Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria

Edward Deborah Shetu; Muhammad Yusha`u; Auwalu Uba; Ogboi Johnbull Sonny; Edward Isaac Usman

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11

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Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria

Edward Deborah Shetu, Muhammad Yusha`u, Auwalu Uba, Ogboi Johnbull Sonny, Edward Isaac Usman

Published in American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 5)

Received: 11 February 2017 Accepted: 21 April 2017 Published: 24 October 2017

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Abstract

Extended spectrumβ-lactamses (ESBL) are a group of plasmid mediated, diverse, complex, and rapidly evolving enzymes that are posing a major therapeutic challenge today in the treatment of hospitalized and community patients. Due to non-regulation of snacks, people are exposed to pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study is to detect extended spectrum β-lactamases among bacteria isolates from snack foods sold in Kaduna metropolis Nigeria. A total of 144 samples comprising of meat-pie, doughnut, egg-roll, buns, samosa, burger and pizza were cultured on blood agar, McConkey agar and Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Defficient Agar, for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The isolated organisms were subjected to biochemical tests for identification using standard procedures. The isolates were screened for Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) production using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) break point using ceftriazone (30µg) and cefotaxime (30µg). Suspected ESBLs producing organisms from screening tests were subjected to double disc synergy test (DDST) for confirmation and standard discs of Augmentin (30µg). Out of the 144 snack samples analysed, 24 Gram negative entericbacteria were isolated and these includes: Citrobacter freundii 6(25%), Echerichia coli 1(4.2%), Enterobacter sp. 2(8.3%), Klebsiella pneumonia 7(29.2%), Proteus mirabilis 1(4.2%), Serratia marcenscens 4(16.7%), Morganella morganii 1(4.2%), providencia sp. 1(4.2%) and Shigella sp. 1(4.2%). Detection of ESBL among Gram-negative isolates based on CLSI revealed that 16(66.7%) of the isolates were ESBL producers while 37.5% were confirmed as ESBLs producers using Double Disc Synergy Test. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between the different beta-lactamases producing isolates (P<0.05). It also showed a significant relationship between the occurrences of beta-lactamase producing isolates among the different snacks (P<0.05) This study indicated that snack foods can be contaminated by ESBLs producing bacteria and may result to infections following consumption by humans which have public health implications for the general public.

Published in	American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11
Page(s)	84-89
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Snacks, Beta-Lactamase, Gram Positive, Gram Negative

References

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[15]	Rooney P. J. O`Leary M., Loughary A. C. Mcmacmaont M. Smith B. Donaghy P. Badri M. Wordford N. Karisik E. Livermore D.M.(2009). Nursing homes as a reservoir for extended spectrum bets lactamases (ESBL) producing ciproflozacin resistant E.coli. journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 64: 653 – 641.
[16]	Yusha’u M, Umar M. Iand Suleiman K,(2010). Indigenous commercial drinks as potential sources of extended spectrumβ–Lactamases (ESBL) producing organisms in Kano–Nigeria. International Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences. 6(1).
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APA Style

Edward Deborah Shetu, Muhammad Yusha`u, Auwalu Uba, Ogboi Johnbull Sonny, Edward Isaac Usman. (2017). Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2(5), 84-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11

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ACS Style

Edward Deborah Shetu; Muhammad Yusha`u; Auwalu Uba; Ogboi Johnbull Sonny; Edward Isaac Usman. Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2017, 2(5), 84-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11

