Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H2SO4/SO2 Solutions

Xuelan Wu; Hongming Long; Xin Li; Yanxu Shen; Yangyang Zhang; Zhipeng Li; Yiming Hu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12

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Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H₂SO₄/SO₂ Solutions

Xuelan Wu, Hongming Long, Xin Li, Yanxu Shen, Yangyang Zhang, Zhipeng Li, Yiming Hu

Published in American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 5)

Received: 12 September 2018 Accepted: 27 September 2018 Published: 26 October 2018

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Abstract

Zinc residue with high germanium, a waste solid product of hydrometallurgical zinc process is dumped continuously, causing the loss of germanium. Zinc residue was characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry methods. The results showed that, the mineralogical compositions of the zinc residue used in this research were zinc ferrite, gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, anglesite, sphalerite and quartz. Approximately 58% and 20% germanium occurred in the ferrite and silicate phases, respectively. Leaching of zinc residue with high germanium was investigated as a process to recover germanium. It was found to be much more effective using sulfur dioxide as a reductant. Batch leaching tests were carried out on zinc residue with high germanium at set pressure in stirred acid solution. The effects of SO₂, time, sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio, and sulphur dioxide partial pressure on the germanium dissolution were studied to optimize the leaching parameters. In the presence of SO₂, the results showed that the extraction of germanium was maximum of 70% while the extraction of zinc and iron were 90% and 96% under the optimal condition which was determined for 80 g of zinc residue using 56 g/L sulfuric acid, liquid-to-solid ratio of 7 mL/g and sulphur dioxide partial pressure of 200 kPa at 100°C after 120 min. Under optimal conditions, the main minerals of the reduction leaching residue were sodium iron sulfate tetrahydrate, gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, anglesite, sphalerite and quartz. Zinc ferrite was almost entirely leached.

Published in	American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12
Page(s)	86-93
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Germanium, Acid Leaching, Zinc Residue, Sulphur Dioxide

References

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APA Style

Xuelan Wu, Hongming Long, Xin Li, Yanxu Shen, Yangyang Zhang, et al. (2018). Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H2SO4/SO2 Solutions. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 6(5), 86-93. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12

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ACS Style

Xuelan Wu; Hongming Long; Xin Li; Yanxu Shen; Yangyang Zhang, et al. Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H2SO4/SO2 Solutions. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2018, 6(5), 86-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12

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AMA Style

Xuelan Wu, Hongming Long, Xin Li, Yanxu Shen, Yangyang Zhang, et al. Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H2SO4/SO2 Solutions. Am J Chem Eng. 2018;6(5):86-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12,
  author = {Xuelan Wu and Hongming Long and Xin Li and Yanxu Shen and Yangyang Zhang and Zhipeng Li and Yiming Hu},
  title = {Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H2SO4/SO2 Solutions},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {86-93},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20180605.12},
  abstract = {Zinc residue with high germanium, a waste solid product of hydrometallurgical zinc process is dumped continuously, causing the loss of germanium. Zinc residue was characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry methods. The results showed that, the mineralogical compositions of the zinc residue used in this research were zinc ferrite, gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, anglesite, sphalerite and quartz. Approximately 58% and 20% germanium occurred in the ferrite and silicate phases, respectively. Leaching of zinc residue with high germanium was investigated as a process to recover germanium. It was found to be much more effective using sulfur dioxide as a reductant. Batch leaching tests were carried out on zinc residue with high germanium at set pressure in stirred acid solution. The effects of SO2, time, sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio, and sulphur dioxide partial pressure on the germanium dissolution were studied to optimize the leaching parameters. In the presence of SO2, the results showed that the extraction of germanium was maximum of 70% while the extraction of zinc and iron were 90% and 96% under the optimal condition which was determined for 80 g of zinc residue using 56 g/L sulfuric acid, liquid-to-solid ratio of 7 mL/g and sulphur dioxide partial pressure of 200 kPa at 100°C after 120 min. Under optimal conditions, the main minerals of the reduction leaching residue were sodium iron sulfate tetrahydrate, gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, anglesite, sphalerite and quartz. Zinc ferrite was almost entirely leached.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H2SO4/SO2 Solutions
AU  - Xuelan Wu
AU  - Hongming Long
AU  - Xin Li
AU  - Yanxu Shen
AU  - Yangyang Zhang
AU  - Zhipeng Li
AU  - Yiming Hu
Y1  - 2018/10/26
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12
T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
SP  - 86
EP  - 93
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8613
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12
AB  - Zinc residue with high germanium, a waste solid product of hydrometallurgical zinc process is dumped continuously, causing the loss of germanium. Zinc residue was characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry methods. The results showed that, the mineralogical compositions of the zinc residue used in this research were zinc ferrite, gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, anglesite, sphalerite and quartz. Approximately 58% and 20% germanium occurred in the ferrite and silicate phases, respectively. Leaching of zinc residue with high germanium was investigated as a process to recover germanium. It was found to be much more effective using sulfur dioxide as a reductant. Batch leaching tests were carried out on zinc residue with high germanium at set pressure in stirred acid solution. The effects of SO2, time, sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio, and sulphur dioxide partial pressure on the germanium dissolution were studied to optimize the leaching parameters. In the presence of SO2, the results showed that the extraction of germanium was maximum of 70% while the extraction of zinc and iron were 90% and 96% under the optimal condition which was determined for 80 g of zinc residue using 56 g/L sulfuric acid, liquid-to-solid ratio of 7 mL/g and sulphur dioxide partial pressure of 200 kPa at 100°C after 120 min. Under optimal conditions, the main minerals of the reduction leaching residue were sodium iron sulfate tetrahydrate, gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, anglesite, sphalerite and quartz. Zinc ferrite was almost entirely leached.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Xuelan Wu

Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Emission Reduction & Resources Recycling of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
Hongming Long

Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Emission Reduction & Resources Recycling of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
Xin Li

School of Metallurgy Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
Yanxu Shen

School of Metallurgy Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
Yangyang Zhang

School of Metallurgy Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
Zhipeng Li

School of Metallurgy Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
Yiming Hu

Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Emission Reduction & Resources Recycling of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Xuelan Wu, Hongming Long, Xin Li, Yanxu Shen, Yangyang Zhang, et al. (2018). Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H2SO4/SO2 Solutions. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 6(5), 86-93. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12

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ACS Style

Xuelan Wu; Hongming Long; Xin Li; Yanxu Shen; Yangyang Zhang, et al. Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H2SO4/SO2 Solutions. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2018, 6(5), 86-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12

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AMA Style

Xuelan Wu, Hongming Long, Xin Li, Yanxu Shen, Yangyang Zhang, et al. Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H2SO4/SO2 Solutions. Am J Chem Eng. 2018;6(5):86-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12,
  author = {Xuelan Wu and Hongming Long and Xin Li and Yanxu Shen and Yangyang Zhang and Zhipeng Li and Yiming Hu},
  title = {Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H2SO4/SO2 Solutions},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {86-93},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20180605.12},
  abstract = {Zinc residue with high germanium, a waste solid product of hydrometallurgical zinc process is dumped continuously, causing the loss of germanium. Zinc residue was characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry methods. The results showed that, the mineralogical compositions of the zinc residue used in this research were zinc ferrite, gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, anglesite, sphalerite and quartz. Approximately 58% and 20% germanium occurred in the ferrite and silicate phases, respectively. Leaching of zinc residue with high germanium was investigated as a process to recover germanium. It was found to be much more effective using sulfur dioxide as a reductant. Batch leaching tests were carried out on zinc residue with high germanium at set pressure in stirred acid solution. The effects of SO2, time, sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio, and sulphur dioxide partial pressure on the germanium dissolution were studied to optimize the leaching parameters. In the presence of SO2, the results showed that the extraction of germanium was maximum of 70% while the extraction of zinc and iron were 90% and 96% under the optimal condition which was determined for 80 g of zinc residue using 56 g/L sulfuric acid, liquid-to-solid ratio of 7 mL/g and sulphur dioxide partial pressure of 200 kPa at 100°C after 120 min. Under optimal conditions, the main minerals of the reduction leaching residue were sodium iron sulfate tetrahydrate, gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, anglesite, sphalerite and quartz. Zinc ferrite was almost entirely leached.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H2SO4/SO2 Solutions
AU  - Xuelan Wu
AU  - Hongming Long
AU  - Xin Li
AU  - Yanxu Shen
AU  - Yangyang Zhang
AU  - Zhipeng Li
AU  - Yiming Hu
Y1  - 2018/10/26
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12
T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
SP  - 86
EP  - 93
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8613
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.12
AB  - Zinc residue with high germanium, a waste solid product of hydrometallurgical zinc process is dumped continuously, causing the loss of germanium. Zinc residue was characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry methods. The results showed that, the mineralogical compositions of the zinc residue used in this research were zinc ferrite, gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, anglesite, sphalerite and quartz. Approximately 58% and 20% germanium occurred in the ferrite and silicate phases, respectively. Leaching of zinc residue with high germanium was investigated as a process to recover germanium. It was found to be much more effective using sulfur dioxide as a reductant. Batch leaching tests were carried out on zinc residue with high germanium at set pressure in stirred acid solution. The effects of SO2, time, sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio, and sulphur dioxide partial pressure on the germanium dissolution were studied to optimize the leaching parameters. In the presence of SO2, the results showed that the extraction of germanium was maximum of 70% while the extraction of zinc and iron were 90% and 96% under the optimal condition which was determined for 80 g of zinc residue using 56 g/L sulfuric acid, liquid-to-solid ratio of 7 mL/g and sulphur dioxide partial pressure of 200 kPa at 100°C after 120 min. Under optimal conditions, the main minerals of the reduction leaching residue were sodium iron sulfate tetrahydrate, gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, anglesite, sphalerite and quartz. Zinc ferrite was almost entirely leached.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

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