Modelling of Steam Turbine Generators from Heat Balance Diagram and Determination of Frequency Response

Sumanta Basu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11

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Modelling of Steam Turbine Generators from Heat Balance Diagram and Determination of Frequency Response

Sumanta Basu

Published in Control Science and Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 21 July 2018 Accepted: 8 August 2018 Published: 5 September 2018

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Abstract

In the power system, apart from ensuring the availability of Power, maintaining the power system frequency is of utmost important. The intent is to ensure stabilized frequency to the consumers at all times and maintain load frequency control of the power grid which requires necessarily the power load operators and regulators to manage generation and distribution services efficiently to maintain reliability of the power system frequency. In an interconnected power system the power load demand varies randomly which impacts both the frequency and tie-line power interchange. Hence, it is necessary to develop a methodology to make decisions synchronously and automatically by all grid connected generating units. The load frequency control along with restricted governor mode control address this issue and minimizes the deviations in the power grid frequency and tie-line power interchange bringing the steady state errors to zero and maintaining the balance between demand and supply in real time. Restricted governor mode control is a primary frequency control but with inclusion of a dead band of governor not exceeding + / - 0.03 Hz where primary control is blocked by the governor dead band unlike free governor mode. This ripple factor of + / - 0.03 Hz prevents continuous hunting in the governor due to very small frequency variation. Restricted governor mode control does not act in proportion to the frequency deviation like free governor and is not strictly a frequency controlling mode, rather this mode restrict sudden and large frequency deviation with an additional step load disturbance during drop of normal running frequency under contingency control which operate along with load frequency controller enhancing the generation of power. In order to ensure the same, the precision Restricted Governor Mode Control is necessary simultaneously for all the power grid connected generating stations and to define the methodology close to accurate derivation of the various parameters for the modelling of turbine is necessary. This paper describe the procedure for deriving the parameters of a steam turbo generator model of a typical 660 MW Ultra-supercritical machine from heat and mass balance diagram and the conceptual load frequency control with restricted governor mode control. The main focus of the work is to determine the various time constants and finding the frequency response of a typical steam turbine generator based on a realistic mathematical model using the heat and mass balance data with some thermodynamic assumptions. The simulated model response for various scenarios are also presented in this paper.

Published in	Control Science and Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11
Page(s)	1-15
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

RGMO, FGMO, HBD, HP, IP, LP, LFC

References

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[30]	Mathematical modelling and simulation of the behaviour of the steam turbine, The 7th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering (INTER-ENG 2013), Mircea Dulaua, *, Dorin Bicab, b Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, “Petru Maior” University of Tîrgu-Mureş, 1 N. Iorga st., 540088.
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[33]	Frequency response Characteristics of an Interconnected Power System-A case study of Regional Grids in India, S. K. Soonee and Samir Chandra Saxena, Power System Operation Corporation Limited, India https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237465388.
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APA Style

Sumanta Basu. (2018). Modelling of Steam Turbine Generators from Heat Balance Diagram and Determination of Frequency Response. Control Science and Engineering, 2(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11

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ACS Style

Sumanta Basu. Modelling of Steam Turbine Generators from Heat Balance Diagram and Determination of Frequency Response. Control Sci. Eng. 2018, 2(1), 1-15. doi: 10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11