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AMA Style

Edward Deborah Shetu, Muhammad Yusha`u, Auwalu Uba, Ogboi Johnbull Sonny, Edward Isaac Usman. Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria. Am J Lab Med. 2017;2(5):84-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11,
  author = {Edward Deborah Shetu and Muhammad Yusha`u and Auwalu Uba and Ogboi Johnbull Sonny and Edward Isaac Usman},
  title = {Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {84-89},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20170205.11},
  abstract = {Extended spectrumβ-lactamses (ESBL) are a group of plasmid mediated, diverse, complex, and rapidly evolving enzymes that are posing a major therapeutic challenge today in the treatment of hospitalized and community patients. Due to non-regulation of snacks, people are exposed to pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study is to detect extended spectrum β-lactamases among bacteria isolates from snack foods sold in Kaduna metropolis Nigeria. A total of 144 samples comprising of meat-pie, doughnut, egg-roll, buns, samosa, burger and pizza were cultured on blood agar, McConkey agar and Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Defficient Agar, for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The isolated organisms were subjected to biochemical tests for identification using standard procedures. The isolates were screened for Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) production using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) break point using ceftriazone (30µg) and cefotaxime (30µg). Suspected ESBLs producing organisms from screening tests were subjected to double disc synergy test (DDST) for confirmation and standard discs of Augmentin (30µg). Out of the 144 snack samples analysed, 24 Gram negative entericbacteria were isolated and these includes: Citrobacter freundii 6(25%), Echerichia coli 1(4.2%), Enterobacter sp. 2(8.3%), Klebsiella pneumonia 7(29.2%), Proteus mirabilis 1(4.2%), Serratia marcenscens 4(16.7%), Morganella morganii 1(4.2%), providencia sp. 1(4.2%) and Shigella sp. 1(4.2%). Detection of ESBL among Gram-negative  isolates based on CLSI revealed that 16(66.7%) of the isolates were ESBL producers while 37.5% were confirmed as ESBLs producers using Double Disc Synergy Test. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between the  different beta-lactamases producing isolates (P<0.05). It also showed a significant relationship between the occurrences of beta-lactamase producing isolates among the different snacks (P<0.05) This study indicated that snack foods can be contaminated by ESBLs producing bacteria and may result to infections following consumption by humans which have public health implications for the general public.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria
AU  - Edward Deborah Shetu
AU  - Muhammad Yusha`u
AU  - Auwalu Uba
AU  - Ogboi Johnbull Sonny
AU  - Edward Isaac Usman
Y1  - 2017/10/24
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11
T2  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
SP  - 84
EP  - 89
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-386X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11
AB  - Extended spectrumβ-lactamses (ESBL) are a group of plasmid mediated, diverse, complex, and rapidly evolving enzymes that are posing a major therapeutic challenge today in the treatment of hospitalized and community patients. Due to non-regulation of snacks, people are exposed to pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study is to detect extended spectrum β-lactamases among bacteria isolates from snack foods sold in Kaduna metropolis Nigeria. A total of 144 samples comprising of meat-pie, doughnut, egg-roll, buns, samosa, burger and pizza were cultured on blood agar, McConkey agar and Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Defficient Agar, for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The isolated organisms were subjected to biochemical tests for identification using standard procedures. The isolates were screened for Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) production using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) break point using ceftriazone (30µg) and cefotaxime (30µg). Suspected ESBLs producing organisms from screening tests were subjected to double disc synergy test (DDST) for confirmation and standard discs of Augmentin (30µg). Out of the 144 snack samples analysed, 24 Gram negative entericbacteria were isolated and these includes: Citrobacter freundii 6(25%), Echerichia coli 1(4.2%), Enterobacter sp. 2(8.3%), Klebsiella pneumonia 7(29.2%), Proteus mirabilis 1(4.2%), Serratia marcenscens 4(16.7%), Morganella morganii 1(4.2%), providencia sp. 1(4.2%) and Shigella sp. 1(4.2%). Detection of ESBL among Gram-negative  isolates based on CLSI revealed that 16(66.7%) of the isolates were ESBL producers while 37.5% were confirmed as ESBLs producers using Double Disc Synergy Test. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between the  different beta-lactamases producing isolates (P<0.05). It also showed a significant relationship between the occurrences of beta-lactamase producing isolates among the different snacks (P<0.05) This study indicated that snack foods can be contaminated by ESBLs producing bacteria and may result to infections following consumption by humans which have public health implications for the general public.
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Edward Deborah Shetu

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Northwest Nigeria
Muhammad Yusha`u

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Bayero University, Kano, North-west Nigeria
Auwalu Uba

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Northeast Nigeria
Ogboi Johnbull Sonny

Department of Microbiology Jedima International Health Consult Ltd, Lagos, Southwest Nigeria
Edward Isaac Usman

Department of Medical Laboratory, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Medical Microbiology Lab Barnawa, Kaduna, Northwest Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Edward Deborah Shetu, Muhammad Yusha`u, Auwalu Uba, Ogboi Johnbull Sonny, Edward Isaac Usman. (2017). Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2(5), 84-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11

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ACS Style

Edward Deborah Shetu; Muhammad Yusha`u; Auwalu Uba; Ogboi Johnbull Sonny; Edward Isaac Usman. Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2017, 2(5), 84-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11

