Adaptation and On-farm Evaluation of Tractor-Operated Teff Thresher

Wasihun Mitiku; Anane Gemada; Rabira Wirtu; Husen Bona

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12

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Adaptation and On-farm Evaluation of Tractor-Operated Teff Thresher

Wasihun Mitiku^*

, Anane Gemada, Rabira Wirtu, Husen Bona

Published in American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (Volume 11, Issue 2)

Received: 12 June 2026 Accepted: 1 July 2026 Published: 22 July 2026

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Abstract

This study evaluates the performance of the BAERC model tractor PTO-operated teff thresher under varying operating conditions, specifically feed rate and threshing drum speed. The experiment was conducted using three levels of feed rate (22, 26, and 30 kg/min) and three drum speeds (700, 750, and 800 rpm). Key performance indicators, including threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, and seed loss percentage, were measured and analyzed using factorial ANOVA. Results indicated that both feed rate and drum speed had significant effects (p < 0.05) on threshing efficiency, while cleaning efficiency was significantly influenced by feed rate alone. The maximum threshing capacity of the machine was 553.57 kg/hr, which was obtained at maximum RPM (800) and 30 kg/min feed rate. The highest threshing efficiency (99.65%) was achieved at 800 rpm and 22 kg/min, while the cleaning efficiency decreased with increasing feed rate, particularly at lower drum speeds. Minimum seed losses were recorded at 750 rpm. The findings suggest that optimal machine performance can be achieved at moderate feed rates of 26 kg/min and drum speeds of 750 rpm, 458.4kg/hr. The grain straw ratio 1: 1.26. This study concludes that the BAERC teff thresher is technically suitable for smallholder farming systems in Ethiopia, offering a balanced trade-off between grain quality, efficiency, and throughput.

Published in	American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (Volume 11, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12
Page(s)	32-37
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Capacity, Efficiency, Feeding Rates, Throughput

References

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[2]	Adepoju, Mary, Carol Verheecke-Vaessen, Laxmi Ravikumar Pillai, Heidi Phillips, and Carla Cervini. 2024. Unlocking the Potential of Teff for Sustainable, Gluten-Free Diets and Unravelling Its Production Challenges to Address Global Food and Nutrition Security: A Review. Foods 13(21): 3394. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13213394
[3]	Alabi, et al. 2025. Optimisation of the Performance of a Cleaning-Type Teff Thresher Using Response Surface Methodology. Journal of Applied Life Sciences and Environment 58(3): 469-480. https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583186
[4]	Amponsah, Shadrack Kwadwo, Ahmad Addo, Komla Dzisi, Jean Moreira, and Sali Atanga Ndindeng. 2017. Comparative Evaluation of Mechanized and Manual Threshing Options for Amankwaa and Agra Rice Varieties in Ghana. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Xlviii. https://doi.org/10.4081/Jae.2017.684
[5]	Ashebir, Tsegaye, Degefa Woyessa, and Tamirat Gabiso. 2023. Performance Evaluation of CAAMs Teff Thresher. International Journal of Precision Farming 1(1): 25-30.
[6]	CSA, 2023. Central Statistical Agency Statistical Report On 2023. (July).
[7]	Faisal, And Nasr. 2020. The Performance Evaluation of Thresher Machine Attached to A Tractor. Journal of Agriculture and Research 6(3): 7-16.
[8]	Gbabo, Agidi, Lukman Abdullahi, and A M Kuku. 2014. Design, Fabrication and Testing of Improved Traditional Rice Parboiler. J. Sci. Res. Rep, 30, 917-934.
[9]	Gebru, Yoseph Asmelash, Desta Berhe Sbhatu, and Kwang-Pyo Kim. 2020. Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Teff (Eragrostis Tef (Zucc.) Trotter). Journal of Food Quality 2020(1): 9595086.
[10]	Gomez, Kwanchai A, and Arturo A Gomez. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. John Wiley and Sons.
[11]	Kibi, Gelgelo. 2021. Modification and Evaluation Bako teff Thresher to Tractor PTO Operation International Journal of Engineering Research-Online. 9(4). https://doi.org/10.33329/Ijoer.9.4.1
[12]	Kidanmariam, Geta, Daniel Tilahun, and Adamu Zegeye. 2023. Effect of Designed Threshing Unit on Performance of Teff [Eragrostistef (Zucc.) Trotter] Thresher. Agricultural Engineering International: Cigr Journal 25(3): 210-22.
[13]	Ndirika, V I O. 1994. Development and Performance Evaluation of a Millet Thresher. Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Technology 2(1): 80-89.
[14]	Tiguh, Eniyew Eskezia, Mulugeta Admasu Delele, Addisu Negash Ali, Geta Kidanemariam, and Solomon Workneh Fanta. 2024. “Assessment of Harvest and Postharvest Losses of Teff (Eragrostistef (Zucc.)) And Methods of Loss Reduction: A Review.” Heliyon 10(9).
[15]	Zewdie, Biniam, Adesoji M. Olaniyan, Amana Wako, Dereje Alemu, and Tamrat Lema. 2024. Optimization of Melkassa Agricultural Research Center (MARC) Bean Thresher Parameters Using Response Surface Method (RSM). INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering 74(3): 335-344. https://doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-74-29

