Evaluation of Released Coffee Varieties in Jinka-South Omo Coffee Growing Areas, South Western Ethiopia

Dawit Merga; Atlaw Eschbel; Lemi Beksisa; Fekadu Tefera; Desalegn Alemayehu; Mohammedsani Zakir; Melaku Adisu; Adimkew Getaneh

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15

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Evaluation of Released Coffee Varieties in Jinka-South Omo Coffee Growing Areas, South Western Ethiopia

Dawit Merga^*

, Atlaw Eschbel, Lemi Beksisa, Fekadu Tefera, Desalegn Alemayehu

, Mohammedsani Zakir

, Melaku Adisu, Adimkew Getaneh

Published in American Journal of Plant Biology (Volume 9, Issue 4)

Received: 19 September 2024 Accepted: 25 October 2024 Published: 9 December 2024

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Abstract

South-Omo is one the potential coffee producing areas of south western Ethiopia. However, the coffee producers are still challenging with lack of improved varieties. To overcome this problem and deliver coffee technologies in a short period of time, testing the adaptability of released coffee verities breeding program was designed. The objectives were to test the adaptability of released coffee varieties under Jinka coffee growing area and to identify the suitable varieties and recommend for users. Seven selected coffee varieties and one local check were tested around Jinka area. The experiment was established in 2018. The varieties were tested in replicated trial with completely randomized block design (RCBD) for two constitutive seasons at Shirshir kebele site, South Ari in South Omo. Data were collected for clean bean yield and growth parameters such as number of primary branches and number of fruits per primary branch. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using SAS software. The significant difference was observed among varieties for yield and yield related traits. Among the tested varieties, Menesibu and Desu showed best adaptability to the area. Generally, Menesibu and Desu were identified as the best adaptable varieties and recommended for further multiplication and distribution for framers and other users.

Published in	American Journal of Plant Biology (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15
Page(s)	130-134
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adaptability, Clean Coffee Yield, Growth Traits, Uniformity, Varieties

1. Introduction

Coffee has a principal role in world market

[1]

following oil and produced in over 80 countries worldwide

[2]

. Among 125 coffee species, Arabica coffee species is the dominant in the world coffee production

[3]

and the first in rank for consumers preference due to its unique quality constituent naturally. It has many biological traits that make it different form other coffee species. Coffea arabica L. is tetraploid (2n = 4x = 44) and autogamous species in nature

[4, 5]

. Ethiopia is the land of origin for this special coffee species and donated to different world’s continents. Also, Ethiopia is the only country that produces Arabica coffee alone, and delivers organic coffee for world’s market. Arabica coffee is the sources of desirable traits for quality improvement for different coffee species that are under production for beverage industries and direct consumption. Additionally, it is the source of gene for the transgenic commercial coffee varieties for their quality and agronomic traits improvement.

Over 125million world population livelihood relied directly and indirectly on coffee product

[2]

. About 15million Ethiopian population lead their livelihood using the Arabica coffee’s product

[2, 6]

. Also, 30-35% of Ethiopian foreign exchange income generated from this crop only. To increase by two fold the income generated by Arabica coffee, Ethiopian government has planned to increase the coffee production and productivity having better quality by using coffee technologies and expanding coffee production areas that suitable for production. To achieve this plan, Jimma Agricultural Research Center (JARC) has given national level mandate of organizing coffee research; currently, JARC carrying out, different research work to generate new technologies, and demonstrating and distributing technologies to users in collaboration with different research organizations, regionals Agricultural offices and academia institutes.

South-Omo around Jinka area is one of the south parts of Ethiopia that highly produce field crops. However, it has high potential areas for Arabica coffee production. Many farmers in these areas produce coffee for consumption and income source. However, the coffee productions of new potential areas have been mainly depending on unimproved local landraces and the average yield of the area is 460kg ha^-1

[7]

; this showed the decrease of average yield by threefold when compared with those using improved varieties. Hence, for such areas searching for resistance materials via adaptation trials and/ or form collection and evaluation of genetic resource for high yielding and disease resistance are among the conspicuous solution. To unravel the problem in short period of time, having smart intention and short breeding program has high worth and plays great role in achievement of high rate of genetic gain. Depending up on the prioritized research agenda, carrying out adaptation trails using high yielding with acceptable quality, disease resistance and possessing divergent desirable traits of released coffee varieties is among the most important for Jinka. Hence, JARC in collaboration with Jinka Agricultural research center planned to work on adaptation trial by selecting morphologically divergent released coffee varieties of south west coffee producing areas. Thus, the current study was conducted to identify the most adaptable and high yielding coffee variety/ies for Jinka and its surrounding and to recommend the best performing varieties for users.

