations in geographic location, pedology and geologic formations for effective policy framework towards sustainability food production in Southeast Nigeria is the central objective of this study. The study area was stratified into five states. Data on textural classes were systematically collected from three states and at eight sampled points using commerce, wetland and non-wet land agricultural areas as indices and analyzed using laboratory and geo-spatial tools. The results indicated that pedologic characteristics of the study area vary with geographic spaces but particle size was dominated by sandy loam. The multivariate analysis of variance, tests of variations, homogeneity, and overlapping variances revealed that variations among geographic space and geologic formations have significant effect on the distribution of pedologic characteristics in the Southeast. Also, the spatial variabilities of geographic location, geology, and pedology in the southeast suggest dynamics in land capability class for crop yields which constitute major issue to agricultural development and the corresponding food security. The dominance of sandy loam soil is an indicator of the prevalence of class A and class B land (soils) while qualitative interview affirmed that most farmers still relied on the natural fertility of the soil for crop production, but the quality and quantity of their produced were often hampered by traditional/small size holdings. To sustain food security for the teeming population, this study recommended for massive evaluation of physicochemical and bio-geochemical properties of soil in the Southeast to provide basis for farmers’ choice of crops; creation of more awareness and education of farmers on the type of crops that can yield better under certain pedo-geographic and geologic formations.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12
Page(s)	83-89
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Geographic Location, Pedology, MANOVA, Food Security, National Development

References

[1]	Umo Ikpong Sunday, Ojinma Chumumma. Chux, Enweruzor, Angela Iweka. Rural land resources in Nigeria: a conceptual review of the challenges of management and conservation. Journal of African Contemporary Research and Development Strategies in Africa, 8 (1), 2015, 128-134.
[2]	World Bank. CD-ROM World development indicators. Washington DC: World Bank. 2005.
[3]	Duru Pat, Umo Ikpong Sunday, Ojinma Chumumma. Chux Enhancing the capability of rural farmers towards effective soil management in Amucha community, Imo State, Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 6 (7), 2015, 296 – 301.
[4]	Daily Sun. Nigeria ranked among the top hungriest Countries in the World. April 5, 2019.
[5]	United Nations Environmental Program. Capacity building for sustainable development: An Overview of UNEP Capacity Development Activities. 2002, 164 pp.
[6]	Okafor F. C. Rural development and environment: degradation versus protection. In P. O. Sada and F. Omuta (editors). Environmental issues and management in Nigeria, 2002. Ibadan, Evans publishers.
[7]	Broca S. S. Food insecurity, poverty and agriculture: A concept paper. Working Paper number, ESA, September, 2002, 02 – 15.
[8]	Adeku K. O. Climate induced poverty: impediment to poverty alleviation in developing Countries. 2014, 677.
[9]	Abumere S. I. Traditional agricultural systems and staple food production. In J. S. Ogunyinbo, O. O. Ayiola, and M. Filani (eds) A Geography of Nigerian Development. International Geographical Union, 1978. Ibadan, Heinemann Educational Books
[10]	Umo Ikpong Sunday. The dynamics of sediments, heavy metals and nutrients in the Kwa Iboe River Basin, Southern Nigeria. Ph.D Thesis, University of Benin, 2019, 229 pages.
[11]	Inyang P. E. B. Climatic regions. In G. E. K. Ofomata (editor), Nigeria in maps: Eastern States. 1975, 27 – 29.
[12]	Orajaka S. O. Geology. In G. E. K. Ofomata (Editor), Nigeria in maps: Eastern States. 1975, 5 – 7.
[13]	Ojinma C. C., Umo, I. S., Obasi, M. N. & Ukaegbu, E. P. Flash floods and household reactions toward safety among urban residents in the Southeast Nigeria. A completed project for the 2016/017 TETFUND Institutional Based Research (Report), 2017, 1 - 67.
[14]	Simpson S. L., Batley G. E., Chariton A. A., Stauber, J. L., King C. K., Chapman, J. C., Hyne, R. V., Gale, S. A., Roach, A. C., Maher, W. A. Handbook for sediment quality assessment. Bangor, Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, 2005, 126 pages.
[15]	Beretta A. N., Silbermann A. V., Paladino L., Torres D., Bassahun D., Musselli R., García-Lamoht, A. Soil texture analyses using a hydrometer: Modification of the Bouyoucos Method. Cienciae Investigación Agrarian, 41 (2), 2014, 263 – 271.
[16]	Gee G. W., Bauder, J. W. Particle-size analysis in Klute Arnold editors, methods of soil analysis Part 1, physical and mineral methods. American Society of Agronomy- Soil Science Division, Madison, USA, 1986.
[17]	Umo Ikpong Sunday, Ike Mbaeri Chris. A dimension of geographical regions and landforms. Owerri, Brilliant Print, 2020, 102 – 222.

