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Experimental Study of Destructive Distillation of Maiganga Coal: Analysis of Products’ Yield and Composition

Received: 26 January 2020     Accepted: 10 February 2020     Published: 14 February 2020
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Abstract

The research involves destructive distillation of Maiganga coal, analysis of the yields and characterization of condensable products. Maiganga coal was distillated in a pyrolyser, the condensable products were recovered in a three stage separator, and the products were collected over a range of temperatures. The yields’ of the char was obtained by measuring the weight of the char and then divided by the starting weight of the coal sample. The condensable products yields were obtained in similar manner as the char. The yield of the gaseous product was obtained by subtracting the sum of yields of char and condensable products from unity. The yields of semi-coke, water and tar were 63, 11, and 7%, respectively. The tar obtained was characterize using GC/MS to determine the chemical composition. The characterization was carried out using Agilent Gas Chromatography/ Mass Selective Detector (GC/MSD). The GC/MSD results show that the dominant compounds in the tar are aromatic, acid, and esters. However sulphur, nitrogen, chlorine, and fluorine compounds were present. The specific dominant compound is Benzeneacetic acid, 4-tetradecyl ester, (C22H36O2) about 33%, and the least were 1H-Thiopine, 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-4,5-didehydro-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl (C10H16OS), 1-oxide, 4-(2,5-Dihydro-3-methoxyphenyl)butylamine (C11H19NO) about 6%. The coal may serve as feedstock for production of coke and aromatic compounds.

Published in American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajche.20190706.12
Page(s) 135-140
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Maiganga Coal, Yield, Agilent GC/MSD, Aromatic, Benzene Acetic Acid 4-Tetradecyl Ester

References
[1] A. Nyakuma, Bemgba B., Jauro A., “Physicochemical Characterization and Thermal Decomposition of Maiganga Coal,” De Gruyter, vol. LXII, no. 3, pp. 6–11, 2016.
[2] A. Babagana, U. Abdullahi, J. M. El-nafaty, and M. Gado, “Quality Assessment of Coal Deposits around Molko Area,” J. Appl. Geol. Geophys., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 101–110, 2017.
[3] L. J. Mudashiru, “Suitability Assessment of Kurumu, Garin-maiganga, Gindi- akwati and Ogboyoba Coal Deposit Properties for Power Generation Suitability Assessment of Kurumu, Garin-maiganga, Gindi- akwati and Ogboyoba Coal Deposit Properties for Power Generation,” 2016.
[4] M. Chukwu, C. O. Folayan, G. Y. Pam, and D. O. Obada, “Characterization of Some Nigerian Coals for Power Generation,” J. Combust., vol. 2016, no. 9728278, pp. 1–11, 2016.
[5] U. S. Onoduku, “Chemistry of Maiganga Coal Deposit, Upper Benue,” vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 80–84, 2014.
[6] Q. Nie, Fan, Meng, Tao, Zhang, “Pyrolysis of Low-Rank Coal: From Research to Practice,” in Pyrolysis, 2017, pp. 319–339.
[7] B. Yang and L. Wang, “Review of advance on coal pyrolysis mechanism,” J. Chem. Pharm. Res., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 421–423, 2014.
[8] H. S. V. Kramer, Robert A, Liberty Pelter, “Enhancing Coke Production Energy Efficiency While Reducing Emissions,” in AISTech 2011 Conference Proceedings, 2011, pp. 1–12.
[9] A. Raðenoviæ, “Pyrolysis of Coal,” Piroliza ugljena, Kem. Ind, vol. 55, no. 7–8, pp. 311–319, 2006.
[10] P. R. Solomon and M. A. Serio, “Progress in Coal Pyrolysis Research,” 1993.
[11] Y. D. Y. and S. V. P. Vijayaragavan, Krishnamoorthy, “Influence of Pyrolysis Gas on Volatile Yield and CO2 Reaction Kinetics of the Char Samples Generated in,” Energies, 2018.
[12] T. Takafumi, Kawamura, Shigeru, Hashimoto, Mitsuhiro, Sakawa, Hiyoruku, Kozuru, Hiroshi, Lida, “Study on Coal Flash Pyrolysis,” 1993.
[13] M. N. Amin, Y. Li, and X. Lu, “In Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Low-Rank Coal for the Conversion of Heavy Oils into Light Oils,” Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 2017, no. 561252, pp. 1–8, 2017.
[14] J. N. Brown, “Development of a lab-scale auger reactor for biomass fast pyrolysis and process optimization using response surface methodology by,” Iowa State University, 2009.
[15] Z. Ying, Xu, Guoji, Zhang, Lei, Chen, Xiaokuo, Ding and Yongfa, “Pyrolysis Products Properties from Lignite,” Asian J. Chem., vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 4828–4832, 2013.
[16] N. Herminé, Non-fuel uses of coal. London, 2014.
[17] A. L. Yaumi, H. I. Mohammed, A. S. Grema, A. M. El-jummah, and M. M. Ahmed, “Simulation of Flash Pyrolysis of Maiganga Coal Using Modified Straight First Order Reaction Model,” Res. J. Chem. Eng. Process., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 2–7, 2019.
[18] S. A. Ryemshak, A. Jauro, J. D. Putshaka, and R. M. Sori, “Ultimate Analysis of some Nigerian coal : Ranking and Suitable Application,” Int. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 31–35, 2016.
[19] B. B. Nyakuma, “Oxidative Thermal Analysis of Nigerian Coals," J. Ener. Env., 4 (1), 2-5, 2012.
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    Habu Iyodo Mohammed, Ali Lawan Yaumi, Alhaji Shehu Grema, Murtala Musa Ahmed, Abubakar M ohammed El-Jummah. (2020). Experimental Study of Destructive Distillation of Maiganga Coal: Analysis of Products’ Yield and Composition. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 7(6), 135-140. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20190706.12