2. Materials and Methods

Eight coffee varieties (7440, 7454, 74110, 74158, Dessu, Angafa, Menesibu and one local check) were planted using RCB design in three replications at Shirshir kebele, South Ari Woreda of South Omo in 2018. It was planted in 2018 around Jinka using RCB design in three replications; eight trees were planted per plot with 2mx2m spacing. Subsequent data collection and field management were applied as per recommendation

[8]

Data Collection and Analysis

Yield data was recorded for two consecutive years by harvesting fresh red cherry form each plot (g/plot). The lately harvest such as buni (dried coffee) which was harvested from trees and from the ground were converted to fresh cherry yield in g /plot multiplying by 2.6 (Conversion factor). Fresh cherry yield in g/plot was converted to fresh cherry yield in g/tree for mean comparison. This was in turn converted to yield in clean coffee kg ha^-1. Data of yield related traits such as number of primary branches and number of fruit per primary branches were recorded. Data uniformity was tested before executing further statistical analysis. The summarized data were subjected to statistical analysis using SAS software version 9.4

[9]

. The significant difference among varieties was tested at 5% probability level (p<0.05), and the mean difference between treatments was tested using least significant difference (LSD).

3. Results and Discussion

The results manifested that there was significant difference among the tested materials under adaptation trial. Variability of field performance was observed among varieties in yield and growth parameters such as number of primary branch and number fruit per preprimary branch (Table 1 and Table 2). The average yield was ranged from 120kg ha^-1 to 1000kg ha-1; also, the mean performance in number of primary branch and number of fruits per primary branch ranged from 22.12 -44.16 and 19.39- 65.34, respectively (Table 2). This indicated that the availability of variability among varieties under adaptation trial. In agreement, findings confirmed that the existence of variability among Arabica coffee genotypes in yield and yield related traits performance

[10-14]

Table 1. Clean coffee yield of coffee varieties at Shishir kebele.

Varieties	Clean coffee yield (kg ha^-1))
Varieties	Year 2021	Year 2022	Combined
Angafa	470cd	499cd	480cd
7440	375de	276de	320de
Local	583cd	1304a	940ab
Desu	883ab	666c	770b
74110	328de	205e	260ef
Menesibu	1012a	984b	1000a
7554	709bc	360de	530c
74158	98e	157e	120f
CV	29.25	28.66	28.12
LSD	286	278	184

The highest mean clean coffee yield 1000 kg ha^-1 was recorded by Menesibu and followed by local check and Dessu (940 and 770 kg ha^-1), respectively (Table 1). However, the local check lack uniformity with in plot and no repeatability across replications. Uniformity and repeatability of the coffee trees and performance were observed for both Menesibu and Dessu during field evaluation. Also, Angafa had showed good morphological performance and uniformity, and very good leaf to fruit ration during field evaluation in August, 2022. But it showed low yield performance when compared with Menesibu and Dessu which were the top yielders and well-adapted varieties. Relatively these two checks showed high yield and consistence in yield performance across seasons (Figure 1). In line with this, Dawit et al.

[15]

reported that the sustainable yield performance of some coffee genotypes across harvesting seasons.

Almost all, compact varieties such as 74110 and 74158 showed poor adaptability and yield performance at testing sites. Menesibu, Desu and Angafa showed high number of primary branch per main stem over the rest varieties. Also, Menesibu and Desu had recorded the highest number of fruits per primary branch 63.42 and 65.34, respectively. Similarly, findings authenticated that the positive correlation of number of primary branches and number of fruit per primary branch to clean coffee yield

[16-19]

. Hence, Menesibu and Desu were identified as best adaptable varieties to shirshir kebele and Jinka surroundings of coffee producing areas, and recommended for further multiplication and distribution to users.

Download: Download full-size image

Figure 1. Yield performance across harvesting seasons.

Table 2. Growth performance of coffee varieties at Shishir kebele, around Jinka in South Omo.

