Multiple Sclerosis Clinic in Iraq, an Endeavourforan Unraveling Database

Haider Ali Mohammed; Mohammed Majeed kamil; Hassan Naji Aboud; Bahaa Hassan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Multiple Sclerosis Clinic in Iraq, an Endeavourforan Unraveling Database

Haider Ali Mohammed, Mohammed Majeed kamil, Hassan Naji Aboud, Bahaa Hassan

Published in American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 6, Issue 3)

Received: 28 February 2018 Accepted: 28 March 2018 Published: 29 May 2018

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurologic condition of young adults after trauma. The establishing of an unraveling database carries a potentially important role in clarifying the nature of the disease in Iraq. This study had been designed to find the frequency distribution of MS patients according to different demographic variables like the age at onset, age at diagnosis, gender and place of birth and residence, etc, to estimate the frequency of different neurological symptoms and signs in patients with MS, to estimate the frequency of different clinical types of MS in Iraqi patients and assessing the differences between different clinical types of MS in regard to gender, age at onset, age at diagnosis, the diagnostic delay, disease duration and the EDSS, accordingly. This retrospective study was carried out at the Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Medical City in Baghdad/lraq. The medical files of 900 MS patients were thoroughly revised; they included all patients who had attended the MS Clinic from the day of establishment of the clinic at 2001 to the end of February 2006. Six hundreds seventy six (676) patients were considered as MS patients fulfilling the Poser's criteria and continued visiting the clinic for follow up and treatment. Patient's distribution according to the clinical type of their MS was RRMS= 67.3%, PPMS= 19.1%, SPMS= 13.6% , main age distribution of this sample was between 30-39 years (39.3%).,Females were 64.9%, males were 35.1%.,Age of onset was mainly between 20-29 years of age regardless of the gender or type of MS, Diagnostic delay was mainly between 1-3 years, Distribution according to place of birth was seen mainly in 3 geographical clusters in Iraq, Motor symptoms were the commonest experienced by the patients (95.7%). This study had shown that during the last 2 decades, MS was increasingly encountered in Iraq, particularly during the last 5 years after the establishment of MS clinic in Baghdad, MS cases in Iraq distributed in a three-main-clusters pattern rather than North-South gradient, primary progressive MS showed a more even gender distribution and older age at onset with the shortest diagnostic delay.

Published in	American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12
Page(s)	69-82
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Multiple Sclerosis, Iraqi Patients, Distribution

References

[1]	Dawson DM. Multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. In: Samuels MA (ed). Manual of Neurologic Therapeutics. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2004:179-90.
[2]	Gatley K. The historical maze of multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2005; 4:
[3]	Aminoff MJ. Nervous system. In: Tierney LM, McPhee SJ, Papadakis MA, eds. Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill: New York. 2005; 983.
[4]	Pugliatti M, Sotgiu S, Rosati G. The worldwide prevelance of multiple sclerosis. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 2002; 104: 182-91.
[5]	Rosati G. Descriptive epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Europe in the 1980s: a critical overview. Ann Neurol 1994; 36 (Suppl 2):S164 - 74.
[6]	Sadovnick A, Ebers G. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: a critical overview. Can J Neurol Sci 1993; 20:17-29.
[7]	Noseworthy J, Lucchinetti C, Rodriguez M, Weinshenker B. Multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 938-52.
[8]	Marrie RA. Environmental risk factors in multiple sclerosis etiology. Lancet Neurol 2004; 3: 709-18.
[9]	Pugliatti M, Sotgiu S, Rosati G. The worldwide prevalence of multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2002; 104: 182-91.
[10]	Kurtzke JF. A reassessment of the distribution of multiple sclerosis. Part one. Acta Neurol Scand 1975; 51: 110-36.
[11]	AI-Araji A, Mohammed Al. Multiple sclerosis in Iraq: does it have the same features encountered in Western countries. J Neurol Sciences 2005; 234: 67-71.