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    ACS Style

    Habu Iyodo Mohammed; Ali Lawan Yaumi; Alhaji Shehu Grema; Murtala Musa Ahmed; Abubakar M ohammed El-Jummah. Experimental Study of Destructive Distillation of Maiganga Coal: Analysis of Products’ Yield and Composition. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2020, 7(6), 135-140. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20190706.12

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    AMA Style

    Habu Iyodo Mohammed, Ali Lawan Yaumi, Alhaji Shehu Grema, Murtala Musa Ahmed, Abubakar M ohammed El-Jummah. Experimental Study of Destructive Distillation of Maiganga Coal: Analysis of Products’ Yield and Composition. Am J Chem Eng. 2020;7(6):135-140. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20190706.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajche.20190706.12,
      author = {Habu Iyodo Mohammed and Ali Lawan Yaumi and Alhaji Shehu Grema and Murtala Musa Ahmed and Abubakar M ohammed El-Jummah},
      title = {Experimental Study of Destructive Distillation of Maiganga Coal: Analysis of Products’ Yield and Composition},
      journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
      volume = {7},
      number = {6},
      pages = {135-140},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20190706.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20190706.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20190706.12},
      abstract = {The research involves destructive distillation of Maiganga coal, analysis of the yields and characterization of condensable products. Maiganga coal was distillated in a pyrolyser, the condensable products were recovered in a three stage separator, and the products were collected over a range of temperatures. The yields’ of the char was obtained by measuring the weight of the char and then divided by the starting weight of the coal sample. The condensable products yields were obtained in similar manner as the char. The yield of the gaseous product was obtained by subtracting the sum of yields of char and condensable products from unity. The yields of semi-coke, water and tar were 63, 11, and 7%, respectively. The tar obtained was characterize using GC/MS to determine the chemical composition. The characterization was carried out using Agilent Gas Chromatography/ Mass Selective Detector (GC/MSD). The GC/MSD results show that the dominant compounds in the tar are aromatic, acid, and esters. However sulphur, nitrogen, chlorine, and fluorine compounds were present. The specific dominant compound is Benzeneacetic acid, 4-tetradecyl ester, (C22H36O2) about 33%, and the least were 1H-Thiopine, 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-4,5-didehydro-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl (C10H16OS), 1-oxide, 4-(2,5-Dihydro-3-methoxyphenyl)butylamine (C11H19NO) about 6%. The coal may serve as feedstock for production of coke and aromatic compounds.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Experimental Study of Destructive Distillation of Maiganga Coal: Analysis of Products’ Yield and Composition
    AU  - Habu Iyodo Mohammed
    AU  - Ali Lawan Yaumi
    AU  - Alhaji Shehu Grema
    AU  - Murtala Musa Ahmed
    AU  - Abubakar M ohammed El-Jummah
    Y1  - 2020/02/14
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20190706.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20190706.12
    T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    SP  - 135
    EP  - 140
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8613
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20190706.12
    AB  - The research involves destructive distillation of Maiganga coal, analysis of the yields and characterization of condensable products. Maiganga coal was distillated in a pyrolyser, the condensable products were recovered in a three stage separator, and the products were collected over a range of temperatures. The yields’ of the char was obtained by measuring the weight of the char and then divided by the starting weight of the coal sample. The condensable products yields were obtained in similar manner as the char. The yield of the gaseous product was obtained by subtracting the sum of yields of char and condensable products from unity. The yields of semi-coke, water and tar were 63, 11, and 7%, respectively. The tar obtained was characterize using GC/MS to determine the chemical composition. The characterization was carried out using Agilent Gas Chromatography/ Mass Selective Detector (GC/MSD). The GC/MSD results show that the dominant compounds in the tar are aromatic, acid, and esters. However sulphur, nitrogen, chlorine, and fluorine compounds were present. The specific dominant compound is Benzeneacetic acid, 4-tetradecyl ester, (C22H36O2) about 33%, and the least were 1H-Thiopine, 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-4,5-didehydro-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl (C10H16OS), 1-oxide, 4-(2,5-Dihydro-3-methoxyphenyl)butylamine (C11H19NO) about 6%. The coal may serve as feedstock for production of coke and aromatic compounds.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemical Engineering University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Engineering University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Engineering University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Engineering University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

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