Varieties	Number of primary branch			No fruit per primary branch
Varieties	Year 2021	Year 2022	Combined	Year 2021	Year 2023	Combined
Angafa	33.92	41.33ab	37.62ab	64.44ab	37.34cd	50.89bcd
7440	24.92	29.00b	26.95cd	60.181ab	34.83cd	47.50cd
Local	32.66	55.66ª	44.16ª	50.86b	65.96ª	58.41abc
Desu	33.25	35.33b	34.22abc	75.291ª	55.40ab	65.34ª
74110	28.58	24.33b	26.45cd	42.22b	18.26e	30.24e
Menesibu	30.58	37.66ab	34.12abc	82.21a	44.63bc	63.42ab
7554	30.58	26.00b	28.62bcd	52.62b	34.03cd	43.32d
74158	18.58	25.66b	22.12d	14.4c	24.03de	19.39e
CV	19.03	30.52	26.97	23.19	22.39	22.59
LSD	9.71	18.4	10.11	22.617	15.41	12.62

4. Conclusion and Recommendations

Tested varieties under adaptation trial showed significant different performance in yield and growth parameters at shirshir around Jinka. Menesibu and Desu showed high in yield performance and yield related traits. Also, they exhibited uniformity and consistency across seasons in yield. Even though local check recorded comparable yield performance with these candidates, it was poor in uniformity with in experimental plot and across replications. Both, Menesibu and Desu showed best adaptability to the area. In conclusion, Menesibu and Desu were identified as the best adaptable varieties and recommended for further multiplication and distribution for framers and other users.

Abbreviations

CV	Coefficient of Variation
EIAR	Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research
JARC	Jimma Agricultural Research Center
LSD	Least Significant Difference
RCBD	Completely Randomized Block Design
SAS	Statistical Analysis System

Acknowledgments

This work was financed by Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR). The authors thank EIAR and Jimma Agricultural Research Center (JARC) for their financial, technical and logistic support starting from the establishment of the experiment to its accomplishment. Also, the authors highly appreciate Jinka Agricultural Research Center for their technical support, close supervision and management of the investigation and trial site.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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APA Style

Merga, D., Eschbel, A., Beksisa, L., Tefera, F., Alemayehu, D., et al. (2024). Evaluation of Released Coffee Varieties in Jinka-South Omo Coffee Growing Areas, South Western Ethiopia. American Journal of Plant Biology, 9(4), 130-134. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15

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ACS Style

Merga, D.; Eschbel, A.; Beksisa, L.; Tefera, F.; Alemayehu, D., et al. Evaluation of Released Coffee Varieties in Jinka-South Omo Coffee Growing Areas, South Western Ethiopia. Am. J. Plant Biol. 2024, 9(4), 130-134. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15

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AMA Style

Merga D, Eschbel A, Beksisa L, Tefera F, Alemayehu D, et al. Evaluation of Released Coffee Varieties in Jinka-South Omo Coffee Growing Areas, South Western Ethiopia. Am J Plant Biol. 2024;9(4):130-134. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15,
  author = {Dawit Merga and Atlaw Eschbel and Lemi Beksisa and Fekadu Tefera and Desalegn Alemayehu and Mohammedsani Zakir and Melaku Adisu and Adimkew Getaneh},
  title = {Evaluation of Released Coffee Varieties in Jinka-South Omo Coffee Growing Areas, South Western Ethiopia
},
  journal = {American Journal of Plant Biology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {130-134},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpb.20240904.15},
  abstract = {South-Omo is one the potential coffee producing areas of south western Ethiopia. However, the coffee producers are still challenging with lack of improved varieties. To overcome this problem and deliver coffee technologies in a short period of time, testing the adaptability of released coffee verities breeding program was designed. The objectives were to test the adaptability of released coffee varieties under Jinka coffee growing area and to identify the suitable varieties and recommend for users. Seven selected coffee varieties and one local check were tested around Jinka area. The experiment was established in 2018. The varieties were tested in replicated trial with completely randomized block design (RCBD) for two constitutive seasons at Shirshir kebele site, South Ari in South Omo. Data were collected for clean bean yield and growth parameters such as number of primary branches and number of fruits per primary branch. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using SAS software. The significant difference was observed among varieties for yield and yield related traits. Among the tested varieties, Menesibu and Desu showed best adaptability to the area. Generally, Menesibu and Desu were identified as the best adaptable varieties and recommended for further multiplication and distribution for framers and other users.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of Released Coffee Varieties in Jinka-South Omo Coffee Growing Areas, South Western Ethiopia

