Veterinary Drugs Handling, Management and Supply Chain Assessment in Afar Pastoral Region of North East Ethiopia

Angesom Hadush Desta

doi:doi:10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11

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Veterinary Drugs Handling, Management and Supply Chain Assessment in Afar Pastoral Region of North East Ethiopia

Angesom Hadush Desta

Published in American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 3, Issue 6)

Received: 27 August 2015 Accepted: 16 September 2015 Published: 7 December 2015

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Abstract

Animal medicines play an important role in the control and prevention of disease and animal suffering but have the potential to cause harm if not used properly. Veterinary drugs handling, management and supply chain assessment in Afar pastoral region of North east Ethiopia was done using structured questionnaire, key informants interview and focal group discussion. This survey showed that there is awareness gap on proper handling and management of veterinary drugs in the region that hamper its quality, safety and effectiveness. The effectiveness of drugs is damaged due to problems such as lack of awareness on how to handle and manage the drugs, lack of understanding of the potential effects of drug misuse and abuse and lack of required facilities. Training on safe handling and management of drugs (X²=21.23, P=0.000) and professional level (X²=6.613, P=0.037) had significant association with awareness on safe handling and management of veterinary drugs. However, According to the logistic regression analysis, it was only professional level (OR=0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-2.25, P=0.027) that has statistically significant association with awareness of the professionals than the other variables considered during the analysis. There were many inappropriate practices and attitudes associated with improper drug handling and management issues in the professionals, awareness problems in the community and easy accessibility of the drugs in the black markets that can potentially affect the drug effectiveness. Generally, about 63.9% of the respondents showed that they had no enough knowledge on safe handling and management of drugs starting from acquisition to end user to assure the quality, safety and effectiveness of veterinary drugs. The major source of veterinary drug supply in Afar region were governmental source (65%), private sources (5%), nongovernmental organizations (10%) and illegal sources (20%). Therefore, continuous awareness creation works to the community, capacity building, training and upgrading programs to the professionals; encouraging privatization of veterinary drug supply and strict enforcement of drug control and administration regulation of the country is mandatory to avoid the aforementioned deep rooted problems in the region.

Published in	American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 3, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11
Page(s)	142-148
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Afar, Ethiopia, Management, Supply Chain, Veterinary Drugs

References

[1]	Abebe G. (2003): Community-based animal health services delivery in Ethiopia. Experiences and the way forward on community-based animal health service delivery in Ethiopia. Proceedings of a workshop held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[2]	Admassu, B. (2003): Primary Animal Health Care in Ethiopia: The experience so far Veterinary Field Officer Community-based Animal Health and Participatory Epidemiology unit AU/IBAR/CAPE Pp 1-13.
[3]	Admassu, B. (2010): History of Community Animal Health Service Delivery: Current Scenario and Significance of Community Animal Health Network and Its Expected Outcomes. Proceeding of the CAHNET-Ethiopia Launching Work Shop Held at Ghion Hotel, Addis Ababa, 15^th April 2010, Ethiopia. Pp 14-25.
[4]	AVA (Australian Veterinary Association), 2005: Guidelines for Prescribing, Authorizing and Dispensing Veterinary Medicines. Version 1.0, Kingston ACT 2604, Australia.www.ava.com.au. Accessed on 02/02/2015.
[5]	CSA (Central Statistical Agency) (2007): Human and animal population census in Afar region. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[6]	MOARD (2010): Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Country Position Regional Policy Framework on Animal Health, for Trade and Poverty Reduction Addis Ababa, January 2010. P. 11.
[7]	Sori, T., Bekana, M., Adugna, G. and Kelbessa, E. (2004): Medicinal Plant in the Ethno veterinary practices of Borana Pastoralists, Southern Ethiopia. International journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 2:220-225.
[8]	Taylor, J. (2001): Recommendations on the control and monitoring of storage and transportation temperatures of medicinal products. The Pharmaceutical Journal, 267:128-131.
[9]	VMD (Veterinary Medicine Directorate) (2012): Assuring the Safety, Quality and Efficacy of Veterinary Medicines. Code of practice on the responsible use of animal medicine in the farm, Surrey, UK. www.vmd.defra.gov.uk. Accessed on 05/11/2014.
[10]	WHO (World Health Organization), (2002): Guidelines on packaging for pharmaceutical products. Technical Report Series, No. 902, Geneva, Switzerland. Pp. 121-145. www.ava.com.auAccessed on 01/02/2015.
[11]	Zewdie, S. (2004): Animal Health Services Delivery in Ethiopia. Proceedings of the 18^th Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Veterinary Association (EVA), held in Addis Ababa, June 9-10, 2004, Ethiopia, Pp 51-55.

