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COVID-19 Reinfection in 60-Year-Old Man with Diabetes Mellitus, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report

Received: 9 February 2022     Accepted: 26 February 2022     Published: 3 March 2022
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Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease which is caused by a new strain of coronavirus. Older individuals and people with comorbidities have a higher risk to develop more severe illness. COVID-19 survivors will have active immunity in conjunction with increase of SARS-CoV-2 antibody (Ab) titer 2-weeks after the symptoms onset and will be lasted until 12-weeks. Therefore, it will give protection against reinfection of COVID-19. This study reports a case of COVID-19 rapid reinfection in sixty-year-old man with diabetes mellitus. Case illustration: a sixty-year-old man presented to the emergency department with fever accompanied by cough, runny nose, malaise, and metallic taste since one day before admission to hospital. There was a history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) and COVID-19 infection 35-days before hospital admission without any symptoms. The current physical examinations demonstrated a mild dyspnea with oxygen saturation 97%, and diffuse rhonchi at the right area of chest auscultation. Chest X-ray discovered a multiple consolidation of the right lung, with suspicion of viral pneumonia. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was 205 mg/dl, and 2-hour postprandial glucose was 508 mg/dl. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of SARS-CoV-2 via nasopharyngeal swab was taken and the result was positive. COVID-19 Ab titers IgM and IgG were 0.18 U/ml and 0.43 U/ml (<0.8 U/ml → non-reactive), respectively. The patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 reinfection and DM. The patient was treated with convalescent plasma, antivirus, antibiotics, insulin, steroid, anticoagulant, and other symptomatic medications. As the results, a well improvement of his clinical condition and the increase of Ab COVID-19 IgM and IgG evaluation test after convalescent plasma administration, 0.28 AU/ml and 17.67 AU/ml, respectively, were recorded. Summary: Researches revealed that DM might cause the specific immunity system dysfunction and the low production of antibody. This study found that poor blood-glucose control with a low Ab of SARS-CoV-2 production might induce this patient to have a COVID-19 reinfection. Advance immunological study about the correlation between DM and COVID-19 is very essential in the management of COVID-19 patients with DM.

Published in American Journal of Internal Medicine (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajim.20221002.11
Page(s) 20-27
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Coronavirus, COVID-19 Reinfection, Diabetes Mellitus, Antibody, Antibody Titer

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Cite This Article
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    Albert William Hotomo, Heri Sutrisno Prijopranoto. (2022). COVID-19 Reinfection in 60-Year-Old Man with Diabetes Mellitus, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 10(2), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20221002.11

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    ACS Style

    Albert William Hotomo; Heri Sutrisno Prijopranoto. COVID-19 Reinfection in 60-Year-Old Man with Diabetes Mellitus, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report. Am. J. Intern. Med. 2022, 10(2), 20-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20221002.11

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    AMA Style

    Albert William Hotomo, Heri Sutrisno Prijopranoto. COVID-19 Reinfection in 60-Year-Old Man with Diabetes Mellitus, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report. Am J Intern Med. 2022;10(2):20-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20221002.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajim.20221002.11,
      author = {Albert William Hotomo and Heri Sutrisno Prijopranoto},
      title = {COVID-19 Reinfection in 60-Year-Old Man with Diabetes Mellitus, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report},
      journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {20-27},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20221002.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20221002.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20221002.11},
      abstract = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease which is caused by a new strain of coronavirus. Older individuals and people with comorbidities have a higher risk to develop more severe illness. COVID-19 survivors will have active immunity in conjunction with increase of SARS-CoV-2 antibody (Ab) titer 2-weeks after the symptoms onset and will be lasted until 12-weeks. Therefore, it will give protection against reinfection of COVID-19. This study reports a case of COVID-19 rapid reinfection in sixty-year-old man with diabetes mellitus. Case illustration: a sixty-year-old man presented to the emergency department with fever accompanied by cough, runny nose, malaise, and metallic taste since one day before admission to hospital. There was a history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) and COVID-19 infection 35-days before hospital admission without any symptoms. The current physical examinations demonstrated a mild dyspnea with oxygen saturation 97%, and diffuse rhonchi at the right area of chest auscultation. Chest X-ray discovered a multiple consolidation of the right lung, with suspicion of viral pneumonia. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was 205 mg/dl, and 2-hour postprandial glucose was 508 mg/dl. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of SARS-CoV-2 via nasopharyngeal swab was taken and the result was positive. COVID-19 Ab titers IgM and IgG were 0.18 U/ml and 0.43 U/ml (Summary: Researches revealed that DM might cause the specific immunity system dysfunction and the low production of antibody. This study found that poor blood-glucose control with a low Ab of SARS-CoV-2 production might induce this patient to have a COVID-19 reinfection. Advance immunological study about the correlation between DM and COVID-19 is very essential in the management of COVID-19 patients with DM.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - COVID-19 Reinfection in 60-Year-Old Man with Diabetes Mellitus, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report
    AU  - Albert William Hotomo
    AU  - Heri Sutrisno Prijopranoto
    Y1  - 2022/03/03
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20221002.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajim.20221002.11
    T2  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
    JF  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
    JO  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
    SP  - 20
    EP  - 27
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-4324
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20221002.11
    AB  - Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease which is caused by a new strain of coronavirus. Older individuals and people with comorbidities have a higher risk to develop more severe illness. COVID-19 survivors will have active immunity in conjunction with increase of SARS-CoV-2 antibody (Ab) titer 2-weeks after the symptoms onset and will be lasted until 12-weeks. Therefore, it will give protection against reinfection of COVID-19. This study reports a case of COVID-19 rapid reinfection in sixty-year-old man with diabetes mellitus. Case illustration: a sixty-year-old man presented to the emergency department with fever accompanied by cough, runny nose, malaise, and metallic taste since one day before admission to hospital. There was a history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) and COVID-19 infection 35-days before hospital admission without any symptoms. The current physical examinations demonstrated a mild dyspnea with oxygen saturation 97%, and diffuse rhonchi at the right area of chest auscultation. Chest X-ray discovered a multiple consolidation of the right lung, with suspicion of viral pneumonia. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was 205 mg/dl, and 2-hour postprandial glucose was 508 mg/dl. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of SARS-CoV-2 via nasopharyngeal swab was taken and the result was positive. COVID-19 Ab titers IgM and IgG were 0.18 U/ml and 0.43 U/ml (Summary: Researches revealed that DM might cause the specific immunity system dysfunction and the low production of antibody. This study found that poor blood-glucose control with a low Ab of SARS-CoV-2 production might induce this patient to have a COVID-19 reinfection. Advance immunological study about the correlation between DM and COVID-19 is very essential in the management of COVID-19 patients with DM.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Internal Medicine, St. Carolus Borromeus Hospital, Kupang, Indonesia

  • Department of Internal Medicine, St. Carolus Borromeus Hospital, Kupang, Indonesia

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