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AMA Style

Edward Deborah Shetu, Muhammad Yusha`u, Auwalu Uba, Ogboi Johnbull Sonny, Edward Isaac Usman. Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria. Am J Lab Med. 2017;2(5):84-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11,
  author = {Edward Deborah Shetu and Muhammad Yusha`u and Auwalu Uba and Ogboi Johnbull Sonny and Edward Isaac Usman},
  title = {Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {84-89},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20170205.11},
  abstract = {Extended spectrumβ-lactamses (ESBL) are a group of plasmid mediated, diverse, complex, and rapidly evolving enzymes that are posing a major therapeutic challenge today in the treatment of hospitalized and community patients. Due to non-regulation of snacks, people are exposed to pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study is to detect extended spectrum β-lactamases among bacteria isolates from snack foods sold in Kaduna metropolis Nigeria. A total of 144 samples comprising of meat-pie, doughnut, egg-roll, buns, samosa, burger and pizza were cultured on blood agar, McConkey agar and Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Defficient Agar, for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The isolated organisms were subjected to biochemical tests for identification using standard procedures. The isolates were screened for Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) production using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) break point using ceftriazone (30µg) and cefotaxime (30µg). Suspected ESBLs producing organisms from screening tests were subjected to double disc synergy test (DDST) for confirmation and standard discs of Augmentin (30µg). Out of the 144 snack samples analysed, 24 Gram negative entericbacteria were isolated and these includes: Citrobacter freundii 6(25%), Echerichia coli 1(4.2%), Enterobacter sp. 2(8.3%), Klebsiella pneumonia 7(29.2%), Proteus mirabilis 1(4.2%), Serratia marcenscens 4(16.7%), Morganella morganii 1(4.2%), providencia sp. 1(4.2%) and Shigella sp. 1(4.2%). Detection of ESBL among Gram-negative  isolates based on CLSI revealed that 16(66.7%) of the isolates were ESBL producers while 37.5% were confirmed as ESBLs producers using Double Disc Synergy Test. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between the  different beta-lactamases producing isolates (P<0.05). It also showed a significant relationship between the occurrences of beta-lactamase producing isolates among the different snacks (P<0.05) This study indicated that snack foods can be contaminated by ESBLs producing bacteria and may result to infections following consumption by humans which have public health implications for the general public.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria
AU  - Edward Deborah Shetu
AU  - Muhammad Yusha`u
AU  - Auwalu Uba
AU  - Ogboi Johnbull Sonny
AU  - Edward Isaac Usman
Y1  - 2017/10/24
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11
T2  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
SP  - 84
EP  - 89
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-386X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11
AB  - Extended spectrumβ-lactamses (ESBL) are a group of plasmid mediated, diverse, complex, and rapidly evolving enzymes that are posing a major therapeutic challenge today in the treatment of hospitalized and community patients. Due to non-regulation of snacks, people are exposed to pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study is to detect extended spectrum β-lactamases among bacteria isolates from snack foods sold in Kaduna metropolis Nigeria. A total of 144 samples comprising of meat-pie, doughnut, egg-roll, buns, samosa, burger and pizza were cultured on blood agar, McConkey agar and Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Defficient Agar, for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The isolated organisms were subjected to biochemical tests for identification using standard procedures. The isolates were screened for Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) production using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) break point using ceftriazone (30µg) and cefotaxime (30µg). Suspected ESBLs producing organisms from screening tests were subjected to double disc synergy test (DDST) for confirmation and standard discs of Augmentin (30µg). Out of the 144 snack samples analysed, 24 Gram negative entericbacteria were isolated and these includes: Citrobacter freundii 6(25%), Echerichia coli 1(4.2%), Enterobacter sp. 2(8.3%), Klebsiella pneumonia 7(29.2%), Proteus mirabilis 1(4.2%), Serratia marcenscens 4(16.7%), Morganella morganii 1(4.2%), providencia sp. 1(4.2%) and Shigella sp. 1(4.2%). Detection of ESBL among Gram-negative  isolates based on CLSI revealed that 16(66.7%) of the isolates were ESBL producers while 37.5% were confirmed as ESBLs producers using Double Disc Synergy Test. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between the  different beta-lactamases producing isolates (P<0.05). It also showed a significant relationship between the occurrences of beta-lactamase producing isolates among the different snacks (P<0.05) This study indicated that snack foods can be contaminated by ESBLs producing bacteria and may result to infections following consumption by humans which have public health implications for the general public.
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
ER  -

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