The Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) on Environment and Molecular Techniques to Minimize Its Risk

Girma Haile; Mulugeta Adamu; Tadele Tekle

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11

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The Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) on Environment and Molecular Techniques to Minimize Its Risk

Girma Haile, Mulugeta Adamu, Tadele Tekle

Published in American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology (Volume 6, Issue 4)

Received: 13 November 2020 Accepted: 1 December 2020 Published: 11 December 2020

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Abstract

Biotechnology is the application of scientific techniques to modify and improve plants, animals, and microorganisms to enhance their value. Genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Transgenic technology deals with the integration of exogenous DNA into the plant genome using gene transfer technologies. Genetically modified (GM) crop plants contain artificially inserted gene (s) or “transgenes” from another unrelated plant or from a completely different species via advanced genetic engineering techniques. Transgenic crops do not present new categories of environmental risk compared to conventional methods of crop improvement. Transgenic plants can be generated using (1) biolistic technique where in the desired gene is coated on to either gold or tungsten particles are shot into plant cells using a gene-gun. The necessary criterion for this is that cells or plant tissues should be suitable for transformation permit regeneration of a whole plant thereafter. (2) The other major gene transfer technique makes use of the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, containing a tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid including virulence (vir) gene (s) and a transferred-DNA (T-DNA) region, in which genes of interest can be inserted. Generally the gene that transfer from other organism to the desired crop (GM) can cause different environmental risks like, generation of super weed, development of tolerance to target herbicide, loss of biodiversity and sustainable resistance in insect pests, through gene flow. These risks can be minimized using different molecular techniques such as, maternal inheritance, male sterility, cleistogamy and apomixes, genetic use restriction technologies, genome incompatibility, controlling gene expression and transgenic mitigation.

Published in	American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology (Volume 6, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11
Page(s)	32-39
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Environment, Genetically Modified Organism, Genetics, Molecular Technique, Transgenic Crop

References

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APA Style

Girma Haile, Mulugeta Adamu, Tadele Tekle. (2020). The Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) on Environment and Molecular Techniques to Minimize Its Risk. American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 6(4), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11

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ACS Style

Girma Haile; Mulugeta Adamu; Tadele Tekle. The Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) on Environment and Molecular Techniques to Minimize Its Risk. Am. J. Polym. Sci. Technol. 2020, 6(4), 32-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11

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AMA Style

Girma Haile, Mulugeta Adamu, Tadele Tekle. The Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) on Environment and Molecular Techniques to Minimize Its Risk. Am J Polym Sci Technol. 2020;6(4):32-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11,
  author = {Girma Haile and Mulugeta Adamu and Tadele Tekle},
  title = {The Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) on Environment and Molecular Techniques to Minimize Its Risk},
  journal = {American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {32-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpst.20200604.11},
  abstract = {Biotechnology is the application of scientific techniques to modify and improve plants, animals, and microorganisms to enhance their value. Genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Transgenic technology deals with the integration of exogenous DNA into the plant genome using gene transfer technologies. Genetically modified (GM) crop plants contain artificially inserted gene (s) or “transgenes” from another unrelated plant or from a completely different species via advanced genetic engineering techniques. Transgenic crops do not present new categories of environmental risk compared to conventional methods of crop improvement. Transgenic plants can be generated using (1) biolistic technique where in the desired gene is coated on to either gold or tungsten particles are shot into plant cells using a gene-gun. The necessary criterion for this is that cells or plant tissues should be suitable for transformation permit regeneration of a whole plant thereafter. (2) The other major gene transfer technique makes use of the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, containing a tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid including virulence (vir) gene (s) and a transferred-DNA (T-DNA) region, in which genes of interest can be inserted. Generally the gene that transfer from other organism to the desired crop (GM) can cause different environmental risks like, generation of super weed, development of tolerance to target herbicide, loss of biodiversity and sustainable resistance in insect pests, through gene flow. These risks can be minimized using different molecular techniques such as, maternal inheritance, male sterility, cleistogamy and apomixes, genetic use restriction technologies, genome incompatibility, controlling gene expression and transgenic mitigation.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) on Environment and Molecular Techniques to Minimize Its Risk
AU  - Girma Haile
AU  - Mulugeta Adamu
AU  - Tadele Tekle
Y1  - 2020/12/11
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11
T2  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
JF  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
JO  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
SP  - 32
EP  - 39
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5986
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11
AB  - Biotechnology is the application of scientific techniques to modify and improve plants, animals, and microorganisms to enhance their value. Genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Transgenic technology deals with the integration of exogenous DNA into the plant genome using gene transfer technologies. Genetically modified (GM) crop plants contain artificially inserted gene (s) or “transgenes” from another unrelated plant or from a completely different species via advanced genetic engineering techniques. Transgenic crops do not present new categories of environmental risk compared to conventional methods of crop improvement. Transgenic plants can be generated using (1) biolistic technique where in the desired gene is coated on to either gold or tungsten particles are shot into plant cells using a gene-gun. The necessary criterion for this is that cells or plant tissues should be suitable for transformation permit regeneration of a whole plant thereafter. (2) The other major gene transfer technique makes use of the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, containing a tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid including virulence (vir) gene (s) and a transferred-DNA (T-DNA) region, in which genes of interest can be inserted. Generally the gene that transfer from other organism to the desired crop (GM) can cause different environmental risks like, generation of super weed, development of tolerance to target herbicide, loss of biodiversity and sustainable resistance in insect pests, through gene flow. These risks can be minimized using different molecular techniques such as, maternal inheritance, male sterility, cleistogamy and apomixes, genetic use restriction technologies, genome incompatibility, controlling gene expression and transgenic mitigation.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Girma Haile

