Structural Characterization of Outcrop-Scale Superposed Folding in the Kimbi Area (NW Cameroon): Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold Belt

Sylvestre Ganno; Evine Laure Tanko Njiosseu; Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono; Timoléon Ngnotué; Philomène Nga Essomba; Jean Paul Nzenti

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11

Structural Characterization of Outcrop-Scale Superposed Folding in the Kimbi Area (NW Cameroon): Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold Belt

Sylvestre Ganno, Evine Laure Tanko Njiosseu, Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono, Timoléon Ngnotué, Philomène Nga Essomba, Jean Paul Nzenti

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 5)

Received: 4 July 2016 Accepted: 12 July 2016 Published: 21 September 2016

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Abstract

A study of predominantly folding structures was carried out on a number of outcrops in the Kimbi area. The main aim of this study is to provide a detailed structural characterization of the three folding events (F₁, F₂-F₃) recognized in this area, in order to improve our understanding of the deformation mechanisms that controlled the tectonic evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold belt. The F₁ folding is marked by decimetre-sized isoclinal folds with S₁ schistosity parallel to the axial plane of F₁ folds. The F₂-F₃ folding is superposed on the F₁ older folds. Geometric shapes of F₂-F₃ folds typically form Ramsay’s type-3 interference patterns. The complex geometry of these folds suggests that they formed by shearing linked to the Central Cameroon shear zone (CCSZ). The Kimbi area superposed F₂-F₃ folds have been interpreted as the result of progressive deformation dextral transpressive deformation caused by the oblique convergence between the Congo/São Francisco craton and the Eastern Saharan block.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11
Page(s)	62-69
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Superposed Folds, Type-3 Interference Patterns, Progressive Deformation, Transpressive Tectonic, Pan-African, Kimbi, Cameroon

References

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APA Style

Sylvestre Ganno, Evine Laure Tanko Njiosseu, Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono, Timoléon Ngnotué, Philomène Nga Essomba, et al. (2016). Structural Characterization of Outcrop-Scale Superposed Folding in the Kimbi Area (NW Cameroon): Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold Belt. Earth Sciences, 5(5), 62-69. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11

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ACS Style

Sylvestre Ganno; Evine Laure Tanko Njiosseu; Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono; Timoléon Ngnotué; Philomène Nga Essomba, et al. Structural Characterization of Outcrop-Scale Superposed Folding in the Kimbi Area (NW Cameroon): Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold Belt. Earth Sci. 2016, 5(5), 62-69. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11

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AMA Style

Sylvestre Ganno, Evine Laure Tanko Njiosseu, Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono, Timoléon Ngnotué, Philomène Nga Essomba, et al. Structural Characterization of Outcrop-Scale Superposed Folding in the Kimbi Area (NW Cameroon): Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold Belt. Earth Sci. 2016;5(5):62-69. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11,
  author = {Sylvestre Ganno and Evine Laure Tanko Njiosseu and Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono and Timoléon Ngnotué and Philomène Nga Essomba and Jean Paul Nzenti},
  title = {Structural Characterization of Outcrop-Scale Superposed Folding in the Kimbi Area (NW Cameroon): Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold Belt},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {5},
  pages = {62-69},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20160505.11},
  abstract = {A study of predominantly folding structures was carried out on a number of outcrops in the Kimbi area. The main aim of this study is to provide a detailed structural characterization of the three folding events (F1, F2-F3) recognized in this area, in order to improve our understanding of the deformation mechanisms that controlled the tectonic evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold belt. The F1 folding is marked by decimetre-sized isoclinal folds with S1 schistosity parallel to the axial plane of F1 folds. The F2-F3 folding is superposed on the F1 older folds. Geometric shapes of F2-F3 folds typically form Ramsay’s type-3 interference patterns. The complex geometry of these folds suggests that they formed by shearing linked to the Central Cameroon shear zone (CCSZ). The Kimbi area superposed F2-F3 folds have been interpreted as the result of progressive deformation dextral transpressive deformation caused by the oblique convergence between the Congo/São Francisco craton and the Eastern Saharan block.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Structural Characterization of Outcrop-Scale Superposed Folding in the Kimbi Area (NW Cameroon): Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold Belt
AU  - Sylvestre Ganno
AU  - Evine Laure Tanko Njiosseu
AU  - Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono
AU  - Timoléon Ngnotué
AU  - Philomène Nga Essomba
AU  - Jean Paul Nzenti
Y1  - 2016/09/21
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 62
EP  - 69
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11
AB  - A study of predominantly folding structures was carried out on a number of outcrops in the Kimbi area. The main aim of this study is to provide a detailed structural characterization of the three folding events (F1, F2-F3) recognized in this area, in order to improve our understanding of the deformation mechanisms that controlled the tectonic evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold belt. The F1 folding is marked by decimetre-sized isoclinal folds with S1 schistosity parallel to the axial plane of F1 folds. The F2-F3 folding is superposed on the F1 older folds. Geometric shapes of F2-F3 folds typically form Ramsay’s type-3 interference patterns. The complex geometry of these folds suggests that they formed by shearing linked to the Central Cameroon shear zone (CCSZ). The Kimbi area superposed F2-F3 folds have been interpreted as the result of progressive deformation dextral transpressive deformation caused by the oblique convergence between the Congo/São Francisco craton and the Eastern Saharan block.
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Sylvestre Ganno