[12]	Sumelahti M-L, Tienari PJ, Hakama M, Wikstrom J. Multiple sclerosis in Finland:incidence trends and differences in relapsing remitting and primary progressive disease courses. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 74: 25-28.
[13]	McGuigan C, McCarthy A, Quigley C, Bannan L, Hawkins SA, Hutchinson M. Latitudinal variation in the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Ireland, an effect of genetic diversity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 75: 572-76.
[14]	Amerindians, Samis, Hutterites, Maoris. Microsoft Encarta Premium DVD 2006: an electronic based encyclopedia, accessed April 2006.
[15]	Page WF, Kurtzke JF, Murphy FM, Norman JE. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in U.S. Veterans: V. Ancestry and the risk of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1993; 33: 632-39.
[16]	Dyment DA, Sadovenick AD, Ebers GC. Genetics of multiple sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 1997; 6: 1693-8.
[17]	Weiner I-IL. A 21 point unifying hypothesis on the etiology and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Can J Neurol Sci 1998; 25: 93-101.
[18]	Cooper GS, Stroehla BC. The epidemiology of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2003; 2: 119-25.
[19]	Confavreux C, Hutchinson M, Hours MM, Cortinovis-Tourniaire P, Moreau T, for the Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis Group. Rate of pregnancy-related relapse in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 285-91.
[20]	Broadley SA, Deans J, Sawcer SJ, Clayton D, Compston DAS. Autoimmune disease in first-degree relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis. A UK survey. Brain 2000; 123:1102-11.
[21]	Dyment DA, Ebers GC, Sadovnick AD. Genetics of multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2004; 3:104-10.
[22]	Keegan BM, Nosewoflhy JH. Multiple sclerosis. Ann Rev Med 2002; 53: 285-302.
[23]	Dyment DA, Ebers GC, Sadovnick AD. Genetics of multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2004; 3: 104-10.
[24]	Peterson JW, Bo L, Mork S, Chang A, Trapp BD. Transected neurites, apoptotic neurons, and reduced inflammation in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Neurol 2001; 50:389-400.
[25]	Ferguson B, Matyszak MK, Esiri MM, Perry VH. Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 1997; 120: 393-99.
[26]	Trapp BD, Peterson J, Ransohof RM, Rudick R, Mork S, Bo L. Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 278-85.
[27]	Trapp BD, Ransohoff RM, Fisher E, Rudick RA. Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis: relationship to neurological disability. Prog Clin Neurosci 1999; 5: 48-57.
[28]	Lucchinetti C, Bruck W, Parisi J, Scheithauer B, Rodriguez M, Lassman H. Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination. Ann Neurol 2000; 47: 707-17.
[29]	Rice GPA. Virology. In: Paty DW, Ebers GC. Multiple Sclerosis (Contemporary Neurology, No. 50). Oxford University Press, 1999: 382-402.
[30]	Eichhorst H. Veber infantile und hereditare multiple sklerosis. Arch Pathol Anat Physiol Klin Med 1896; 146: 173-92.
[31]	Mackay RP. The familial occurrence of multiple sclerosis and its implications. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis 1950; 28: 149-77.
[32]	Jersild C, Svejgaard A, Fog T. I-ILA antigens and multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1972; 2:1240-41.
[33]	Naito S, Namerow N, Mickey M, Teraski P. Multiple Sclerosis: association with HL-A3. Tissue Antigens 1972; 2: 1-4.
[34]	Ebers GC, Sadovnick AD, Risch NJ, for the Canadian Collaborative Study Group. A genetic basis for familial aggregation in multiple sclerosis. Nature 1995; 377: 150-51.
[35]	Ebers GC, Sadovnick AD. The Geographic Distribution of Multiple Sclerosis: a review. Neuroepidemiology 1993; 12:1-5.
[36]	Dyment DA, Willer CJ, Scott B, et al. Genetic susceptibility to MS: a second stage analysis in Canadian MS families. Neurogenetics 2001; 3: 145-51.
[37]	Sadovnick AD, Armstrong H, Rice GPA, et al. A population-based study of multiple sclerosis in twins: update. Ann Neurol 1993; 33: 281-85.
