Use of Limestone Fines to Reduce Permeability of Concrete for Durability Improvement

J. J. Chen; P. L. Ng; L. G. Li; A. K. H. Kwan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18

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Use of Limestone Fines to Reduce Permeability of Concrete for Durability Improvement

J. J. Chen, P. L. Ng, L. G. Li, A. K. H. Kwan

Published in American Journal of Civil Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 4)

Received: 21 June 2016 Published: 30 June 2016

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Abstract

Traditionally, the use of limestone fines (LF) in concrete is to replace either part of the cement or part of the fine aggregate, notwithstanding this, the authors are advocating that the LF should be better used as cement paste replacement, which is expected to improve the durability and sustainability of concrete at the same time. To verify this new strategy of using LF, 9 nos. concrete mixes of the same powder paste volume ratio and variable LF contents and W/C ratios were produced for permeability and strength measurement. The results proved that the strategy of using LF to partially replace cement paste could effectively decrease the permeability and increase the strength at the same W/C ratio. Furthermore, even when the W/C ratio is allowed to slightly increase while keeping the concrete at the same strength, the permeability can also be significantly reduced for better durability by using LF as cement paste replacement.

Published in	American Journal of Civil Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18
Page(s)	185-190
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Durability, Limestone Fines, Permeability

References

[1]	British Standards Institution, BS EN 197-1: 2011, Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements, BSI, London, UK; 2011.
[2]	L. G. Li, A. K. H. Kwan, “Adding limestone fines as cementitious paste replacement to improve tensile strength, stiffness and durability of concrete” Cem. Con. Comp. vol. 60 (6), 2015, pp. 17-24.
[3]	G. Fares, “Effect of slump cone orientation on the slump flow time (T50) and stability of sustainable self-compacting concrete containing limestone filler,” Constr. Build. Mater. vol. 77, 2015, pp. 145-153.
[4]	S. Kenai, B. Menadi, A. Attar, and J. Khatib, “Effect of crushed limestone fines on strength of mortar and durability of concrete,” Proceedings, International Conference on Construction and Building Technology (ICCBT), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2008, pp. 205-216.
[5]	Z. Guemmadi, H. Houari, and B. Toumi, “Behaviour of limestone sand based concrete with variable filler content,” Proceedings, Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, vol. 2, 2008, pp. 1232-1242.
[6]	C. Aquino, M. Inoue, H. Miura, M. Mizuta, and T. Okamoto, “The effects of limestone aggregate on concrete properties,” Constr. Build. Mater. vol. 24 (12), 2010, pp. 2363-2368.
[7]	B. Menadi, S. Kenai, J. Khatib, and A. Aït-Mokhtar, “Strength and durability of concrete incorporating crushed limestone sand,” Constr. Build. Mater. vol. 23 (2), 2009, pp. 625-633.
[8]	A. M. Diab, A. E. M. Abd Elmoaty, A. A. Aly, “Long term study of mechanical properties, durability and environmental impact of limestone cement concrete,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 19 February 2016.
[9]	A. M. Diab, I. A. Mohamed, A. A. Aliabdo, “Impact of organic carbon on hardened properties and durability of limestone cement concrete,” Constr. Build. Mater. vol. 102, 2016, pp. 688-698.
[10]	British Standards Institution, BS 12: 1996, Specifications for Portland cement, BSI, London, UK; 1996.
[11]	British Standards Institution, BS 882: 1992, Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete. BSI, London, UK; 1992.
[12]	British Standards Institution, BS EN 12390-8: 2009, Testing hardened concrete - Part 8: Depth of penetration of water under pressure. BSI, London, UK; 2009.
[13]	V. S. Ramachandran, and J. J. Beaudoin, Handbook of Analytical Techniques in Concrete Science and Technology: Principles, Techniques and Applications. William Andrew, Norwich, UK; 2000, pp. 709.
[14]	American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C642-06, Standard test method for density, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete. ASTM International, USA; 2006.
[15]	British Standards Institution, BS EN 12390-3: 2009, Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens. BSI, London, UK; 2009.
[16]	A. M. Poppe, and G. De Schutter, “Cement hydration in the presence of high filler contents,” Cem. Con. Res. vol. 35 (12), 2005, pp. 2290-2299.
[17]	S. Tsivilis, J. Tsantilas, G. Kakali, E. Chaniotakis, and A. Sakellariou, “The permeability of Portland limestone cement concrete,” Cem. Con. Res. vol. 33 (9), 2003, pp. 1465-1471.
[18]	D. P. Bentz, E. F. Irassar, B. E. Bucher, and W. J. Weiss, “Limestone fillers conserve cement: Part 1: An analysis based on Powers’ model,” Con. Int. vol. 31 (11), 2009, pp. 41-46.
[19]	D. P. Bentz, E. F. Irassar, B. E. Bucher, and W. J. Weiss, “Limestone fillers conserve cement: Part 2: Durability issues and the effects of limestone fineness on mixtures,” Con. Int. vol. 31 (12), 2009, pp. 35-39.

