Women Participation in Local Government: Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District

Mahendra Prasad Adhikari

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11

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Women Participation in Local Government: Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District

Mahendra Prasad Adhikari^*

Published in Advances in Sciences and Humanities (Volume 11, Issue 4)

Received: 26 August 2025 Accepted: 5 September 2025 Published: 19 December 2025

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Abstract

The research titled "Women Participation in Local Government: A Study of Women Members from Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District" investigates the extent of women's political engagement and their leadership capabilities within the specific context of Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Chitwan. The research employs a combination of primary and secondary data sources, primarily utilizing interview schedules with 61 female local-level leaders. The study's focal points include the challenges faced by women leaders, their capacity to assume leadership roles, and their backgrounds in political and social work. The findings reveal that women in political leadership roles are gradually developing their leadership skills despite encountering hurdles such as limited knowledge in their mandated responsibilities at the local level. These women typically lacked prior political and social work experience, primarily engaging in household and community-based activities. However, they have now transitioned into roles focused on social services, community development, and women's rights advocacy as representatives of their communities. Despite their education, they continue to grapple with societal patriarchal norms. The study also highlights the importance of leadership and women empowerment training, legal education, and the use of quotas by political parties, which have contributed to the increased presence of female political leaders at the local level. These barriers are intricately linked to societal structures and personal capacities. Interestingly, educated and socially active women leaders are actively encouraging other women in their communities to engage in politics for the broader goal of social transformation and empowerment, fostering a sense of unity among women leaders for collective community upliftment.

Published in	Advances in Sciences and Humanities (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11
Page(s)	81-90
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Women Participation, Local Government, Political Leadership, Gender Equality, Patriarchy, Quota System, Nepal Politics

References

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[5]	Gammage, S., Kabeer, N., & Van der Meulen Rodgers, Y. (2016). Voice and agency: Where are we now? In (Vol. 22, pp. 1-29): Taylor & Francis.
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[9]	Meera, M., & Yekta, K. (2021). The Challenges to Political Participation of Women in Afghanistan: Historical and Cultural Perspectives. Asian Studies, 9(1), 65-91.
[10]	Moser, C. (2012). Gender planning and development: Theory, practice and training. Routledge.
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[12]	Othman, N. (2006). Muslim women and the challenge of Islamic fundamentalism/extremism: An overview of Southeast Asian Muslim women's struggle for human rights and gender equality. Women's Studies International Forum,
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[14]	Upreti, B. R., Upreti, D., & Ghale, Y. (2020). Nepali women in politics: success and challenges. Journal of International Women's Studies, 21(2), 76-93.
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[16]	Yadav, Punam (2016): Social Transformation in Post Conﬂict Nepal: A Gender Perspective. New York: Routledge.

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Adhikari, M. P. (2025). Women Participation in Local Government: Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District. Advances in Sciences and Humanities, 11(4), 81-90. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11

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ACS Style

Adhikari, M. P. Women Participation in Local Government: Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District. Adv. Sci. Humanit. 2025, 11(4), 81-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11

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Adhikari MP. Women Participation in Local Government: Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District. Adv Sci Humanit. 2025;11(4):81-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11,
  author = {Mahendra Prasad Adhikari},
  title = {Women Participation in Local Government: Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District},
  journal = {Advances in Sciences and Humanities},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {81-90},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ash.20251104.11},
  abstract = {The research titled "Women Participation in Local Government: A Study of Women Members from Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District" investigates the extent of women's political engagement and their leadership capabilities within the specific context of Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Chitwan. The research employs a combination of primary and secondary data sources, primarily utilizing interview schedules with 61 female local-level leaders. The study's focal points include the challenges faced by women leaders, their capacity to assume leadership roles, and their backgrounds in political and social work. The findings reveal that women in political leadership roles are gradually developing their leadership skills despite encountering hurdles such as limited knowledge in their mandated responsibilities at the local level. These women typically lacked prior political and social work experience, primarily engaging in household and community-based activities. However, they have now transitioned into roles focused on social services, community development, and women's rights advocacy as representatives of their communities. Despite their education, they continue to grapple with societal patriarchal norms. The study also highlights the importance of leadership and women empowerment training, legal education, and the use of quotas by political parties, which have contributed to the increased presence of female political leaders at the local level. These barriers are intricately linked to societal structures and personal capacities. Interestingly, educated and socially active women leaders are actively encouraging other women in their communities to engage in politics for the broader goal of social transformation and empowerment, fostering a sense of unity among women leaders for collective community upliftment.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Women Participation in Local Government: Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District
AU  - Mahendra Prasad Adhikari
Y1  - 2025/12/19
PY  - 2025
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DO  - 10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11
T2  - Advances in Sciences and Humanities
JF  - Advances in Sciences and Humanities
JO  - Advances in Sciences and Humanities
SP  - 81
EP  - 90
PB  - Science Publishing Group
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11
AB  - The research titled "Women Participation in Local Government: A Study of Women Members from Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District" investigates the extent of women's political engagement and their leadership capabilities within the specific context of Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Chitwan. The research employs a combination of primary and secondary data sources, primarily utilizing interview schedules with 61 female local-level leaders. The study's focal points include the challenges faced by women leaders, their capacity to assume leadership roles, and their backgrounds in political and social work. The findings reveal that women in political leadership roles are gradually developing their leadership skills despite encountering hurdles such as limited knowledge in their mandated responsibilities at the local level. These women typically lacked prior political and social work experience, primarily engaging in household and community-based activities. However, they have now transitioned into roles focused on social services, community development, and women's rights advocacy as representatives of their communities. Despite their education, they continue to grapple with societal patriarchal norms. The study also highlights the importance of leadership and women empowerment training, legal education, and the use of quotas by political parties, which have contributed to the increased presence of female political leaders at the local level. These barriers are intricately linked to societal structures and personal capacities. Interestingly, educated and socially active women leaders are actively encouraging other women in their communities to engage in politics for the broader goal of social transformation and empowerment, fostering a sense of unity among women leaders for collective community upliftment.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Mahendra Prasad Adhikari

