The Protection Effect of Topical Cocoa Extract on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Formation and Tissue Neutrophil in Mice Induced by Ultraviolet B

Utin Variantini; Safruddin Amin; Anni Adriani; Idham Jaya Ganda; Gemini Alam; M. Husni Cangara

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11

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The Protection Effect of Topical Cocoa Extract on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Formation and Tissue Neutrophil in Mice Induced by Ultraviolet B

Utin Variantini, Safruddin Amin, Anni Adriani, Idham Jaya Ganda, Gemini Alam, M. Husni Cangara

Published in American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 4, Issue 6)

Received: 18 September 2016 Accepted: 27 September 2016 Published: 19 October 2016

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Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dangerous effects on the skin that may cause multiple clinical and cellular effects, which will produce DNA damage characterized by formation of photoproducts such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), and acute inflammation characterized by neutrophil infiltration in the skin tissues. Cocoa flavanols are natural anti inflammatory molecules that has a role in preventing cutaneous UV damage. The aims of this study are to assess protection effects of topical cocoa extract against formation of CPD and tissue neutrophils caused by ultraviolet B radiation. This study is a true experimental study using mice as animal model, conducted at animal laboratory of Hasanuddin University and Sentra Diagnostic Patologia Laboratory from April to Mei 2016. Total of samples were 30. Protection effects of CPD formation occur with application of 200 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 60% and 40%, respectively. There was an increased in protection with application of 400 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 80% and 20%, respectively, and there was decrease of protection with application of 800 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 40% and 60% respectively. The group which only exposed with UVB has higher mean of tissue neutrophils (mean=10,4), and groups with application of 400 ppm and 800 ppm cocoa extract have lowest mean of tissue neutrophils (mean=1,4). There was no significant differences between groups with application of 400 ppm and 800 ppm cocoa extract. The best protection effects on CPD formation and tissue neutrophil achieved with application 400 ppm of cocoa extract.

Published in	American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 4, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11
Page(s)	160-165
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer, Tissue Neutrophil, Ultraviolet B

References

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[2]	Li N-N, Deng L, Xiangan L-P, Liang Y-R. Photoprotective effect of tea and its extracts against ultraviolet radiation-induced skin disorders Trop J Pharm Res. 2014;13(3):475-83.
[3]	Kozma B, Eide MJ. Photocarcinogenesis an epidemiologic perspective on ultraviolet light and skin cancer. Dermatol Clin. 2014;32:301-13.
[4]	Kochevar IE, Taylor CR, Krutmann J. Fundamentals of cutaneous photobiology and photoimunology In: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolf K, editors. Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine. 8 ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012. p. 1459-81.
[5]	Runger TM, Kraemer KH. Genome instability, DNA repair, and cancer. In: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolf K, editors. Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine. 8 ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012. p. 1748-62.
[6]	Widyarini S. Protective effect of the isoflavone equol against DNA damage induced by ultaviolet radiation to hairless mouse skin. J Vet Sci. 2006;7(3):217-23.
[7]	Nichols JA, Katiyar SK. Skin photoprotection by natural polyphenols: anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and DNA repair mechanisms. Arch Dermatol Res. 2010;302(2):1-11.
[8]	Pastila R. Pastila, R. 2013. Effects of ultaviolet radiation on skin cell proteome. Rad Proteomics, 990, 121-127. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013;990:121-7.
[9]	Kochevar IE, Taylor CR, Krutmann J. Fundamentals of cutaneous photobiology and photoimmunology. In: Golsdsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffel DJ, Wolf K, editors. Fitzpatrick's dermatology ini general medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012. p. 1459-81.
[10]	Djawad K. Efek fotoprotektif kurkumin terhadap ekspresi CPD, 8-OHdG, apoptosis dan hiperplasia epidermis. Makassar: Hasanuddin University; 2008.
[11]	Adriani A. Analisis ekspresi 8-OHdG, PCNA, dan hiperplasia epidermis pada kulit mencit yang mendapat ekstrak kakao topikal dan paparan UVB. Makassar: Hasanuddin University; 2014.
[12]	DeHaven C, Hayden PJ, Amento A, Oidach J. DNA photoprotection conveyed by sunscreen. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2014;13:99-102.
[13]	Vink AA, Berg RJW, Gruijl FRd, Lohman PHM, Roza L, Baan RA. Detection of thymine dimers in suprabasal and basal cells of chronically UV-B exposed hairless mice. J Invest Dermatol. 1993;100(6):795-9.
[14]	Bouayed J, Bohn T. Exogenous antioxidants—double-edged swords in cellular redox state. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2010;3(4):228-37.
[15]	Kolaczkowska E, Kubes P. Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation. Immunol. 2013;13:159-72.
[16]	Kruger P, Saffarzadeh M, Weber ANR, Rieber N, Radsak M, Bernuth Hv, et al. Neutrophils: between host defence, immune modulation, and tissue injury. PLOS Pathogens 2015;12:1-23.
[17]	Williams S, Tamburic S, Lally C. Eating chocolate can significantly protect the skin from UV light. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2009;8:169-73.
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APA Style