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APA Style

J. J. Chen, P. L. Ng, L. G. Li, A. K. H. Kwan. (2016). Use of Limestone Fines to Reduce Permeability of Concrete for Durability Improvement. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 4(4), 185-190. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18

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ACS Style

J. J. Chen; P. L. Ng; L. G. Li; A. K. H. Kwan. Use of Limestone Fines to Reduce Permeability of Concrete for Durability Improvement. Am. J. Civ. Eng. 2016, 4(4), 185-190. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18

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AMA Style

J. J. Chen, P. L. Ng, L. G. Li, A. K. H. Kwan. Use of Limestone Fines to Reduce Permeability of Concrete for Durability Improvement. Am J Civ Eng. 2016;4(4):185-190. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18,
  author = {J. J. Chen and P. L. Ng and L. G. Li and A. K. H. Kwan},
  title = {Use of Limestone Fines to Reduce Permeability of Concrete for Durability Improvement},
  journal = {American Journal of Civil Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {185-190},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajce.20160404.18},
  abstract = {Traditionally, the use of limestone fines (LF) in concrete is to replace either part of the cement or part of the fine aggregate, notwithstanding this, the authors are advocating that the LF should be better used as cement paste replacement, which is expected to improve the durability and sustainability of concrete at the same time. To verify this new strategy of using LF, 9 nos. concrete mixes of the same powder paste volume ratio and variable LF contents and W/C ratios were produced for permeability and strength measurement. The results proved that the strategy of using LF to partially replace cement paste could effectively decrease the permeability and increase the strength at the same W/C ratio. Furthermore, even when the W/C ratio is allowed to slightly increase while keeping the concrete at the same strength, the permeability can also be significantly reduced for better durability by using LF as cement paste replacement.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Use of Limestone Fines to Reduce Permeability of Concrete for Durability Improvement
AU  - J. J. Chen
AU  - P. L. Ng
AU  - L. G. Li
AU  - A. K. H. Kwan
Y1  - 2016/06/30
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18
T2  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
SP  - 185
EP  - 190
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18
AB  - Traditionally, the use of limestone fines (LF) in concrete is to replace either part of the cement or part of the fine aggregate, notwithstanding this, the authors are advocating that the LF should be better used as cement paste replacement, which is expected to improve the durability and sustainability of concrete at the same time. To verify this new strategy of using LF, 9 nos. concrete mixes of the same powder paste volume ratio and variable LF contents and W/C ratios were produced for permeability and strength measurement. The results proved that the strategy of using LF to partially replace cement paste could effectively decrease the permeability and increase the strength at the same W/C ratio. Furthermore, even when the W/C ratio is allowed to slightly increase while keeping the concrete at the same strength, the permeability can also be significantly reduced for better durability by using LF as cement paste replacement.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

J. J. Chen

Department of Civil Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
P. L. Ng

Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
L. G. Li

Department of Civil Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
A. K. H. Kwan

Department of Civil Engineering, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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APA Style

J. J. Chen, P. L. Ng, L. G. Li, A. K. H. Kwan. (2016). Use of Limestone Fines to Reduce Permeability of Concrete for Durability Improvement. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 4(4), 185-190. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18

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ACS Style

J. J. Chen; P. L. Ng; L. G. Li; A. K. H. Kwan. Use of Limestone Fines to Reduce Permeability of Concrete for Durability Improvement. Am. J. Civ. Eng. 2016, 4(4), 185-190. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18

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AMA Style

J. J. Chen, P. L. Ng, L. G. Li, A. K. H. Kwan. Use of Limestone Fines to Reduce Permeability of Concrete for Durability Improvement. Am J Civ Eng. 2016;4(4):185-190. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18,
  author = {J. J. Chen and P. L. Ng and L. G. Li and A. K. H. Kwan},
  title = {Use of Limestone Fines to Reduce Permeability of Concrete for Durability Improvement},
  journal = {American Journal of Civil Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {185-190},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajce.20160404.18},
  abstract = {Traditionally, the use of limestone fines (LF) in concrete is to replace either part of the cement or part of the fine aggregate, notwithstanding this, the authors are advocating that the LF should be better used as cement paste replacement, which is expected to improve the durability and sustainability of concrete at the same time. To verify this new strategy of using LF, 9 nos. concrete mixes of the same powder paste volume ratio and variable LF contents and W/C ratios were produced for permeability and strength measurement. The results proved that the strategy of using LF to partially replace cement paste could effectively decrease the permeability and increase the strength at the same W/C ratio. Furthermore, even when the W/C ratio is allowed to slightly increase while keeping the concrete at the same strength, the permeability can also be significantly reduced for better durability by using LF as cement paste replacement.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Use of Limestone Fines to Reduce Permeability of Concrete for Durability Improvement
AU  - J. J. Chen
AU  - P. L. Ng
AU  - L. G. Li
AU  - A. K. H. Kwan
Y1  - 2016/06/30
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18
T2  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
SP  - 185
EP  - 190
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20160404.18
AB  - Traditionally, the use of limestone fines (LF) in concrete is to replace either part of the cement or part of the fine aggregate, notwithstanding this, the authors are advocating that the LF should be better used as cement paste replacement, which is expected to improve the durability and sustainability of concrete at the same time. To verify this new strategy of using LF, 9 nos. concrete mixes of the same powder paste volume ratio and variable LF contents and W/C ratios were produced for permeability and strength measurement. The results proved that the strategy of using LF to partially replace cement paste could effectively decrease the permeability and increase the strength at the same W/C ratio. Furthermore, even when the W/C ratio is allowed to slightly increase while keeping the concrete at the same strength, the permeability can also be significantly reduced for better durability by using LF as cement paste replacement.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download