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An Unusual Localized Association of Schistosomiasis and Acute Appendicitis: Case Report and Literature Review

Received: 26 August 2022     Accepted: 13 September 2022     Published: 27 September 2022
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Abstract

Bilharzia or schistosomiasis is a tropical disease caused by parasitic worms. Several infectious pathogens (viruses, bacteria or parasites) may be involved in appendicitis. Acute appendicitis can be seen at any age and is one of the most frequent emergencies in digestive surgery. After malaria, schistosomiasis is the second most socio-economically devastating parasitic disease in Africa. When parasites are released by certain types of freshwater snails, they come into direct contact with people and cause infestation either through the skin or through the mouth affecting the digestive tract. Appendicular involvement is very rare in endemic areas, even exceptional in Western countries. Appendicitis is not specific to a parasite, but many parasites can be found during an appendectomy: pinworms, the most common in Europe, but also roundworms, taenia, amoebae, schistosomes. The appendix is inflamed or gangrenous, but is often healthy, the parasites being discovered incidentally. The role of parasites in the genesis of acute appendicitis is not clear. Appendicular schistosomiasis was first described in 1909, but remains a rare condition, although it has been reported from endemic areas. Appendicular schistosomiasis is a rare condition with an exclusively histopathological diagnosis. The urogenital, intestinal and hepatosplenic localizations are the most frequent while the other sites are extremely rare. Appendectomy must be followed by treatment with praziquantel to avoid the occurrence of complications. Herein we report a case of 20-year-old young man with appendicular schistosomiasis from and living in a tropical area. We discuss also, the place of this parasitosis in the genesis of appendicitis with a review of the literature.

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221005.11
Page(s) 131-134
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Appendicitis, Bilharzia, Schistosoma Haematobium, Praziquantel

References
[1] M. Harouna Coulibaly Appendicites Aigues: Aspects Epidémio-cliniques Et Histologiques à l’Hôpital NIANANKORO FOMBA DE SEGOU. Faculté de Médecine et d’Odontostomatologie Bamako. Année Universitaire: 2016-2017 Thèse.
[2] Doudier et al Schistosomiasis as an unusual cause of appendicitis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10; 89–91.
[3] A. Al-Kraida et al Appendicitis and schistosomiasis. Br J Surg 75 (1): 58–9.
[4] A. Berry et al La bilharziose: une parasitose plus uniquement tropicale. Journal des Anti-infectieux volume 19, Issues 3-4, Decembre 2017, Pages 119-124.
[5] Charl Hobson et al Schistosomal appendicitis: myth busted.; Apendicitis y Esquistosomiasis: Desafio de un mito. 9° Congreso Virtual Hispanoamericano de Anatomía Patológica N° 762. Conferencia.
[6] Nicolas Pichon et al À propos d’un cas d’appendicite bilharzienne. Gastroenterol Clin Biol, 2005, 29; 4: 472-474.
[7] Bourée P et al Appendicites parasitaires. Rev Fanç des Laboratoires 399 (38): 79–86.
[8] Callisto Madavo Hisham Hurriez Schistosomiasis of the appendix. Journal of the Royal Society of Medecine 2006; 99: 473–474.
[9] Hodasi WM Schistosoma appendicitis. Trop Doct 1988. 18 (3): 105–6.
[10] Sanusi and Bello Histopathological analysis of schistosomal appendicitis in Kano North-Western Nigeria. Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology 2021; 8 (2): 267–270.
[11] AO Adisa et al Clinicopathological review of schistosomal appendicitis in south western Nigeria. Tropical Gastroenterology 2009; 30 (4): 230–232.
[12] Mateus Zacarias et al Schistosomal appendicitis: Case series and systematic literature review. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases June 24, 2021.
[13] I Thiam et al Appendicite bilharzienne: une lésion rare à propos de deux cas au Sénégal. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. (2015) 108: 161-164.
[14] Mugahid A. Salih A case of acute appendicitis due to intestinal schistosomiasis. Annals of Medicine and Surgery 37 (2019) 1–3.
[15] Meshikhes et al Schistosomal Appendicitis in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: A Clinicopathological Study. Annals of Saudi Medicine, Vol 19, No 1, 1999.
[16] Raminoarimalalaniaina Hasina Un Cas de Bilharziose Epiploïque Découvert Après Anatomopathologie à l’USFR Viscérale C CHUA/HJRA Université d’ANTANANARIVO Faculté de Médecine Thèse Année 2008 N° 7731.
[17] Raymond Ladu Schistosomiasis as a rare cause of recurrent acute appendicitis – A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 5 (2014) 159–160.
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  • APA Style