Utin Variantini, Safruddin Amin, Anni Adriani, Idham Jaya Ganda, Gemini Alam, et al. (2016). The Protection Effect of Topical Cocoa Extract on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Formation and Tissue Neutrophil in Mice Induced by Ultraviolet B. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 4(6), 160-165. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11

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ACS Style

Utin Variantini; Safruddin Amin; Anni Adriani; Idham Jaya Ganda; Gemini Alam, et al. The Protection Effect of Topical Cocoa Extract on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Formation and Tissue Neutrophil in Mice Induced by Ultraviolet B. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2016, 4(6), 160-165. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11

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AMA Style

Utin Variantini, Safruddin Amin, Anni Adriani, Idham Jaya Ganda, Gemini Alam, et al. The Protection Effect of Topical Cocoa Extract on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Formation and Tissue Neutrophil in Mice Induced by Ultraviolet B. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2016;4(6):160-165. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11,
  author = {Utin Variantini and Safruddin Amin and Anni Adriani and Idham Jaya Ganda and Gemini Alam and M. Husni Cangara},
  title = {The Protection Effect of Topical Cocoa Extract on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Formation and Tissue Neutrophil in Mice Induced by Ultraviolet B},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {160-165},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20160406.11},
  abstract = {Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dangerous effects on the skin that may cause multiple clinical and cellular effects, which will produce DNA damage characterized by formation of photoproducts such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), and acute inflammation characterized by neutrophil infiltration in the skin tissues. Cocoa flavanols are natural anti inflammatory molecules that has a role in preventing cutaneous UV damage. The aims of this study are to assess protection effects of topical cocoa extract against formation of CPD and tissue neutrophils caused by ultraviolet B radiation. This study is a true experimental study using mice as animal model, conducted at animal laboratory of Hasanuddin University and Sentra Diagnostic Patologia Laboratory from April to Mei 2016. Total of samples were 30. Protection effects of CPD formation occur with application of 200 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 60% and 40%, respectively. There was an increased in protection with application of 400 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 80% and 20%, respectively, and there was decrease of protection with application of 800 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 40% and 60% respectively. The group which only exposed with UVB has higher mean of tissue neutrophils (mean=10,4), and groups with application of 400 ppm and 800 ppm cocoa extract have lowest mean of tissue neutrophils (mean=1,4). There was no significant differences between groups with application of 400 ppm and 800 ppm cocoa extract. The best protection effects on CPD formation and tissue neutrophil achieved with application 400 ppm of cocoa extract.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Protection Effect of Topical Cocoa Extract on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Formation and Tissue Neutrophil in Mice Induced by Ultraviolet B
AU  - Utin Variantini
AU  - Safruddin Amin
AU  - Anni Adriani
AU  - Idham Jaya Ganda
AU  - Gemini Alam
AU  - M. Husni Cangara
Y1  - 2016/10/19
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 160
EP  - 165
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11
AB  - Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dangerous effects on the skin that may cause multiple clinical and cellular effects, which will produce DNA damage characterized by formation of photoproducts such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), and acute inflammation characterized by neutrophil infiltration in the skin tissues. Cocoa flavanols are natural anti inflammatory molecules that has a role in preventing cutaneous UV damage. The aims of this study are to assess protection effects of topical cocoa extract against formation of CPD and tissue neutrophils caused by ultraviolet B radiation. This study is a true experimental study using mice as animal model, conducted at animal laboratory of Hasanuddin University and Sentra Diagnostic Patologia Laboratory from April to Mei 2016. Total of samples were 30. Protection effects of CPD formation occur with application of 200 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 60% and 40%, respectively. There was an increased in protection with application of 400 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 80% and 20%, respectively, and there was decrease of protection with application of 800 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 40% and 60% respectively. The group which only exposed with UVB has higher mean of tissue neutrophils (mean=10,4), and groups with application of 400 ppm and 800 ppm cocoa extract have lowest mean of tissue neutrophils (mean=1,4). There was no significant differences between groups with application of 400 ppm and 800 ppm cocoa extract. The best protection effects on CPD formation and tissue neutrophil achieved with application 400 ppm of cocoa extract.
VL  - 4
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Utin Variantini