[38]	Sadovnick AD, Ebers GC, Dyment DA, Risch NJ. Evidence for genetic basis for multiple sclerosis. The Canadian Collaborative Study Group. Lancet 1996; 347: 1728-30.
[39]	Cook SD, Dowling PC. Multiple sclerosis and viruses: an overview. Neurology 1980; 30: 80-91.
[40]	Haire M. Significance of virus antibodies in multiple sclerosis. Br Med Bull 1977; 33:40-44.
[41]	Casetta I, Granieri E, Malagu S, et al. Environmental risk factors and multiple sclerosis:a communitybased, case-control study in the province of Ferrara, Italy. Neuroepidemiology 1994; 13: 120-28.
[42]	Souberbielle BE, Martin-Mondiere C, O'Brien ME, Carydakis C, Cearo P, Degos JD. A case-control epidemiological study of MS in the Paris area with particular reference to past disease history and profession. Acta Neurol Scand 1990; 82: 303-10.
[43]	Zorzon M, Zivadinov R, Nasuelli D, et al. Risk factors of multiple sclerosis: a casecontrol study. Neurol Sci 2003; 24:242-47.
[44]	Stenager E, Bronnum-Hansen H, Koch-Henriksen N. Risk of multiple sclerosis in nurse anesthetists. Mult Scler 2003; 9: 427-28.
[45]	Flodin U, Landtblom A-M, Axelson O. Multiple sclerosis in nurse anesthetists. Occup Environ Med 2003; 60: 66-68.
[46]	Koch-Henriksen N. An epidemiological study of multiple sclerosis. Familial aggregation, social determinants, and exogenic factors. Acta Neurol Scand 1989; 124: 1-123.
[47]	Riise T, Moen BE, Kyvik KR. Organic solvents and the risk of multiple sclerosis. Epidemiology 2002; 13: 718-20.
[48]	Mortensen JT, Bronnum-Hansen H, Rasmussen K. Multiple sclerosis and organic solvents. Epidemiology 1998; 9: 168-71.
[49]	Flodin U, Soderfeldt B, Noorlind-Brage H, Fredriksson M, Axelson O. Multiple sclerosis, solvents, and pets. Arch Neurol 1988; 45: 620-23.
[50]	Amaducci L, Arfaioli C, Inzitari D, Marchi M. Multiple sclerosis among shoe and leather workers: an epidemiological survey in Florence. Acta Neurol Scand 1982; 65:94-103.
[51]	Landtblom A-M, Flodin U, Karlsson M, Palhagen S, Axelson O, Soderfeldt B. Multiple sclerosis and exposure to solvents, ionizing radiation and animals. Scand J Work Environ Health 1993; 19: 399-404.
[52]	Gronning M, Albrektsen G, Kvale G, Moen BE, Aarli JA, Nyland H. Organic solvents and multiple sclerosis: a case-control study. Acta Neurol Scand 1993; 88: 247-50.
[53]	Nelson NA, Robins TG, White RF, Garrison RI). A case-control study of chronic neuropsychiatric disease and organic solvent exposure in automobile assembly plant workers. Occup Environ Med 1994; 51: 302-07.
[54]	Juntunen J, Kinnunen E, Antti-Poika M, Koskenvuo M. Multiple sclerosis and occupational exposure to chemicals: a co-twin control study of a nationwide series of twins. Br J Ind Med 1989; 46: 417-19.
[55]	Hayes CE. Vitamin D: A natural inhibitor of multiple sclerosis. Proc Nutr Soc 2000; 59:531-35.
[56]	Fox RJ, Bethoux F, Goldman MD, Cohen JA. Multiple sclerosis: advances in understanding, diagnosing, and treating the underlying disease. Cleveland Clinic J Med 2006; 73: 91-102.
[57]	Beck RW, Trobe JD, Moke PS, et al. High- and low-risk profiles for the development of multiple sclerosis within 10 years after optic neuritis: experience of the optic neuritis treatment trial. Arch Ophthalmol 2003; 121: 944-49.