    Alioune Mohamed Ded, Ahmedou Moulaye Idriss. (2022). An Unusual Localized Association of Schistosomiasis and Acute Appendicitis: Case Report and Literature Review. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 10(5), 131-134. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221005.11

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    ACS Style

    Alioune Mohamed Ded; Ahmedou Moulaye Idriss. An Unusual Localized Association of Schistosomiasis and Acute Appendicitis: Case Report and Literature Review. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2022, 10(5), 131-134. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221005.11

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    AMA Style

    Alioune Mohamed Ded, Ahmedou Moulaye Idriss. An Unusual Localized Association of Schistosomiasis and Acute Appendicitis: Case Report and Literature Review. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2022;10(5):131-134. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221005.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20221005.11,
      author = {Alioune Mohamed Ded and Ahmedou Moulaye Idriss},
      title = {An Unusual Localized Association of Schistosomiasis and Acute Appendicitis: Case Report and Literature Review},
      journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
      volume = {10},
      number = {5},
      pages = {131-134},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20221005.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221005.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20221005.11},
      abstract = {Bilharzia or schistosomiasis is a tropical disease caused by parasitic worms. Several infectious pathogens (viruses, bacteria or parasites) may be involved in appendicitis. Acute appendicitis can be seen at any age and is one of the most frequent emergencies in digestive surgery. After malaria, schistosomiasis is the second most socio-economically devastating parasitic disease in Africa. When parasites are released by certain types of freshwater snails, they come into direct contact with people and cause infestation either through the skin or through the mouth affecting the digestive tract. Appendicular involvement is very rare in endemic areas, even exceptional in Western countries. Appendicitis is not specific to a parasite, but many parasites can be found during an appendectomy: pinworms, the most common in Europe, but also roundworms, taenia, amoebae, schistosomes. The appendix is inflamed or gangrenous, but is often healthy, the parasites being discovered incidentally. The role of parasites in the genesis of acute appendicitis is not clear. Appendicular schistosomiasis was first described in 1909, but remains a rare condition, although it has been reported from endemic areas. Appendicular schistosomiasis is a rare condition with an exclusively histopathological diagnosis. The urogenital, intestinal and hepatosplenic localizations are the most frequent while the other sites are extremely rare. Appendectomy must be followed by treatment with praziquantel to avoid the occurrence of complications. Herein we report a case of 20-year-old young man with appendicular schistosomiasis from and living in a tropical area. We discuss also, the place of this parasitosis in the genesis of appendicitis with a review of the literature.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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    AB  - Bilharzia or schistosomiasis is a tropical disease caused by parasitic worms. Several infectious pathogens (viruses, bacteria or parasites) may be involved in appendicitis. Acute appendicitis can be seen at any age and is one of the most frequent emergencies in digestive surgery. After malaria, schistosomiasis is the second most socio-economically devastating parasitic disease in Africa. When parasites are released by certain types of freshwater snails, they come into direct contact with people and cause infestation either through the skin or through the mouth affecting the digestive tract. Appendicular involvement is very rare in endemic areas, even exceptional in Western countries. Appendicitis is not specific to a parasite, but many parasites can be found during an appendectomy: pinworms, the most common in Europe, but also roundworms, taenia, amoebae, schistosomes. The appendix is inflamed or gangrenous, but is often healthy, the parasites being discovered incidentally. The role of parasites in the genesis of acute appendicitis is not clear. Appendicular schistosomiasis was first described in 1909, but remains a rare condition, although it has been reported from endemic areas. Appendicular schistosomiasis is a rare condition with an exclusively histopathological diagnosis. The urogenital, intestinal and hepatosplenic localizations are the most frequent while the other sites are extremely rare. Appendectomy must be followed by treatment with praziquantel to avoid the occurrence of complications. Herein we report a case of 20-year-old young man with appendicular schistosomiasis from and living in a tropical area. We discuss also, the place of this parasitosis in the genesis of appendicitis with a review of the literature.
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Author Information
  • General Surgery Department, Regional Hospital Center, Kiffa, Mauritania

  • Anatomy Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nouakchott, Nouakchott, Mauritania

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