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AMA Style

Sumanta Basu. Modelling of Steam Turbine Generators from Heat Balance Diagram and Determination of Frequency Response. Control Sci Eng. 2018;2(1):1-15. doi: 10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11,
  author = {Sumanta Basu},
  title = {Modelling of Steam Turbine Generators from Heat Balance Diagram and Determination of Frequency Response},
  journal = {Control Science and Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cse.20180201.11},
  abstract = {In the power system, apart from ensuring the availability of Power, maintaining the power system frequency is of utmost important. The intent is to ensure stabilized frequency to the consumers at all times and maintain load frequency control of the power grid which requires necessarily the power load operators and regulators to manage generation and distribution services efficiently to maintain reliability of the power system frequency. In an interconnected power system the power load demand varies randomly which impacts both the frequency and tie-line power interchange. Hence, it is necessary to develop a methodology to make decisions synchronously and automatically by all grid connected generating units. The load frequency control along with restricted governor mode control address this issue and minimizes the deviations in the power grid frequency and tie-line power interchange bringing the steady state errors to zero and maintaining the balance between demand and supply in real time. Restricted governor mode control is a primary frequency control but with inclusion of a dead band of governor not exceeding + / - 0.03 Hz where primary control is blocked by the governor dead band unlike free governor mode. This ripple factor of + / - 0.03 Hz prevents continuous hunting in the governor due to very small frequency variation. Restricted governor mode control does not act in proportion to the frequency deviation like free governor and is not strictly a frequency controlling mode, rather this mode restrict sudden and large frequency deviation with an additional step load disturbance during drop of normal running frequency under contingency control which operate along with load frequency controller enhancing the generation of power. In order to ensure the same, the precision Restricted Governor Mode Control is necessary simultaneously for all the power grid connected generating stations and to define the methodology close to accurate derivation of the various parameters for the modelling of turbine is necessary. This paper describe the procedure for deriving the parameters of a steam turbo generator model of a typical 660 MW Ultra-supercritical machine from heat and mass balance diagram and the conceptual load frequency control with restricted governor mode control. The main focus of the work is to determine the various time constants and finding the frequency response of a typical steam turbine generator based on a realistic mathematical model using the heat and mass balance data with some thermodynamic assumptions. The simulated model response for various scenarios are also presented in this paper.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modelling of Steam Turbine Generators from Heat Balance Diagram and Determination of Frequency Response
AU  - Sumanta Basu
Y1  - 2018/09/05
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11
T2  - Control Science and Engineering
JF  - Control Science and Engineering
JO  - Control Science and Engineering
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7421
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11
AB  - In the power system, apart from ensuring the availability of Power, maintaining the power system frequency is of utmost important. The intent is to ensure stabilized frequency to the consumers at all times and maintain load frequency control of the power grid which requires necessarily the power load operators and regulators to manage generation and distribution services efficiently to maintain reliability of the power system frequency. In an interconnected power system the power load demand varies randomly which impacts both the frequency and tie-line power interchange. Hence, it is necessary to develop a methodology to make decisions synchronously and automatically by all grid connected generating units. The load frequency control along with restricted governor mode control address this issue and minimizes the deviations in the power grid frequency and tie-line power interchange bringing the steady state errors to zero and maintaining the balance between demand and supply in real time. Restricted governor mode control is a primary frequency control but with inclusion of a dead band of governor not exceeding + / - 0.03 Hz where primary control is blocked by the governor dead band unlike free governor mode. This ripple factor of + / - 0.03 Hz prevents continuous hunting in the governor due to very small frequency variation. Restricted governor mode control does not act in proportion to the frequency deviation like free governor and is not strictly a frequency controlling mode, rather this mode restrict sudden and large frequency deviation with an additional step load disturbance during drop of normal running frequency under contingency control which operate along with load frequency controller enhancing the generation of power. In order to ensure the same, the precision Restricted Governor Mode Control is necessary simultaneously for all the power grid connected generating stations and to define the methodology close to accurate derivation of the various parameters for the modelling of turbine is necessary. This paper describe the procedure for deriving the parameters of a steam turbo generator model of a typical 660 MW Ultra-supercritical machine from heat and mass balance diagram and the conceptual load frequency control with restricted governor mode control. The main focus of the work is to determine the various time constants and finding the frequency response of a typical steam turbine generator based on a realistic mathematical model using the heat and mass balance data with some thermodynamic assumptions. The simulated model response for various scenarios are also presented in this paper.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Sumanta Basu

Department of Electrical and I&C Engineering, L & T-MHPS Boilers Private Limited, Faridabad, India

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Sumanta Basu. (2018). Modelling of Steam Turbine Generators from Heat Balance Diagram and Determination of Frequency Response. Control Science and Engineering, 2(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11

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ACS Style

Sumanta Basu. Modelling of Steam Turbine Generators from Heat Balance Diagram and Determination of Frequency Response. Control Sci. Eng. 2018, 2(1), 1-15. doi: 10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11