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APA Style

Angesom Hadush Desta. (2015). Veterinary Drugs Handling, Management and Supply Chain Assessment in Afar Pastoral Region of North East Ethiopia. American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 3(6), 142-148. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11

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Angesom Hadush Desta. Veterinary Drugs Handling, Management and Supply Chain Assessment in Afar Pastoral Region of North East Ethiopia. Am. J. BioSci. Bioeng. 2015, 3(6), 142-148. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11

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AMA Style

Angesom Hadush Desta. Veterinary Drugs Handling, Management and Supply Chain Assessment in Afar Pastoral Region of North East Ethiopia. Am J BioSci Bioeng. 2015;3(6):142-148. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11

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@article{10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11,
  author = {Angesom Hadush Desta},
  title = {Veterinary Drugs Handling, Management and Supply Chain Assessment in Afar Pastoral Region of North East Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {142-148},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bio.20150306.11},
  abstract = {Animal medicines play an important role in the control and prevention of disease and animal suffering but have the potential to cause harm if not used properly. Veterinary drugs handling, management and supply chain assessment in Afar pastoral region of North east Ethiopia was done using structured questionnaire, key informants interview and focal group discussion. This survey showed that there is awareness gap on proper handling and management of veterinary drugs in the region that hamper its quality, safety and effectiveness. The effectiveness of drugs is damaged due to problems such as lack of awareness on how to handle and manage the drugs, lack of understanding of the potential effects of drug misuse and abuse and lack of required facilities. Training on safe handling and management of drugs (X2=21.23, P=0.000) and professional level (X2=6.613, P=0.037) had significant association with awareness on safe handling and management of veterinary drugs. However, According to the logistic regression analysis, it was only professional level (OR=0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-2.25, P=0.027) that has statistically significant association with awareness of the professionals than the other variables considered during the analysis. There were many inappropriate practices and attitudes associated with improper drug handling and management issues in the professionals, awareness problems in the community and easy accessibility of the drugs in the black markets that can potentially affect the drug effectiveness. Generally, about 63.9% of the respondents showed that they had no enough knowledge on safe handling and management of drugs starting from acquisition to end user to assure the quality, safety and effectiveness of veterinary drugs. The major source of veterinary drug supply in Afar region were governmental source (65%), private sources (5%), nongovernmental organizations (10%) and illegal sources (20%). Therefore, continuous awareness creation works to the community, capacity building, training and upgrading programs to the professionals; encouraging privatization of veterinary drug supply and strict enforcement of drug control and administration regulation of the country is mandatory to avoid the aforementioned deep rooted problems in the region.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Veterinary Drugs Handling, Management and Supply Chain Assessment in Afar Pastoral Region of North East Ethiopia
AU  - Angesom Hadush Desta
Y1  - 2015/12/07
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11
T2  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JF  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JO  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
SP  - 142
EP  - 148
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5893
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11
AB  - Animal medicines play an important role in the control and prevention of disease and animal suffering but have the potential to cause harm if not used properly. Veterinary drugs handling, management and supply chain assessment in Afar pastoral region of North east Ethiopia was done using structured questionnaire, key informants interview and focal group discussion. This survey showed that there is awareness gap on proper handling and management of veterinary drugs in the region that hamper its quality, safety and effectiveness. The effectiveness of drugs is damaged due to problems such as lack of awareness on how to handle and manage the drugs, lack of understanding of the potential effects of drug misuse and abuse and lack of required facilities. Training on safe handling and management of drugs (X2=21.23, P=0.000) and professional level (X2=6.613, P=0.037) had significant association with awareness on safe handling and management of veterinary drugs. However, According to the logistic regression analysis, it was only professional level (OR=0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-2.25, P=0.027) that has statistically significant association with awareness of the professionals than the other variables considered during the analysis. There were many inappropriate practices and attitudes associated with improper drug handling and management issues in the professionals, awareness problems in the community and easy accessibility of the drugs in the black markets that can potentially affect the drug effectiveness. Generally, about 63.9% of the respondents showed that they had no enough knowledge on safe handling and management of drugs starting from acquisition to end user to assure the quality, safety and effectiveness of veterinary drugs. The major source of veterinary drug supply in Afar region were governmental source (65%), private sources (5%), nongovernmental organizations (10%) and illegal sources (20%). Therefore, continuous awareness creation works to the community, capacity building, training and upgrading programs to the professionals; encouraging privatization of veterinary drug supply and strict enforcement of drug control and administration regulation of the country is mandatory to avoid the aforementioned deep rooted problems in the region.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Angesom Hadush Desta