Department of Crop Production and Landscape Management, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Mulugeta Adamu

Department of Biotechnology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Tadele Tekle

Department of Biology, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Tepi, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Girma Haile, Mulugeta Adamu, Tadele Tekle. (2020). The Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) on Environment and Molecular Techniques to Minimize Its Risk. American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 6(4), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11

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ACS Style

Girma Haile; Mulugeta Adamu; Tadele Tekle. The Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) on Environment and Molecular Techniques to Minimize Its Risk. Am. J. Polym. Sci. Technol. 2020, 6(4), 32-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11

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AMA Style

Girma Haile, Mulugeta Adamu, Tadele Tekle. The Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) on Environment and Molecular Techniques to Minimize Its Risk. Am J Polym Sci Technol. 2020;6(4):32-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11,
  author = {Girma Haile and Mulugeta Adamu and Tadele Tekle},
  title = {The Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) on Environment and Molecular Techniques to Minimize Its Risk},
  journal = {American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {32-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpst.20200604.11},
  abstract = {Biotechnology is the application of scientific techniques to modify and improve plants, animals, and microorganisms to enhance their value. Genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Transgenic technology deals with the integration of exogenous DNA into the plant genome using gene transfer technologies. Genetically modified (GM) crop plants contain artificially inserted gene (s) or “transgenes” from another unrelated plant or from a completely different species via advanced genetic engineering techniques. Transgenic crops do not present new categories of environmental risk compared to conventional methods of crop improvement. Transgenic plants can be generated using (1) biolistic technique where in the desired gene is coated on to either gold or tungsten particles are shot into plant cells using a gene-gun. The necessary criterion for this is that cells or plant tissues should be suitable for transformation permit regeneration of a whole plant thereafter. (2) The other major gene transfer technique makes use of the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, containing a tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid including virulence (vir) gene (s) and a transferred-DNA (T-DNA) region, in which genes of interest can be inserted. Generally the gene that transfer from other organism to the desired crop (GM) can cause different environmental risks like, generation of super weed, development of tolerance to target herbicide, loss of biodiversity and sustainable resistance in insect pests, through gene flow. These risks can be minimized using different molecular techniques such as, maternal inheritance, male sterility, cleistogamy and apomixes, genetic use restriction technologies, genome incompatibility, controlling gene expression and transgenic mitigation.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) on Environment and Molecular Techniques to Minimize Its Risk
AU  - Girma Haile
AU  - Mulugeta Adamu
AU  - Tadele Tekle
Y1  - 2020/12/11
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11
T2  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
JF  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
JO  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
SP  - 32
EP  - 39
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5986
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20200604.11
AB  - Biotechnology is the application of scientific techniques to modify and improve plants, animals, and microorganisms to enhance their value. Genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Transgenic technology deals with the integration of exogenous DNA into the plant genome using gene transfer technologies. Genetically modified (GM) crop plants contain artificially inserted gene (s) or “transgenes” from another unrelated plant or from a completely different species via advanced genetic engineering techniques. Transgenic crops do not present new categories of environmental risk compared to conventional methods of crop improvement. Transgenic plants can be generated using (1) biolistic technique where in the desired gene is coated on to either gold or tungsten particles are shot into plant cells using a gene-gun. The necessary criterion for this is that cells or plant tissues should be suitable for transformation permit regeneration of a whole plant thereafter. (2) The other major gene transfer technique makes use of the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, containing a tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid including virulence (vir) gene (s) and a transferred-DNA (T-DNA) region, in which genes of interest can be inserted. Generally the gene that transfer from other organism to the desired crop (GM) can cause different environmental risks like, generation of super weed, development of tolerance to target herbicide, loss of biodiversity and sustainable resistance in insect pests, through gene flow. These risks can be minimized using different molecular techniques such as, maternal inheritance, male sterility, cleistogamy and apomixes, genetic use restriction technologies, genome incompatibility, controlling gene expression and transgenic mitigation.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

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