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AMA Style

Sumanta Basu. Modelling of Steam Turbine Generators from Heat Balance Diagram and Determination of Frequency Response. Control Sci Eng. 2018;2(1):1-15. doi: 10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11,
  author = {Sumanta Basu},
  title = {Modelling of Steam Turbine Generators from Heat Balance Diagram and Determination of Frequency Response},
  journal = {Control Science and Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cse.20180201.11},
  abstract = {In the power system, apart from ensuring the availability of Power, maintaining the power system frequency is of utmost important. The intent is to ensure stabilized frequency to the consumers at all times and maintain load frequency control of the power grid which requires necessarily the power load operators and regulators to manage generation and distribution services efficiently to maintain reliability of the power system frequency. In an interconnected power system the power load demand varies randomly which impacts both the frequency and tie-line power interchange. Hence, it is necessary to develop a methodology to make decisions synchronously and automatically by all grid connected generating units. The load frequency control along with restricted governor mode control address this issue and minimizes the deviations in the power grid frequency and tie-line power interchange bringing the steady state errors to zero and maintaining the balance between demand and supply in real time. Restricted governor mode control is a primary frequency control but with inclusion of a dead band of governor not exceeding + / - 0.03 Hz where primary control is blocked by the governor dead band unlike free governor mode. This ripple factor of + / - 0.03 Hz prevents continuous hunting in the governor due to very small frequency variation. Restricted governor mode control does not act in proportion to the frequency deviation like free governor and is not strictly a frequency controlling mode, rather this mode restrict sudden and large frequency deviation with an additional step load disturbance during drop of normal running frequency under contingency control which operate along with load frequency controller enhancing the generation of power. In order to ensure the same, the precision Restricted Governor Mode Control is necessary simultaneously for all the power grid connected generating stations and to define the methodology close to accurate derivation of the various parameters for the modelling of turbine is necessary. This paper describe the procedure for deriving the parameters of a steam turbo generator model of a typical 660 MW Ultra-supercritical machine from heat and mass balance diagram and the conceptual load frequency control with restricted governor mode control. The main focus of the work is to determine the various time constants and finding the frequency response of a typical steam turbine generator based on a realistic mathematical model using the heat and mass balance data with some thermodynamic assumptions. The simulated model response for various scenarios are also presented in this paper.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modelling of Steam Turbine Generators from Heat Balance Diagram and Determination of Frequency Response
AU  - Sumanta Basu
Y1  - 2018/09/05
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11
T2  - Control Science and Engineering
JF  - Control Science and Engineering
JO  - Control Science and Engineering
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7421
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cse.20180201.11
AB  - In the power system, apart from ensuring the availability of Power, maintaining the power system frequency is of utmost important. The intent is to ensure stabilized frequency to the consumers at all times and maintain load frequency control of the power grid which requires necessarily the power load operators and regulators to manage generation and distribution services efficiently to maintain reliability of the power system frequency. In an interconnected power system the power load demand varies randomly which impacts both the frequency and tie-line power interchange. Hence, it is necessary to develop a methodology to make decisions synchronously and automatically by all grid connected generating units. The load frequency control along with restricted governor mode control address this issue and minimizes the deviations in the power grid frequency and tie-line power interchange bringing the steady state errors to zero and maintaining the balance between demand and supply in real time. Restricted governor mode control is a primary frequency control but with inclusion of a dead band of governor not exceeding + / - 0.03 Hz where primary control is blocked by the governor dead band unlike free governor mode. This ripple factor of + / - 0.03 Hz prevents continuous hunting in the governor due to very small frequency variation. Restricted governor mode control does not act in proportion to the frequency deviation like free governor and is not strictly a frequency controlling mode, rather this mode restrict sudden and large frequency deviation with an additional step load disturbance during drop of normal running frequency under contingency control which operate along with load frequency controller enhancing the generation of power. In order to ensure the same, the precision Restricted Governor Mode Control is necessary simultaneously for all the power grid connected generating stations and to define the methodology close to accurate derivation of the various parameters for the modelling of turbine is necessary. This paper describe the procedure for deriving the parameters of a steam turbo generator model of a typical 660 MW Ultra-supercritical machine from heat and mass balance diagram and the conceptual load frequency control with restricted governor mode control. The main focus of the work is to determine the various time constants and finding the frequency response of a typical steam turbine generator based on a realistic mathematical model using the heat and mass balance data with some thermodynamic assumptions. The simulated model response for various scenarios are also presented in this paper.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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