Departement of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Safruddin Amin

Departement of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Anni Adriani

Departement of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Idham Jaya Ganda

Departement of Biostatistic, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Gemini Alam

Departement of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
M. Husni Cangara

Departement of Anatomical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

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APA Style

Utin Variantini, Safruddin Amin, Anni Adriani, Idham Jaya Ganda, Gemini Alam, et al. (2016). The Protection Effect of Topical Cocoa Extract on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Formation and Tissue Neutrophil in Mice Induced by Ultraviolet B. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 4(6), 160-165. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11

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ACS Style

Utin Variantini; Safruddin Amin; Anni Adriani; Idham Jaya Ganda; Gemini Alam, et al. The Protection Effect of Topical Cocoa Extract on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Formation and Tissue Neutrophil in Mice Induced by Ultraviolet B. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2016, 4(6), 160-165. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11

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AMA Style

Utin Variantini, Safruddin Amin, Anni Adriani, Idham Jaya Ganda, Gemini Alam, et al. The Protection Effect of Topical Cocoa Extract on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Formation and Tissue Neutrophil in Mice Induced by Ultraviolet B. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2016;4(6):160-165. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11,
  author = {Utin Variantini and Safruddin Amin and Anni Adriani and Idham Jaya Ganda and Gemini Alam and M. Husni Cangara},
  title = {The Protection Effect of Topical Cocoa Extract on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Formation and Tissue Neutrophil in Mice Induced by Ultraviolet B},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {160-165},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20160406.11},
  abstract = {Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dangerous effects on the skin that may cause multiple clinical and cellular effects, which will produce DNA damage characterized by formation of photoproducts such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), and acute inflammation characterized by neutrophil infiltration in the skin tissues. Cocoa flavanols are natural anti inflammatory molecules that has a role in preventing cutaneous UV damage. The aims of this study are to assess protection effects of topical cocoa extract against formation of CPD and tissue neutrophils caused by ultraviolet B radiation. This study is a true experimental study using mice as animal model, conducted at animal laboratory of Hasanuddin University and Sentra Diagnostic Patologia Laboratory from April to Mei 2016. Total of samples were 30. Protection effects of CPD formation occur with application of 200 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 60% and 40%, respectively. There was an increased in protection with application of 400 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 80% and 20%, respectively, and there was decrease of protection with application of 800 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 40% and 60% respectively. The group which only exposed with UVB has higher mean of tissue neutrophils (mean=10,4), and groups with application of 400 ppm and 800 ppm cocoa extract have lowest mean of tissue neutrophils (mean=1,4). There was no significant differences between groups with application of 400 ppm and 800 ppm cocoa extract. The best protection effects on CPD formation and tissue neutrophil achieved with application 400 ppm of cocoa extract.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Protection Effect of Topical Cocoa Extract on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Formation and Tissue Neutrophil in Mice Induced by Ultraviolet B
AU  - Utin Variantini
AU  - Safruddin Amin
AU  - Anni Adriani
AU  - Idham Jaya Ganda
AU  - Gemini Alam
AU  - M. Husni Cangara
Y1  - 2016/10/19
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 160
EP  - 165
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160406.11
AB  - Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dangerous effects on the skin that may cause multiple clinical and cellular effects, which will produce DNA damage characterized by formation of photoproducts such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), and acute inflammation characterized by neutrophil infiltration in the skin tissues. Cocoa flavanols are natural anti inflammatory molecules that has a role in preventing cutaneous UV damage. The aims of this study are to assess protection effects of topical cocoa extract against formation of CPD and tissue neutrophils caused by ultraviolet B radiation. This study is a true experimental study using mice as animal model, conducted at animal laboratory of Hasanuddin University and Sentra Diagnostic Patologia Laboratory from April to Mei 2016. Total of samples were 30. Protection effects of CPD formation occur with application of 200 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 60% and 40%, respectively. There was an increased in protection with application of 400 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 80% and 20%, respectively, and there was decrease of protection with application of 800 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 40% and 60% respectively. The group which only exposed with UVB has higher mean of tissue neutrophils (mean=10,4), and groups with application of 400 ppm and 800 ppm cocoa extract have lowest mean of tissue neutrophils (mean=1,4). There was no significant differences between groups with application of 400 ppm and 800 ppm cocoa extract. The best protection effects on CPD formation and tissue neutrophil achieved with application 400 ppm of cocoa extract.
VL  - 4
IS  - 6
ER  -

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