College of Veterinary Medicine, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Angesom Hadush Desta. (2015). Veterinary Drugs Handling, Management and Supply Chain Assessment in Afar Pastoral Region of North East Ethiopia. American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 3(6), 142-148. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11

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ACS Style

Angesom Hadush Desta. Veterinary Drugs Handling, Management and Supply Chain Assessment in Afar Pastoral Region of North East Ethiopia. Am. J. BioSci. Bioeng. 2015, 3(6), 142-148. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11

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AMA Style

Angesom Hadush Desta. Veterinary Drugs Handling, Management and Supply Chain Assessment in Afar Pastoral Region of North East Ethiopia. Am J BioSci Bioeng. 2015;3(6):142-148. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11

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@article{10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11,
  author = {Angesom Hadush Desta},
  title = {Veterinary Drugs Handling, Management and Supply Chain Assessment in Afar Pastoral Region of North East Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {142-148},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bio.20150306.11},
  abstract = {Animal medicines play an important role in the control and prevention of disease and animal suffering but have the potential to cause harm if not used properly. Veterinary drugs handling, management and supply chain assessment in Afar pastoral region of North east Ethiopia was done using structured questionnaire, key informants interview and focal group discussion. This survey showed that there is awareness gap on proper handling and management of veterinary drugs in the region that hamper its quality, safety and effectiveness. The effectiveness of drugs is damaged due to problems such as lack of awareness on how to handle and manage the drugs, lack of understanding of the potential effects of drug misuse and abuse and lack of required facilities. Training on safe handling and management of drugs (X2=21.23, P=0.000) and professional level (X2=6.613, P=0.037) had significant association with awareness on safe handling and management of veterinary drugs. However, According to the logistic regression analysis, it was only professional level (OR=0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-2.25, P=0.027) that has statistically significant association with awareness of the professionals than the other variables considered during the analysis. There were many inappropriate practices and attitudes associated with improper drug handling and management issues in the professionals, awareness problems in the community and easy accessibility of the drugs in the black markets that can potentially affect the drug effectiveness. Generally, about 63.9% of the respondents showed that they had no enough knowledge on safe handling and management of drugs starting from acquisition to end user to assure the quality, safety and effectiveness of veterinary drugs. The major source of veterinary drug supply in Afar region were governmental source (65%), private sources (5%), nongovernmental organizations (10%) and illegal sources (20%). Therefore, continuous awareness creation works to the community, capacity building, training and upgrading programs to the professionals; encouraging privatization of veterinary drug supply and strict enforcement of drug control and administration regulation of the country is mandatory to avoid the aforementioned deep rooted problems in the region.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Veterinary Drugs Handling, Management and Supply Chain Assessment in Afar Pastoral Region of North East Ethiopia
AU  - Angesom Hadush Desta
Y1  - 2015/12/07
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11
T2  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JF  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JO  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
SP  - 142
EP  - 148
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5893
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150306.11
AB  - Animal medicines play an important role in the control and prevention of disease and animal suffering but have the potential to cause harm if not used properly. Veterinary drugs handling, management and supply chain assessment in Afar pastoral region of North east Ethiopia was done using structured questionnaire, key informants interview and focal group discussion. This survey showed that there is awareness gap on proper handling and management of veterinary drugs in the region that hamper its quality, safety and effectiveness. The effectiveness of drugs is damaged due to problems such as lack of awareness on how to handle and manage the drugs, lack of understanding of the potential effects of drug misuse and abuse and lack of required facilities. Training on safe handling and management of drugs (X2=21.23, P=0.000) and professional level (X2=6.613, P=0.037) had significant association with awareness on safe handling and management of veterinary drugs. However, According to the logistic regression analysis, it was only professional level (OR=0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-2.25, P=0.027) that has statistically significant association with awareness of the professionals than the other variables considered during the analysis. There were many inappropriate practices and attitudes associated with improper drug handling and management issues in the professionals, awareness problems in the community and easy accessibility of the drugs in the black markets that can potentially affect the drug effectiveness. Generally, about 63.9% of the respondents showed that they had no enough knowledge on safe handling and management of drugs starting from acquisition to end user to assure the quality, safety and effectiveness of veterinary drugs. The major source of veterinary drug supply in Afar region were governmental source (65%), private sources (5%), nongovernmental organizations (10%) and illegal sources (20%). Therefore, continuous awareness creation works to the community, capacity building, training and upgrading programs to the professionals; encouraging privatization of veterinary drug supply and strict enforcement of drug control and administration regulation of the country is mandatory to avoid the aforementioned deep rooted problems in the region.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

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