An Alternative Arrangement for the Alum Sludge Management: Minimising Waste with Low-Cost Solar Techniques

Maha A. Tony; Aghareed M. Tayeb; Yaqian Zhao

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11

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An Alternative Arrangement for the Alum Sludge Management: Minimising Waste with Low-Cost Solar Techniques

Maha A. Tony, Aghareed M. Tayeb, Yaqian Zhao

Published in American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 2)

Received: 22 January 2016 Accepted: 30 January 2016 Published: 31 March 2016

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Abstract

Alum sludge produced from the drinking water treatment plants was used to investigate the improvement capabilities in its dewatering properties. The sludge was passed through a laboratory solar still towards reducing the sludge volume during the dewatering process. A number of parameters describing the distillate and the sludge were measured at the end of each experiment in order to determine the process behaviour under conditions of relatively high solar radiation which is reached to 1014 W/m² and temperature levels which reaches inside the still to a maximum of 87°C. Conventional chemical conditioners in augmentation with the solar dewatering such as polyelectrolyte, and advanced conditioner like photo-Fenton’s reagent were used in the sludge conditioning studies. Experimental results indicated that 10 mg/L of anionic polyelectrolyte conditioner enhance the dewateraibility in the terms of SRF reduction to 97%. However, it reached to 78% when the Fenton’s reagent is added. It is realized that dewatering is accelerated when the polymer is added compared to that of Fenton’s reagent conditioning; Fenton’s reagent offers a more environmentally safe option. Moreover, the volume of distillate collected is nearly a double fold increase in the case of the conditioning with the Fenton’s reagent rather than that for the organic polymer. In addition, the turbidity of the supernatant are: 3.4, 2.7 and 247 NTU for polyelectrolyte, Fenton’s reagent treatment and for the raw sludge, respectively. Furthermore, the optimum influencing variables of Fenton’s reagent is evaluated by applying Box-Behnken experimental design based on the response surface methodology (RSM), i.e. Fe²⁺, H₂O₂ and pH are 50 mg/L, 600 mg/l and 8.5, respectively.

Published in	American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11
Page(s)	30-37
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Alum Sludge, Dewatering and Conditioning, Fenton’s Reagent, Organic Polymers, Solar Still, RSM

References

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APA Style

Maha A. Tony, Aghareed M. Tayeb, Yaqian Zhao. (2016). An Alternative Arrangement for the Alum Sludge Management: Minimising Waste with Low-Cost Solar Techniques. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 4(2), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11

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ACS Style

Maha A. Tony; Aghareed M. Tayeb; Yaqian Zhao. An Alternative Arrangement for the Alum Sludge Management: Minimising Waste with Low-Cost Solar Techniques. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2016, 4(2), 30-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11

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AMA Style

Maha A. Tony, Aghareed M. Tayeb, Yaqian Zhao. An Alternative Arrangement for the Alum Sludge Management: Minimising Waste with Low-Cost Solar Techniques. Am J Chem Eng. 2016;4(2):30-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11,
  author = {Maha A. Tony and Aghareed M. Tayeb and Yaqian Zhao},
  title = {An Alternative Arrangement for the Alum Sludge Management: Minimising Waste with Low-Cost Solar Techniques},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {30-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20160402.11},
  abstract = {Alum sludge produced from the drinking water treatment plants was used to investigate the improvement capabilities in its dewatering properties. The sludge was passed through a laboratory solar still towards reducing the sludge volume during the dewatering process. A number of parameters describing the distillate and the sludge were measured at the end of each experiment in order to determine the process behaviour under conditions of relatively high solar radiation which is reached to 1014 W/m2 and temperature levels which reaches inside the still to a maximum of 87°C. Conventional chemical conditioners in augmentation with the solar dewatering such as polyelectrolyte, and advanced conditioner like photo-Fenton’s reagent were used in the sludge conditioning studies. Experimental results indicated that 10 mg/L of anionic polyelectrolyte conditioner enhance the dewateraibility in the terms of SRF reduction to 97%. However, it reached to 78% when the Fenton’s reagent is added. It is realized that dewatering is accelerated when the polymer is added compared to that of Fenton’s reagent conditioning; Fenton’s reagent offers a more environmentally safe option. Moreover, the volume of distillate collected is nearly a double fold increase in the case of the conditioning with the Fenton’s reagent rather than that for the organic polymer. In addition, the turbidity of the supernatant are: 3.4, 2.7 and 247 NTU for polyelectrolyte, Fenton’s reagent treatment and for the raw sludge, respectively. Furthermore, the optimum influencing variables of Fenton’s reagent is evaluated by applying Box-Behnken experimental design based on the response surface methodology (RSM), i.e. Fe2+, H2O2 and pH are 50 mg/L, 600 mg/l and 8.5, respectively.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - An Alternative Arrangement for the Alum Sludge Management: Minimising Waste with Low-Cost Solar Techniques
AU - Maha A. Tony
AU - Aghareed M. Tayeb
AU - Yaqian Zhao
Y1 - 2016/03/31
PY - 2016
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11
T2 - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JF - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JO - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
SP - 30
EP - 37
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-8613
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11
AB - Alum sludge produced from the drinking water treatment plants was used to investigate the improvement capabilities in its dewatering properties. The sludge was passed through a laboratory solar still towards reducing the sludge volume during the dewatering process. A number of parameters describing the distillate and the sludge were measured at the end of each experiment in order to determine the process behaviour under conditions of relatively high solar radiation which is reached to 1014 W/m2 and temperature levels which reaches inside the still to a maximum of 87°C. Conventional chemical conditioners in augmentation with the solar dewatering such as polyelectrolyte, and advanced conditioner like photo-Fenton’s reagent were used in the sludge conditioning studies. Experimental results indicated that 10 mg/L of anionic polyelectrolyte conditioner enhance the dewateraibility in the terms of SRF reduction to 97%. However, it reached to 78% when the Fenton’s reagent is added. It is realized that dewatering is accelerated when the polymer is added compared to that of Fenton’s reagent conditioning; Fenton’s reagent offers a more environmentally safe option. Moreover, the volume of distillate collected is nearly a double fold increase in the case of the conditioning with the Fenton’s reagent rather than that for the organic polymer. In addition, the turbidity of the supernatant are: 3.4, 2.7 and 247 NTU for polyelectrolyte, Fenton’s reagent treatment and for the raw sludge, respectively. Furthermore, the optimum influencing variables of Fenton’s reagent is evaluated by applying Box-Behnken experimental design based on the response surface methodology (RSM), i.e. Fe2+, H2O2 and pH are 50 mg/L, 600 mg/l and 8.5, respectively.
VL - 4
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Maha A. Tony