AU - Dawit Merga
AU - Atlaw Eschbel
AU - Lemi Beksisa
AU - Fekadu Tefera
AU - Desalegn Alemayehu
AU - Mohammedsani Zakir
AU - Melaku Adisu
AU - Adimkew Getaneh
Y1 - 2024/12/09
PY - 2024
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15
DO - 10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15
T2 - American Journal of Plant Biology
JF - American Journal of Plant Biology
JO - American Journal of Plant Biology
SP - 130
EP - 134
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2578-8337
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15
AB - South-Omo is one the potential coffee producing areas of south western Ethiopia. However, the coffee producers are still challenging with lack of improved varieties. To overcome this problem and deliver coffee technologies in a short period of time, testing the adaptability of released coffee verities breeding program was designed. The objectives were to test the adaptability of released coffee varieties under Jinka coffee growing area and to identify the suitable varieties and recommend for users. Seven selected coffee varieties and one local check were tested around Jinka area. The experiment was established in 2018. The varieties were tested in replicated trial with completely randomized block design (RCBD) for two constitutive seasons at Shirshir kebele site, South Ari in South Omo. Data were collected for clean bean yield and growth parameters such as number of primary branches and number of fruits per primary branch. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using SAS software. The significant difference was observed among varieties for yield and yield related traits. Among the tested varieties, Menesibu and Desu showed best adaptability to the area. Generally, Menesibu and Desu were identified as the best adaptable varieties and recommended for further multiplication and distribution for framers and other users.

VL - 9
IS - 4
ER -

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Author Information

Dawit Merga

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

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http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5673-5220
Atlaw Eschbel

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jinka Agricultural Research Center, Jinka, Ethiopia

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Lemi Beksisa

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

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Fekadu Tefera

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

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Desalegn Alemayehu

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

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http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3002-739X
Mohammedsani Zakir

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

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http://orcid.org/0009-0000-0613-629X
Melaku Adisu

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

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Adimkew Getaneh

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

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Figure 1

Figure 1. Yield performance across harvesting seasons.

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Merga, D., Eschbel, A., Beksisa, L., Tefera, F., Alemayehu, D., et al. (2024). Evaluation of Released Coffee Varieties in Jinka-South Omo Coffee Growing Areas, South Western Ethiopia. American Journal of Plant Biology, 9(4), 130-134. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15

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ACS Style

Merga, D.; Eschbel, A.; Beksisa, L.; Tefera, F.; Alemayehu, D., et al. Evaluation of Released Coffee Varieties in Jinka-South Omo Coffee Growing Areas, South Western Ethiopia. Am. J. Plant Biol. 2024, 9(4), 130-134. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15

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AMA Style

Merga D, Eschbel A, Beksisa L, Tefera F, Alemayehu D, et al. Evaluation of Released Coffee Varieties in Jinka-South Omo Coffee Growing Areas, South Western Ethiopia. Am J Plant Biol. 2024;9(4):130-134. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15,
  author = {Dawit Merga and Atlaw Eschbel and Lemi Beksisa and Fekadu Tefera and Desalegn Alemayehu and Mohammedsani Zakir and Melaku Adisu and Adimkew Getaneh},
  title = {Evaluation of Released Coffee Varieties in Jinka-South Omo Coffee Growing Areas, South Western Ethiopia
},
  journal = {American Journal of Plant Biology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {130-134},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20240904.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpb.20240904.15},
  abstract = {South-Omo is one the potential coffee producing areas of south western Ethiopia. However, the coffee producers are still challenging with lack of improved varieties. To overcome this problem and deliver coffee technologies in a short period of time, testing the adaptability of released coffee verities breeding program was designed. The objectives were to test the adaptability of released coffee varieties under Jinka coffee growing area and to identify the suitable varieties and recommend for users. Seven selected coffee varieties and one local check were tested around Jinka area. The experiment was established in 2018. The varieties were tested in replicated trial with completely randomized block design (RCBD) for two constitutive seasons at Shirshir kebele site, South Ari in South Omo. Data were collected for clean bean yield and growth parameters such as number of primary branches and number of fruits per primary branch. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using SAS software. The significant difference was observed among varieties for yield and yield related traits. Among the tested varieties, Menesibu and Desu showed best adaptability to the area. Generally, Menesibu and Desu were identified as the best adaptable varieties and recommended for further multiplication and distribution for framers and other users.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of Released Coffee Varieties in Jinka-South Omo Coffee Growing Areas, South Western Ethiopia

VL - 9
IS - 4
ER -

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