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APA Style

Mitiku, W., Gemada, A., Wirtu, R., Bona, H. (2026). Adaptation and On-farm Evaluation of Tractor-Operated Teff Thresher. American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 11(2), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12

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ACS Style

Mitiku, W.; Gemada, A.; Wirtu, R.; Bona, H. Adaptation and On-farm Evaluation of Tractor-Operated Teff Thresher. Am. J. Mech. Ind. Eng. 2026, 11(2), 32-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12

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AMA Style

Mitiku W, Gemada A, Wirtu R, Bona H. Adaptation and On-farm Evaluation of Tractor-Operated Teff Thresher. Am J Mech Ind Eng. 2026;11(2):32-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12,
  author = {Wasihun Mitiku and Anane Gemada and Rabira Wirtu and Husen Bona},
  title = {Adaptation and On-farm Evaluation of Tractor-Operated Teff Thresher},
  journal = {American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {32-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmie.20261102.12},
  abstract = {This study evaluates the performance of the BAERC model tractor PTO-operated teff thresher under varying operating conditions, specifically feed rate and threshing drum speed. The experiment was conducted using three levels of feed rate (22, 26, and 30 kg/min) and three drum speeds (700, 750, and 800 rpm). Key performance indicators, including threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, and seed loss percentage, were measured and analyzed using factorial ANOVA. Results indicated that both feed rate and drum speed had significant effects (p < 0.05) on threshing efficiency, while cleaning efficiency was significantly influenced by feed rate alone. The maximum threshing capacity of the machine was 553.57 kg/hr, which was obtained at maximum RPM (800) and 30 kg/min feed rate. The highest threshing efficiency (99.65%) was achieved at 800 rpm and 22 kg/min, while the cleaning efficiency decreased with increasing feed rate, particularly at lower drum speeds. Minimum seed losses were recorded at 750 rpm. The findings suggest that optimal machine performance can be achieved at moderate feed rates of 26 kg/min and drum speeds of 750 rpm, 458.4kg/hr. The grain straw ratio 1: 1.26. This study concludes that the BAERC teff thresher is technically suitable for smallholder farming systems in Ethiopia, offering a balanced trade-off between grain quality, efficiency, and throughput.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Adaptation and On-farm Evaluation of Tractor-Operated Teff Thresher
AU  - Wasihun Mitiku
AU  - Anane Gemada
AU  - Rabira Wirtu
AU  - Husen Bona
Y1  - 2026/07/22
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12
T2  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
SP  - 32
EP  - 37
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-6060
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12
AB  - This study evaluates the performance of the BAERC model tractor PTO-operated teff thresher under varying operating conditions, specifically feed rate and threshing drum speed. The experiment was conducted using three levels of feed rate (22, 26, and 30 kg/min) and three drum speeds (700, 750, and 800 rpm). Key performance indicators, including threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, and seed loss percentage, were measured and analyzed using factorial ANOVA. Results indicated that both feed rate and drum speed had significant effects (p < 0.05) on threshing efficiency, while cleaning efficiency was significantly influenced by feed rate alone. The maximum threshing capacity of the machine was 553.57 kg/hr, which was obtained at maximum RPM (800) and 30 kg/min feed rate. The highest threshing efficiency (99.65%) was achieved at 800 rpm and 22 kg/min, while the cleaning efficiency decreased with increasing feed rate, particularly at lower drum speeds. Minimum seed losses were recorded at 750 rpm. The findings suggest that optimal machine performance can be achieved at moderate feed rates of 26 kg/min and drum speeds of 750 rpm, 458.4kg/hr. The grain straw ratio 1: 1.26. This study concludes that the BAERC teff thresher is technically suitable for smallholder farming systems in Ethiopia, offering a balanced trade-off between grain quality, efficiency, and throughput.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Wasihun Mitiku

