The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites

Nduka Ekene Udoye; Fasola Samuel Oluwatowo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12

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The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites

Nduka Ekene Udoye^*, Fasola Samuel Oluwatowo

Published in American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 11, Issue 4)

Received: 1 August 2023 Accepted: 17 August 2023 Published: 17 November 2023

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Abstract

There is a demand for lightweight and low-cost engineering materials with enhanced strength especially in automotive, aerospace, and structural applications in this modern age’. This study focused on developing an aluminium matrix composite using the stir casting method with snail shells of particulate size 75µm with varying proportions (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%) in order to enhance the properties of the composite such as tensile strength, hardness etc. The aluminium composites were studied and analyzed using the Brinell hardness tester for microhardness properties, UTM SM1000 for ultimate tensile strength behavior, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer were used in studying the surface morphology and the elemental identification of the composite, X-ray diffraction was also used to categorize the crystalline phase of the composite. The results showed the XRD micrographs of the produced composite revealed the presence of calcium and hydroxyapatite derived from the snail shell on the aluminium composite. The diffractive pattern revealed a large number of reinforcements with stable intermediate phase Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, Ca₂Al₃SIO₄, and Ca₂SIO₄ and so on. The electrical properties increased in conductivity due to the presence of the snail shell particulate within the composite from 31.9693Ωm^-1to 34.6500Ωm^-1, thus increasing the capacity of the composite to conduct electricity. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength showed a significant change of 35.8% with the maximum tensile strength of 98.89MPa, achieved at 8% wt. snail shell. The hardness increased proportionally from 55.2HRB to 63.5HRB. Based on the outcome of experiments, this research has shown the possibility of using snail shell particulates as reinforcement in aluminium metal matrix composite and will help to improve the productivity and reliability of component made of AA6061 + 8% snail shell at 75µm.

Published in	American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12
Page(s)	75-84
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

AA6061, Snail Shell, SEM/EDS, XRD, MMCs, Mechanical Properties

References

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APA Style

Udoye, N. E., Oluwatowo, F. S. (2023). The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 11(4), 75-84. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12

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ACS Style

Udoye, N. E.; Oluwatowo, F. S. The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2023, 11(4), 75-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12

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AMA Style

Udoye NE, Oluwatowo FS. The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites. Am J Chem Eng. 2023;11(4):75-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12,
  author = {Nduka Ekene Udoye and Fasola Samuel Oluwatowo},
  title = {The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {75-84},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20231104.12},
  abstract = {There is a demand for lightweight and low-cost engineering materials with enhanced strength especially in automotive, aerospace, and structural applications in this modern age’. This study focused on developing an aluminium matrix composite using the stir casting method with snail shells of particulate size 75µm with varying proportions (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%) in order to enhance the properties of the composite such as tensile strength, hardness etc. The aluminium composites were studied and analyzed using the Brinell hardness tester for microhardness properties, UTM SM1000 for ultimate tensile strength behavior, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer were used in studying the surface morphology and the elemental identification of the composite, X-ray diffraction was also used to categorize the crystalline phase of the composite. The results showed the XRD micrographs of the produced composite revealed the presence of calcium and hydroxyapatite derived from the snail shell on the aluminium composite. The diffractive pattern revealed a large number of reinforcements with stable intermediate phase Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Ca2Al3SIO4, and Ca2SIO4 and so on. The electrical properties increased in conductivity due to the presence of the snail shell particulate within the composite from 31.9693Ωm-1 to 34.6500Ωm-1, thus increasing the capacity of the composite to conduct electricity. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength showed a significant change of 35.8% with the maximum tensile strength of 98.89MPa, achieved at 8% wt. snail shell. The hardness increased proportionally from 55.2HRB to 63.5HRB. Based on the outcome of experiments, this research has shown the possibility of using snail shell particulates as reinforcement in aluminium metal matrix composite and will help to improve the productivity and reliability of component made of AA6061 + 8% snail shell at 75µm.
},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites
AU  - Nduka Ekene Udoye
AU  - Fasola Samuel Oluwatowo
Y1  - 2023/11/17
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12
T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
SP  - 75
EP  - 84
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8613
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12
AB  - There is a demand for lightweight and low-cost engineering materials with enhanced strength especially in automotive, aerospace, and structural applications in this modern age’. This study focused on developing an aluminium matrix composite using the stir casting method with snail shells of particulate size 75µm with varying proportions (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%) in order to enhance the properties of the composite such as tensile strength, hardness etc. The aluminium composites were studied and analyzed using the Brinell hardness tester for microhardness properties, UTM SM1000 for ultimate tensile strength behavior, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer were used in studying the surface morphology and the elemental identification of the composite, X-ray diffraction was also used to categorize the crystalline phase of the composite. The results showed the XRD micrographs of the produced composite revealed the presence of calcium and hydroxyapatite derived from the snail shell on the aluminium composite. The diffractive pattern revealed a large number of reinforcements with stable intermediate phase Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Ca2Al3SIO4, and Ca2SIO4 and so on. The electrical properties increased in conductivity due to the presence of the snail shell particulate within the composite from 31.9693Ωm-1 to 34.6500Ωm-1, thus increasing the capacity of the composite to conduct electricity. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength showed a significant change of 35.8% with the maximum tensile strength of 98.89MPa, achieved at 8% wt. snail shell. The hardness increased proportionally from 55.2HRB to 63.5HRB. Based on the outcome of experiments, this research has shown the possibility of using snail shell particulates as reinforcement in aluminium metal matrix composite and will help to improve the productivity and reliability of component made of AA6061 + 8% snail shell at 75µm.

VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Nduka Ekene Udoye

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria

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Fasola Samuel Oluwatowo

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria

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APA Style

Udoye, N. E., Oluwatowo, F. S. (2023). The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 11(4), 75-84. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12

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ACS Style

Udoye, N. E.; Oluwatowo, F. S. The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2023, 11(4), 75-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12

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AMA Style

Udoye NE, Oluwatowo FS. The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites. Am J Chem Eng. 2023;11(4):75-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12,
  author = {Nduka Ekene Udoye and Fasola Samuel Oluwatowo},
  title = {The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {75-84},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20231104.12},
  abstract = {There is a demand for lightweight and low-cost engineering materials with enhanced strength especially in automotive, aerospace, and structural applications in this modern age’. This study focused on developing an aluminium matrix composite using the stir casting method with snail shells of particulate size 75µm with varying proportions (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%) in order to enhance the properties of the composite such as tensile strength, hardness etc. The aluminium composites were studied and analyzed using the Brinell hardness tester for microhardness properties, UTM SM1000 for ultimate tensile strength behavior, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer were used in studying the surface morphology and the elemental identification of the composite, X-ray diffraction was also used to categorize the crystalline phase of the composite. The results showed the XRD micrographs of the produced composite revealed the presence of calcium and hydroxyapatite derived from the snail shell on the aluminium composite. The diffractive pattern revealed a large number of reinforcements with stable intermediate phase Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Ca2Al3SIO4, and Ca2SIO4 and so on. The electrical properties increased in conductivity due to the presence of the snail shell particulate within the composite from 31.9693Ωm-1 to 34.6500Ωm-1, thus increasing the capacity of the composite to conduct electricity. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength showed a significant change of 35.8% with the maximum tensile strength of 98.89MPa, achieved at 8% wt. snail shell. The hardness increased proportionally from 55.2HRB to 63.5HRB. Based on the outcome of experiments, this research has shown the possibility of using snail shell particulates as reinforcement in aluminium metal matrix composite and will help to improve the productivity and reliability of component made of AA6061 + 8% snail shell at 75µm.
},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites
AU  - Nduka Ekene Udoye
AU  - Fasola Samuel Oluwatowo
Y1  - 2023/11/17
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12
T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
SP  - 75
EP  - 84
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8613
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12
AB  - There is a demand for lightweight and low-cost engineering materials with enhanced strength especially in automotive, aerospace, and structural applications in this modern age’. This study focused on developing an aluminium matrix composite using the stir casting method with snail shells of particulate size 75µm with varying proportions (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%) in order to enhance the properties of the composite such as tensile strength, hardness etc. The aluminium composites were studied and analyzed using the Brinell hardness tester for microhardness properties, UTM SM1000 for ultimate tensile strength behavior, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer were used in studying the surface morphology and the elemental identification of the composite, X-ray diffraction was also used to categorize the crystalline phase of the composite. The results showed the XRD micrographs of the produced composite revealed the presence of calcium and hydroxyapatite derived from the snail shell on the aluminium composite. The diffractive pattern revealed a large number of reinforcements with stable intermediate phase Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Ca2Al3SIO4, and Ca2SIO4 and so on. The electrical properties increased in conductivity due to the presence of the snail shell particulate within the composite from 31.9693Ωm-1 to 34.6500Ωm-1, thus increasing the capacity of the composite to conduct electricity. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength showed a significant change of 35.8% with the maximum tensile strength of 98.89MPa, achieved at 8% wt. snail shell. The hardness increased proportionally from 55.2HRB to 63.5HRB. Based on the outcome of experiments, this research has shown the possibility of using snail shell particulates as reinforcement in aluminium metal matrix composite and will help to improve the productivity and reliability of component made of AA6061 + 8% snail shell at 75µm.

VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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