[58]	Bobholz JA, Rao SM. Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: a review of recent development. Curr Open Neurol 2003; 16: 283-8.
[59]	Goldmen MD, Cohen JA, Fox RAJ, Bethoux FA. Multiple sclerosis: treating symptoms and other general medical issues. Cleveland Clinic J Med 2006; 73: 177-86.
[60]	Multiple sclerosis and allied demyelinative diseases. In: Ropper AH, Brown RH, eds. Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2005: 771-796.
[61]	Lucchinetti CF, Mandler RN, McGavern D, et al. A role for humoral mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Devic's neuromyelitis optica. Brain 2002; 125: 1450-61.
[62]	Lublin FD, Reingold SC. Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: results of an international survey. Neurology 1996; 46: 907-11.
[63]	Poser CM, Paw DW, Scheinberg L, McDonald WI, Davis FA, Ebers GC, Johnson KP, Sibley WA, Silberberg DH & Tourtellotte WW. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol 1983; 13:227-31.
[64]	Miller AE. Editor's preface. Continuum, life long learning in neurology: Multiple Sclerosis. 2004; December: 9.
[65]	0rhun K, Dean W. Epidemiology and natural history of multiple sclerosis: new insights. Curr Opinion Neurol 2006; 19: 248-54.
[66]	Whetten-Goldstein K, Sloan FA, Goldstein LB, Kulas ED. A comprehensive assessment of the cost of multiple sclerosis in the United States. Mult Scler 1998; 4:419-425.
[67]	Richards RG, Simpson FC, Beard SM, Tappenden P. A review of the natural history and epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: implications for resource allocation and health economic models. Health Technology Assessment 2002; vol.6: No. 10, pp 1-73.
[68]	Group TIMSS. Interferon beta-lb is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. I. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 1993; 43:655-61.
[69]	Johnson KP, Brooks BR, Cohen JA, et al. Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase Ill multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology 1995; 45:1268—76.
[70]	Hartung HP, Gonsette R, Konig N, et al. Mitoxantrone in progressive multiple sclerosis:a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet 2002; 360:2018-25.
[71]	Kira J. Multiple sclerosis in the Japanese population. Lancet Neurol 2003; 2: 117-27.
[72]	Hung TP, Landsborough D, Hsi MS. Multiple sclerosis amongst Chinese in Taiwan. J Neurol Sci 1976; 27: 459-84.
[73]	Yu YL, woo E, Hawkins BR, Cho HC, Huang CY. Multiple sclerosis amongst Chinese in Hong Kong. Brain 1989; 112: 1445-67.
[74]	Lau KK, Wong LKS, Li LSW, Chan YW, Li HL, Wong V. Epidemiological study of multiple sclerosis in Hong Kong Chinese: questionnaire survey. Hong Kong Med J 2002; 8: 77-80.
[75]	Singhal BS. Clinical profile and HLA-studies in Indian multiple sclerosis patients from the Bombay region. In: Kuroiwa Y, Kurland LT, eds. Multiple sclerosis East and West. Fukuoka: Kyushu University Press, 1982: 123-34.
[76]	Kurtzke JF, Park CS, Oh SJ. Multiple sclerosis in Korea: clinical features and prevalence. J Neurol Sci 1968; 6: 463—81.
[77]	Kim S W, Kim SK. Multiple sclerosis in Busan, Korea: clinical features and prevalence. In: Kuroiwa Y, Kurland LT, eds. Multiple sclerosis East and West. Fukuoka: KyushuUniversity Press, 1982: 57-70.
[78]	Tan CT. Multiple sclerosis in Malaysia. Arch Neurol 1988; 45: 624-27.
[79]	Vejjajiva A. Some clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis in Thai patients. In: Kuroiwa Y, Kurland LT, eds. Multiple sclerosis East and West. Fukuoka: Kyushu University Press, 1982: 117-21.
[80]	Al-Din ASN, El-Khateeb M, Kurdi A, et al. Multiple sclerosis in Arabs in Jordan. J Neurol Sci 1995; 131: 144-49.