Jimma Agricultural Engineering Research Center, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Jimma, Ethiopia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0006-6017-7619
Anane Gemada

Jimma Agricultural Engineering Research Center, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Jimma, Ethiopia
Rabira Wirtu

Jimma Agricultural Engineering Research Center, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Jimma, Ethiopia
Husen Bona

Jimma Agricultural Engineering Research Center, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Jimma, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Mitiku, W., Gemada, A., Wirtu, R., Bona, H. (2026). Adaptation and On-farm Evaluation of Tractor-Operated Teff Thresher. American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 11(2), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12

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ACS Style

Mitiku, W.; Gemada, A.; Wirtu, R.; Bona, H. Adaptation and On-farm Evaluation of Tractor-Operated Teff Thresher. Am. J. Mech. Ind. Eng. 2026, 11(2), 32-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12

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AMA Style

Mitiku W, Gemada A, Wirtu R, Bona H. Adaptation and On-farm Evaluation of Tractor-Operated Teff Thresher. Am J Mech Ind Eng. 2026;11(2):32-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12,
  author = {Wasihun Mitiku and Anane Gemada and Rabira Wirtu and Husen Bona},
  title = {Adaptation and On-farm Evaluation of Tractor-Operated Teff Thresher},
  journal = {American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {32-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmie.20261102.12},
  abstract = {This study evaluates the performance of the BAERC model tractor PTO-operated teff thresher under varying operating conditions, specifically feed rate and threshing drum speed. The experiment was conducted using three levels of feed rate (22, 26, and 30 kg/min) and three drum speeds (700, 750, and 800 rpm). Key performance indicators, including threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, and seed loss percentage, were measured and analyzed using factorial ANOVA. Results indicated that both feed rate and drum speed had significant effects (p < 0.05) on threshing efficiency, while cleaning efficiency was significantly influenced by feed rate alone. The maximum threshing capacity of the machine was 553.57 kg/hr, which was obtained at maximum RPM (800) and 30 kg/min feed rate. The highest threshing efficiency (99.65%) was achieved at 800 rpm and 22 kg/min, while the cleaning efficiency decreased with increasing feed rate, particularly at lower drum speeds. Minimum seed losses were recorded at 750 rpm. The findings suggest that optimal machine performance can be achieved at moderate feed rates of 26 kg/min and drum speeds of 750 rpm, 458.4kg/hr. The grain straw ratio 1: 1.26. This study concludes that the BAERC teff thresher is technically suitable for smallholder farming systems in Ethiopia, offering a balanced trade-off between grain quality, efficiency, and throughput.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Adaptation and On-farm Evaluation of Tractor-Operated Teff Thresher
AU  - Wasihun Mitiku
AU  - Anane Gemada
AU  - Rabira Wirtu
AU  - Husen Bona
Y1  - 2026/07/22
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12
T2  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
SP  - 32
EP  - 37
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-6060
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20261102.12
AB  - This study evaluates the performance of the BAERC model tractor PTO-operated teff thresher under varying operating conditions, specifically feed rate and threshing drum speed. The experiment was conducted using three levels of feed rate (22, 26, and 30 kg/min) and three drum speeds (700, 750, and 800 rpm). Key performance indicators, including threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, and seed loss percentage, were measured and analyzed using factorial ANOVA. Results indicated that both feed rate and drum speed had significant effects (p < 0.05) on threshing efficiency, while cleaning efficiency was significantly influenced by feed rate alone. The maximum threshing capacity of the machine was 553.57 kg/hr, which was obtained at maximum RPM (800) and 30 kg/min feed rate. The highest threshing efficiency (99.65%) was achieved at 800 rpm and 22 kg/min, while the cleaning efficiency decreased with increasing feed rate, particularly at lower drum speeds. Minimum seed losses were recorded at 750 rpm. The findings suggest that optimal machine performance can be achieved at moderate feed rates of 26 kg/min and drum speeds of 750 rpm, 458.4kg/hr. The grain straw ratio 1: 1.26. This study concludes that the BAERC teff thresher is technically suitable for smallholder farming systems in Ethiopia, offering a balanced trade-off between grain quality, efficiency, and throughput.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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