Library Department, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Nepal

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http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4978-0217

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Adhikari, M. P. (2025). Women Participation in Local Government: Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District. Advances in Sciences and Humanities, 11(4), 81-90. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11

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ACS Style

Adhikari, M. P. Women Participation in Local Government: Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District. Adv. Sci. Humanit. 2025, 11(4), 81-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11

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AMA Style

Adhikari MP. Women Participation in Local Government: Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District. Adv Sci Humanit. 2025;11(4):81-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11,
  author = {Mahendra Prasad Adhikari},
  title = {Women Participation in Local Government: Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District},
  journal = {Advances in Sciences and Humanities},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {81-90},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ash.20251104.11},
  abstract = {The research titled "Women Participation in Local Government: A Study of Women Members from Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District" investigates the extent of women's political engagement and their leadership capabilities within the specific context of Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Chitwan. The research employs a combination of primary and secondary data sources, primarily utilizing interview schedules with 61 female local-level leaders. The study's focal points include the challenges faced by women leaders, their capacity to assume leadership roles, and their backgrounds in political and social work. The findings reveal that women in political leadership roles are gradually developing their leadership skills despite encountering hurdles such as limited knowledge in their mandated responsibilities at the local level. These women typically lacked prior political and social work experience, primarily engaging in household and community-based activities. However, they have now transitioned into roles focused on social services, community development, and women's rights advocacy as representatives of their communities. Despite their education, they continue to grapple with societal patriarchal norms. The study also highlights the importance of leadership and women empowerment training, legal education, and the use of quotas by political parties, which have contributed to the increased presence of female political leaders at the local level. These barriers are intricately linked to societal structures and personal capacities. Interestingly, educated and socially active women leaders are actively encouraging other women in their communities to engage in politics for the broader goal of social transformation and empowerment, fostering a sense of unity among women leaders for collective community upliftment.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Women Participation in Local Government: Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District
AU  - Mahendra Prasad Adhikari
Y1  - 2025/12/19
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11
T2  - Advances in Sciences and Humanities
JF  - Advances in Sciences and Humanities
JO  - Advances in Sciences and Humanities
SP  - 81
EP  - 90
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-0984
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20251104.11
AB  - The research titled "Women Participation in Local Government: A Study of Women Members from Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District" investigates the extent of women's political engagement and their leadership capabilities within the specific context of Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Chitwan. The research employs a combination of primary and secondary data sources, primarily utilizing interview schedules with 61 female local-level leaders. The study's focal points include the challenges faced by women leaders, their capacity to assume leadership roles, and their backgrounds in political and social work. The findings reveal that women in political leadership roles are gradually developing their leadership skills despite encountering hurdles such as limited knowledge in their mandated responsibilities at the local level. These women typically lacked prior political and social work experience, primarily engaging in household and community-based activities. However, they have now transitioned into roles focused on social services, community development, and women's rights advocacy as representatives of their communities. Despite their education, they continue to grapple with societal patriarchal norms. The study also highlights the importance of leadership and women empowerment training, legal education, and the use of quotas by political parties, which have contributed to the increased presence of female political leaders at the local level. These barriers are intricately linked to societal structures and personal capacities. Interestingly, educated and socially active women leaders are actively encouraging other women in their communities to engage in politics for the broader goal of social transformation and empowerment, fostering a sense of unity among women leaders for collective community upliftment.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download