Department of Earth Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Evine Laure Tanko Njiosseu

Department of Earth Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono

Department of Geology, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
Timoléon Ngnotué

Department of Earth Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
Philomène Nga Essomba

Department of Earth Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Jean Paul Nzenti

Department of Earth Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon

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APA Style

Sylvestre Ganno, Evine Laure Tanko Njiosseu, Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono, Timoléon Ngnotué, Philomène Nga Essomba, et al. (2016). Structural Characterization of Outcrop-Scale Superposed Folding in the Kimbi Area (NW Cameroon): Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold Belt. Earth Sciences, 5(5), 62-69. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11

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ACS Style

Sylvestre Ganno; Evine Laure Tanko Njiosseu; Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono; Timoléon Ngnotué; Philomène Nga Essomba, et al. Structural Characterization of Outcrop-Scale Superposed Folding in the Kimbi Area (NW Cameroon): Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold Belt. Earth Sci. 2016, 5(5), 62-69. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11

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AMA Style

Sylvestre Ganno, Evine Laure Tanko Njiosseu, Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono, Timoléon Ngnotué, Philomène Nga Essomba, et al. Structural Characterization of Outcrop-Scale Superposed Folding in the Kimbi Area (NW Cameroon): Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold Belt. Earth Sci. 2016;5(5):62-69. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11,
  author = {Sylvestre Ganno and Evine Laure Tanko Njiosseu and Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono and Timoléon Ngnotué and Philomène Nga Essomba and Jean Paul Nzenti},
  title = {Structural Characterization of Outcrop-Scale Superposed Folding in the Kimbi Area (NW Cameroon): Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold Belt},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {5},
  pages = {62-69},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20160505.11},
  abstract = {A study of predominantly folding structures was carried out on a number of outcrops in the Kimbi area. The main aim of this study is to provide a detailed structural characterization of the three folding events (F1, F2-F3) recognized in this area, in order to improve our understanding of the deformation mechanisms that controlled the tectonic evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold belt. The F1 folding is marked by decimetre-sized isoclinal folds with S1 schistosity parallel to the axial plane of F1 folds. The F2-F3 folding is superposed on the F1 older folds. Geometric shapes of F2-F3 folds typically form Ramsay’s type-3 interference patterns. The complex geometry of these folds suggests that they formed by shearing linked to the Central Cameroon shear zone (CCSZ). The Kimbi area superposed F2-F3 folds have been interpreted as the result of progressive deformation dextral transpressive deformation caused by the oblique convergence between the Congo/São Francisco craton and the Eastern Saharan block.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Structural Characterization of Outcrop-Scale Superposed Folding in the Kimbi Area (NW Cameroon): Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold Belt
AU  - Sylvestre Ganno
AU  - Evine Laure Tanko Njiosseu
AU  - Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono
AU  - Timoléon Ngnotué
AU  - Philomène Nga Essomba
AU  - Jean Paul Nzenti
Y1  - 2016/09/21
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 62
EP  - 69
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20160505.11
AB  - A study of predominantly folding structures was carried out on a number of outcrops in the Kimbi area. The main aim of this study is to provide a detailed structural characterization of the three folding events (F1, F2-F3) recognized in this area, in order to improve our understanding of the deformation mechanisms that controlled the tectonic evolution of the Pan-African North Equatorial Fold belt. The F1 folding is marked by decimetre-sized isoclinal folds with S1 schistosity parallel to the axial plane of F1 folds. The F2-F3 folding is superposed on the F1 older folds. Geometric shapes of F2-F3 folds typically form Ramsay’s type-3 interference patterns. The complex geometry of these folds suggests that they formed by shearing linked to the Central Cameroon shear zone (CCSZ). The Kimbi area superposed F2-F3 folds have been interpreted as the result of progressive deformation dextral transpressive deformation caused by the oblique convergence between the Congo/São Francisco craton and the Eastern Saharan block.
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
ER  -

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