[81]	Yaqub BA, Daif AK. Multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia. Neurology 1988; 38: 621-23.
[82]	Al-Din ASN, Khogali M, Poser CM, et al. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Arabs in Kuwait: a comparative study between Kuwaitis and Palestinians. J Neurol Sci 1990; 100: 137-41.
[83]	Shabby JA. Multiple sclerosis in Iraq. Wien Z Nervenheilkd 1958; 15: 267-83.
[84]	Benedikz J, Steansson M, Guomundsson J, et al. The natural history of untreated multiple sclerosis in Iceland: a total population-based 50 year prospective study. Clinic Neurol Neurosurg 2002; 104: 208-10.
[85]	Barnett MH, Williams DB, Day S, Macaskill P, McLeod JG. Progressive increase in incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Newcastle, Australia: a 35-year study. J Neurol Sci 2003; 213: 1-6.
[86]	Rice GPA. The genetic epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. Continuum, life long learning in Neurology: multiple sclerosis 2004; December: 28-37.
[87]	O'Connor P on behalf of the Canadian Multiple Sclerosis Working Group. Key issues in the diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2002; 59 (suppl 3): S 1-33.
[88]	Voulgari PV, Katsimbri P, Alamanos Y, Drosos AA. Gender and age differences in systemic lupus erythematosus: a study of 489 Greek patients with a review of the literature. Lupus 2002; 11: 722-29.
[89]	Symmons DI). Epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis: determinants of onset, persistence and outcome. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2002; 16: 707—22.
[90]	Willer CJ, Sadovnick AD, Ebers GC. Microchimerism in autoimmunity and transplantation: potential relevance to multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 126: 126-33.
[91]	Reipert B. Multiple sclerosis: a short review of the disease and its differences between men and women. Journal of Men's Health & Gender 2004; 1: 334-40.
[92]	Duquette P, Murray TJ, Pleines J, et al. Multiple Sclerosis in childhood: clinical profile in 125 patients. J Pediat 1987; 111: 359-63.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Haider Ali Mohammed, Mohammed Majeed kamil, Hassan Naji Aboud, Bahaa Hassan. (2018). Multiple Sclerosis Clinic in Iraq, an Endeavourforan Unraveling Database. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 6(3), 69-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Haider Ali Mohammed; Mohammed Majeed kamil; Hassan Naji Aboud; Bahaa Hassan. Multiple Sclerosis Clinic in Iraq, an Endeavourforan Unraveling Database. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2018, 6(3), 69-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Haider Ali Mohammed, Mohammed Majeed kamil, Hassan Naji Aboud, Bahaa Hassan. Multiple Sclerosis Clinic in Iraq, an Endeavourforan Unraveling Database. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2018;6(3):69-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12,
  author = {Haider Ali Mohammed and Mohammed Majeed kamil and Hassan Naji Aboud and Bahaa Hassan},
  title = {Multiple Sclerosis Clinic in Iraq, an Endeavourforan Unraveling Database},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {69-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20180603.12},
  abstract = {Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurologic condition of young adults after trauma. The establishing of an unraveling database carries a potentially important role in clarifying the nature of the disease in Iraq. This study had been designed to find the frequency distribution of MS patients according to different demographic variables like the age at onset, age at diagnosis, gender and place of birth and residence, etc, to estimate the frequency of different neurological symptoms and signs in patients with MS, to estimate the frequency of different clinical types of MS in Iraqi patients and assessing the differences between different clinical types of MS in regard to gender, age at onset, age at diagnosis, the diagnostic delay, disease duration and the EDSS, accordingly. This retrospective study was carried out at the Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Medical City in Baghdad/lraq. The medical files of 900 MS patients were thoroughly revised; they included all patients who had attended the MS Clinic from the day of establishment of the clinic at 2001 to the end of February 2006. Six hundreds seventy six (676) patients were considered as MS patients fulfilling the Poser's criteria and continued visiting the clinic for follow up and treatment. Patient's distribution according to the clinical type of their MS was RRMS= 67.3%, PPMS= 19.1%, SPMS= 13.6% , main age distribution of this sample was between 30-39 years (39.3%).,Females were 64.9%, males were 35.1%.,Age of onset was mainly between 20-29 years of age regardless of the gender or type of MS, Diagnostic delay was mainly between 1-3 years, Distribution according to place of birth was seen mainly in 3 geographical clusters in Iraq, Motor symptoms were the commonest experienced by the patients (95.7%). This study had shown that during the last 2 decades, MS was increasingly encountered in Iraq, particularly during the last 5 years after the establishment of MS clinic in Baghdad, MS cases in Iraq distributed in a three-main-clusters pattern rather than North-South gradient, primary progressive MS showed a more even gender distribution and older age at onset with the shortest diagnostic delay.