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Ikpong Sunday Umo, Angela Iweka Enwereuzor. (2021). The Implications of Spatial Variations in Geographic Location, Geology and Pedology on Food Security in the Southeast Nigeria. Earth Sciences, 10(3), 83-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12

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Ikpong Sunday Umo; Angela Iweka Enwereuzor. The Implications of Spatial Variations in Geographic Location, Geology and Pedology on Food Security in the Southeast Nigeria. Earth Sci. 2021, 10(3), 83-89. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12

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Ikpong Sunday Umo, Angela Iweka Enwereuzor. The Implications of Spatial Variations in Geographic Location, Geology and Pedology on Food Security in the Southeast Nigeria. Earth Sci. 2021;10(3):83-89. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12,
  author = {Ikpong Sunday Umo and Angela Iweka Enwereuzor},
  title = {The Implications of Spatial Variations in Geographic Location, Geology and Pedology on Food Security in the Southeast Nigeria},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {83-89},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20211003.12},
  abstract = {The explanation of the associations and variations in geographic location, pedology and geologic formations for effective policy framework towards sustainability food production in Southeast Nigeria is the central objective of this study. The study area was stratified into five states. Data on textural classes were systematically collected from three states and at eight sampled points using commerce, wetland and non-wet land agricultural areas as indices and analyzed using laboratory and geo-spatial tools. The results indicated that pedologic characteristics of the study area vary with geographic spaces but particle size was dominated by sandy loam. The multivariate analysis of variance, tests of variations, homogeneity, and overlapping variances revealed that variations among geographic space and geologic formations have significant effect on the distribution of pedologic characteristics in the Southeast. Also, the spatial variabilities of geographic location, geology, and pedology in the southeast suggest dynamics in land capability class for crop yields which constitute major issue to agricultural development and the corresponding food security. The dominance of sandy loam soil is an indicator of the prevalence of class A and class B land (soils) while qualitative interview affirmed that most farmers still relied on the natural fertility of the soil for crop production, but the quality and quantity of their produced were often hampered by traditional/small size holdings. To sustain food security for the teeming population, this study recommended for massive evaluation of physicochemical and bio-geochemical properties of soil in the Southeast to provide basis for farmers’ choice of crops; creation of more awareness and education of farmers on the type of crops that can yield better under certain pedo-geographic and geologic formations.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Implications of Spatial Variations in Geographic Location, Geology and Pedology on Food Security in the Southeast Nigeria
AU  - Ikpong Sunday Umo
AU  - Angela Iweka Enwereuzor
Y1  - 2021/05/27
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 83
EP  - 89
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12
AB  - The explanation of the associations and variations in geographic location, pedology and geologic formations for effective policy framework towards sustainability food production in Southeast Nigeria is the central objective of this study. The study area was stratified into five states. Data on textural classes were systematically collected from three states and at eight sampled points using commerce, wetland and non-wet land agricultural areas as indices and analyzed using laboratory and geo-spatial tools. The results indicated that pedologic characteristics of the study area vary with geographic spaces but particle size was dominated by sandy loam. The multivariate analysis of variance, tests of variations, homogeneity, and overlapping variances revealed that variations among geographic space and geologic formations have significant effect on the distribution of pedologic characteristics in the Southeast. Also, the spatial variabilities of geographic location, geology, and pedology in the southeast suggest dynamics in land capability class for crop yields which constitute major issue to agricultural development and the corresponding food security. The dominance of sandy loam soil is an indicator of the prevalence of class A and class B land (soils) while qualitative interview affirmed that most farmers still relied on the natural fertility of the soil for crop production, but the quality and quantity of their produced were often hampered by traditional/small size holdings. To sustain food security for the teeming population, this study recommended for massive evaluation of physicochemical and bio-geochemical properties of soil in the Southeast to provide basis for farmers’ choice of crops; creation of more awareness and education of farmers on the type of crops that can yield better under certain pedo-geographic and geologic formations.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Ikpong Sunday Umo

Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri, Nigeria
Angela Iweka Enwereuzor

Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ikpong Sunday Umo, Angela Iweka Enwereuzor. (2021). The Implications of Spatial Variations in Geographic Location, Geology and Pedology on Food Security in the Southeast Nigeria. Earth Sciences, 10(3), 83-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12

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ACS Style

Ikpong Sunday Umo; Angela Iweka Enwereuzor. The Implications of Spatial Variations in Geographic Location, Geology and Pedology on Food Security in the Southeast Nigeria. Earth Sci. 2021, 10(3), 83-89. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12

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AMA Style

Ikpong Sunday Umo, Angela Iweka Enwereuzor. The Implications of Spatial Variations in Geographic Location, Geology and Pedology on Food Security in the Southeast Nigeria. Earth Sci. 2021;10(3):83-89. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12,
  author = {Ikpong Sunday Umo and Angela Iweka Enwereuzor},
  title = {The Implications of Spatial Variations in Geographic Location, Geology and Pedology on Food Security in the Southeast Nigeria},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {83-89},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20211003.12},
  abstract = {The explanation of the associations and variations in geographic location, pedology and geologic formations for effective policy framework towards sustainability food production in Southeast Nigeria is the central objective of this study. The study area was stratified into five states. Data on textural classes were systematically collected from three states and at eight sampled points using commerce, wetland and non-wet land agricultural areas as indices and analyzed using laboratory and geo-spatial tools. The results indicated that pedologic characteristics of the study area vary with geographic spaces but particle size was dominated by sandy loam. The multivariate analysis of variance, tests of variations, homogeneity, and overlapping variances revealed that variations among geographic space and geologic formations have significant effect on the distribution of pedologic characteristics in the Southeast. Also, the spatial variabilities of geographic location, geology, and pedology in the southeast suggest dynamics in land capability class for crop yields which constitute major issue to agricultural development and the corresponding food security. The dominance of sandy loam soil is an indicator of the prevalence of class A and class B land (soils) while qualitative interview affirmed that most farmers still relied on the natural fertility of the soil for crop production, but the quality and quantity of their produced were often hampered by traditional/small size holdings. To sustain food security for the teeming population, this study recommended for massive evaluation of physicochemical and bio-geochemical properties of soil in the Southeast to provide basis for farmers’ choice of crops; creation of more awareness and education of farmers on the type of crops that can yield better under certain pedo-geographic and geologic formations.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Implications of Spatial Variations in Geographic Location, Geology and Pedology on Food Security in the Southeast Nigeria
AU  - Ikpong Sunday Umo
AU  - Angela Iweka Enwereuzor
Y1  - 2021/05/27
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 83
EP  - 89
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211003.12
AB  - The explanation of the associations and variations in geographic location, pedology and geologic formations for effective policy framework towards sustainability food production in Southeast Nigeria is the central objective of this study. The study area was stratified into five states. Data on textural classes were systematically collected from three states and at eight sampled points using commerce, wetland and non-wet land agricultural areas as indices and analyzed using laboratory and geo-spatial tools. The results indicated that pedologic characteristics of the study area vary with geographic spaces but particle size was dominated by sandy loam. The multivariate analysis of variance, tests of variations, homogeneity, and overlapping variances revealed that variations among geographic space and geologic formations have significant effect on the distribution of pedologic characteristics in the Southeast. Also, the spatial variabilities of geographic location, geology, and pedology in the southeast suggest dynamics in land capability class for crop yields which constitute major issue to agricultural development and the corresponding food security. The dominance of sandy loam soil is an indicator of the prevalence of class A and class B land (soils) while qualitative interview affirmed that most farmers still relied on the natural fertility of the soil for crop production, but the quality and quantity of their produced were often hampered by traditional/small size holdings. To sustain food security for the teeming population, this study recommended for massive evaluation of physicochemical and bio-geochemical properties of soil in the Southeast to provide basis for farmers’ choice of crops; creation of more awareness and education of farmers on the type of crops that can yield better under certain pedo-geographic and geologic formations.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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