Basic Engineering Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minoufiya University, Minoufiya, Shebin Elkoum, Egypt
Aghareed M. Tayeb

Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, EL-Minia University, EL-Minia, Egypt
Yaqian Zhao

UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University College Dublin, Newstead, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland

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Maha A. Tony, Aghareed M. Tayeb, Yaqian Zhao. (2016). An Alternative Arrangement for the Alum Sludge Management: Minimising Waste with Low-Cost Solar Techniques. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 4(2), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11

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ACS Style

Maha A. Tony; Aghareed M. Tayeb; Yaqian Zhao. An Alternative Arrangement for the Alum Sludge Management: Minimising Waste with Low-Cost Solar Techniques. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2016, 4(2), 30-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11

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AMA Style

Maha A. Tony, Aghareed M. Tayeb, Yaqian Zhao. An Alternative Arrangement for the Alum Sludge Management: Minimising Waste with Low-Cost Solar Techniques. Am J Chem Eng. 2016;4(2):30-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11,
  author = {Maha A. Tony and Aghareed M. Tayeb and Yaqian Zhao},
  title = {An Alternative Arrangement for the Alum Sludge Management: Minimising Waste with Low-Cost Solar Techniques},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {30-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20160402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20160402.11},
  abstract = {Alum sludge produced from the drinking water treatment plants was used to investigate the improvement capabilities in its dewatering properties. The sludge was passed through a laboratory solar still towards reducing the sludge volume during the dewatering process. A number of parameters describing the distillate and the sludge were measured at the end of each experiment in order to determine the process behaviour under conditions of relatively high solar radiation which is reached to 1014 W/m2 and temperature levels which reaches inside the still to a maximum of 87°C. Conventional chemical conditioners in augmentation with the solar dewatering such as polyelectrolyte, and advanced conditioner like photo-Fenton’s reagent were used in the sludge conditioning studies. Experimental results indicated that 10 mg/L of anionic polyelectrolyte conditioner enhance the dewateraibility in the terms of SRF reduction to 97%. However, it reached to 78% when the Fenton’s reagent is added. It is realized that dewatering is accelerated when the polymer is added compared to that of Fenton’s reagent conditioning; Fenton’s reagent offers a more environmentally safe option. Moreover, the volume of distillate collected is nearly a double fold increase in the case of the conditioning with the Fenton’s reagent rather than that for the organic polymer. In addition, the turbidity of the supernatant are: 3.4, 2.7 and 247 NTU for polyelectrolyte, Fenton’s reagent treatment and for the raw sludge, respectively. Furthermore, the optimum influencing variables of Fenton’s reagent is evaluated by applying Box-Behnken experimental design based on the response surface methodology (RSM), i.e. Fe2+, H2O2 and pH are 50 mg/L, 600 mg/l and 8.5, respectively.},
 year = {2016}
}

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