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Multiple Sclerosis Clinic in Iraq, an Endeavourforan Unraveling Database
AU  - Haider Ali Mohammed
AU  - Mohammed Majeed kamil
AU  - Hassan Naji Aboud
AU  - Bahaa Hassan
Y1  - 2018/05/29
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 69
EP  - 82
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12
AB  - Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurologic condition of young adults after trauma. The establishing of an unraveling database carries a potentially important role in clarifying the nature of the disease in Iraq. This study had been designed to find the frequency distribution of MS patients according to different demographic variables like the age at onset, age at diagnosis, gender and place of birth and residence, etc, to estimate the frequency of different neurological symptoms and signs in patients with MS, to estimate the frequency of different clinical types of MS in Iraqi patients and assessing the differences between different clinical types of MS in regard to gender, age at onset, age at diagnosis, the diagnostic delay, disease duration and the EDSS, accordingly. This retrospective study was carried out at the Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Medical City in Baghdad/lraq. The medical files of 900 MS patients were thoroughly revised; they included all patients who had attended the MS Clinic from the day of establishment of the clinic at 2001 to the end of February 2006. Six hundreds seventy six (676) patients were considered as MS patients fulfilling the Poser's criteria and continued visiting the clinic for follow up and treatment. Patient's distribution according to the clinical type of their MS was RRMS= 67.3%, PPMS= 19.1%, SPMS= 13.6% , main age distribution of this sample was between 30-39 years (39.3%).,Females were 64.9%, males were 35.1%.,Age of onset was mainly between 20-29 years of age regardless of the gender or type of MS, Diagnostic delay was mainly between 1-3 years, Distribution according to place of birth was seen mainly in 3 geographical clusters in Iraq, Motor symptoms were the commonest experienced by the patients (95.7%). This study had shown that during the last 2 decades, MS was increasingly encountered in Iraq, particularly during the last 5 years after the establishment of MS clinic in Baghdad, MS cases in Iraq distributed in a three-main-clusters pattern rather than North-South gradient, primary progressive MS showed a more even gender distribution and older age at onset with the shortest diagnostic delay.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Haider Ali Mohammed

Neurology Department, Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
Mohammed Majeed kamil

Neurology Department, Baquba Teaching Hospital, Dyiala, Iraq
Hassan Naji Aboud

Neurology Department, Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
Bahaa Hassan

Neurology Department, Neurosciences Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Haider Ali Mohammed, Mohammed Majeed kamil, Hassan Naji Aboud, Bahaa Hassan. (2018). Multiple Sclerosis Clinic in Iraq, an Endeavourforan Unraveling Database. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 6(3), 69-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Haider Ali Mohammed; Mohammed Majeed kamil; Hassan Naji Aboud; Bahaa Hassan. Multiple Sclerosis Clinic in Iraq, an Endeavourforan Unraveling Database. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2018, 6(3), 69-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Haider Ali Mohammed, Mohammed Majeed kamil, Hassan Naji Aboud, Bahaa Hassan. Multiple Sclerosis Clinic in Iraq, an Endeavourforan Unraveling Database. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2018;6(3):69-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12,
  author = {Haider Ali Mohammed and Mohammed Majeed kamil and Hassan Naji Aboud and Bahaa Hassan},
  title = {Multiple Sclerosis Clinic in Iraq, an Endeavourforan Unraveling Database},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {69-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20180603.12},
  abstract = {Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurologic condition of young adults after trauma. The establishing of an unraveling database carries a potentially important role in clarifying the nature of the disease in Iraq. This study had been designed to find the frequency distribution of MS patients according to different demographic variables like the age at onset, age at diagnosis, gender and place of birth and residence, etc, to estimate the frequency of different neurological symptoms and signs in patients with MS, to estimate the frequency of different clinical types of MS in Iraqi patients and assessing the differences between different clinical types of MS in regard to gender, age at onset, age at diagnosis, the diagnostic delay, disease duration and the EDSS, accordingly. This retrospective study was carried out at the Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Medical City in Baghdad/lraq. The medical files of 900 MS patients were thoroughly revised; they included all patients who had attended the MS Clinic from the day of establishment of the clinic at 2001 to the end of February 2006. Six hundreds seventy six (676) patients were considered as MS patients fulfilling the Poser's criteria and continued visiting the clinic for follow up and treatment. Patient's distribution according to the clinical type of their MS was RRMS= 67.3%, PPMS= 19.1%, SPMS= 13.6% , main age distribution of this sample was between 30-39 years (39.3%).,Females were 64.9%, males were 35.1%.,Age of onset was mainly between 20-29 years of age regardless of the gender or type of MS, Diagnostic delay was mainly between 1-3 years, Distribution according to place of birth was seen mainly in 3 geographical clusters in Iraq, Motor symptoms were the commonest experienced by the patients (95.7%). This study had shown that during the last 2 decades, MS was increasingly encountered in Iraq, particularly during the last 5 years after the establishment of MS clinic in Baghdad, MS cases in Iraq distributed in a three-main-clusters pattern rather than North-South gradient, primary progressive MS showed a more even gender distribution and older age at onset with the shortest diagnostic delay.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Multiple Sclerosis Clinic in Iraq, an Endeavourforan Unraveling Database
AU  - Haider Ali Mohammed
AU  - Mohammed Majeed kamil
AU  - Hassan Naji Aboud
AU  - Bahaa Hassan
Y1  - 2018/05/29
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 69
EP  - 82
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20180603.12
AB  - Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurologic condition of young adults after trauma. The establishing of an unraveling database carries a potentially important role in clarifying the nature of the disease in Iraq. This study had been designed to find the frequency distribution of MS patients according to different demographic variables like the age at onset, age at diagnosis, gender and place of birth and residence, etc, to estimate the frequency of different neurological symptoms and signs in patients with MS, to estimate the frequency of different clinical types of MS in Iraqi patients and assessing the differences between different clinical types of MS in regard to gender, age at onset, age at diagnosis, the diagnostic delay, disease duration and the EDSS, accordingly. This retrospective study was carried out at the Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Medical City in Baghdad/lraq. The medical files of 900 MS patients were thoroughly revised; they included all patients who had attended the MS Clinic from the day of establishment of the clinic at 2001 to the end of February 2006. Six hundreds seventy six (676) patients were considered as MS patients fulfilling the Poser's criteria and continued visiting the clinic for follow up and treatment. Patient's distribution according to the clinical type of their MS was RRMS= 67.3%, PPMS= 19.1%, SPMS= 13.6% , main age distribution of this sample was between 30-39 years (39.3%).,Females were 64.9%, males were 35.1%.,Age of onset was mainly between 20-29 years of age regardless of the gender or type of MS, Diagnostic delay was mainly between 1-3 years, Distribution according to place of birth was seen mainly in 3 geographical clusters in Iraq, Motor symptoms were the commonest experienced by the patients (95.7%). This study had shown that during the last 2 decades, MS was increasingly encountered in Iraq, particularly during the last 5 years after the establishment of MS clinic in Baghdad, MS cases in Iraq distributed in a three-main-clusters pattern rather than North-South gradient, primary progressive MS showed a more even gender distribution and older age at onset with the shortest diagnostic delay.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download