| Peer-Reviewed

The Insecticidal Activity of Neem (Azadirachataindica) Against Weevils in Stored Bambara Nuts (Vignasubterranea) and Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Received: 23 November 2018     Accepted: 18 March 2019     Published: 6 May 2019
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

This study was undertaken to examine the insecticidal properties of Neem plant. Powder and aqueous extracts of Neem, Azadirachata indica leaves were evaluated as grain protectants against the bambara nut weevil (Callosobruchusmaculatus) and bean seed weevil (Acanthoscelidesobtectus), in the laboratory at 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 (%v/w) concentrations per 20g of bambara nut and bean seeds respectively. Aqueous and powder extracts of Azadirachataindica leaves were applied to the bambara nut and beans seed using the contact method of application in the laboratory. Results revealed that 2.0%v/w (p=0.014) and 2.5% v/w (p=0.008) had significant increase in adult mortality of C. maculatus and A. obtectus in aqueous treatment of A. indica on beans and bambara nut after 72h at p<0.05. Similar results were obtained for beans and bambara nuts using powdered A. indica treatment. Percentage grain weight damage in bambara nut powder treatment of A. indica decreased significantly (p=0.002) at (P<0.05) in a proportionate, dose dependent manner and there was no adult emergence for either of bambara nut weevil or bean weevil. The 1.5 (%v/w) concentration was the least effective when compared with other concentrations. There was significant difference between A. indica treated grains and the control. There was no observed discoloration of the treated seeds. A. indica (aqueous and powder) extracts effectively reduced the weight loss of the treated bambara nut and seeds with 2.5% concentration being the most effective after 168hours. Phytochemical analyses of the extracts revealed presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenols, terpenes, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids while reducing sugars, carbohydrates and anthraquinones were absent. This study shows the insecticidal effects of A. indica against crop pests and at such there is need to further exploit Neem in order to maximize the potential. Farmers in developing countries can use A. indica as an alternative to chemical pesticide in rural grain storage.

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.11
Page(s) 31-35
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Azadirachataindica, Cowpea, Callosobruchusmaculatus, Acanthoscelidesobtectus and Bambara Nuts

References
[1] F. M. Abou-Tarboush, H. M. El-Ashmaoui, H. I. Hussein, D. Al-Rajhy and M. Al-Assiry. Effect of azadirachtin of neem x-4.5m SWR/Juice. Saudi J BiolSci; 16 (2009) 69-76.
[2] R. B. Raizada, M. K. Srivastava, R. A. Kaushal and R. P. Suigh. Azadirachtin , a neembiopesticide: sub chronic toxicity assessment in rats. Food chem. 39 (2001) 477-83.
[3] A. J. Mordue (Luntz), E. D. Morgan and A. J. Nisbet. Azadirachtin, a natural product in insect control In: Gilbert, L. I. Latrou, K. J. Gill, S. S. (Eds), comprehensive molecular science. Elsevier, Oxford; 6 (2005) 117-135.
[4] P. Sinimons and H. D. Nelson. Insects on Dried fruits 1975. Agriculture Handbook. USD. Agricultural Research Service (1975).
[5] J. P. Morrissey and A. E. Osbourn. Fungal Resistance to plant antibiotics as a mechanism of pathogenesis. MicrobiolMolBiol Rev; 63 (1999) 708-24.
[6] S. Gus-Mayer, H. Brynner, H. A. Schneider-poetsh and W. Ruidiger, Avenscosidase from oat: purification, sequence analysis and biochemical characteristization of a new member of the BGA family of beta-glucosides. Plant MolBiol; 26 (1994) 909-21.
[7] T. Hooper. “Push-pull” Using Plants as natural pesticides,” The naked Scientists: Science Interview (2008).
[8] Neem: A tree of solving Global Problems. Board of Science and Technology for International Development at the Natural Research Council. Washington D. C.: Natural Academy of Sciences (1992).
[9] A. A. Bajwa and A. Ahmed. Potential applications of Neem based products as biopesticides. The Health; 3 (4) (2012) 116 – 120.
[10] R. O. Uddin, II. andR. W. Abdulazeez. Comparative efficacy of neem, false sesame, Endl and the physic nut in the protection of stored cowpea. (Vignaunguiculata) L. walp against the seed beetle Callosobruchusmaculatus (F); (6) (2003) 827-834.
[11] S. O. Emosairue and U. B. Ubana. Field Evaluation of Neem for the Control of some Cowpea Insect Pests in Southern Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Science, 4 (1998) 237-241.
[12] G. Ntoukam, L. L. Murdock, R. E. Shade, L. W. Kitch, C. Endondo, B. Ousmane and J. Wolfson. Storageof Bean/Cowpea, Midcourse 2000 Research Meeting, April 9-14, (2000). Senegal. P 3-4.
[13] Addor, R. W. Insecticides In: Agrochemicals from Natural Products. Godfrey, C. R. A (Ed). Marcel Dekker, Inc. (1995) Pp1-62.
[14] Profit, M. Bruchid Research at Royal Holloway, University of London. (1997) Pp 1-3.www.rhul.ac.uk/biosci/credland/bruchid.htm.
[15] Singh, B. Improving the Production and Utilization of Cowpea as Food and Fodder. Field Crops Research., 84 (2003) 149- 150.
[16] Schmutterer, H. The Neem Tree, Azadirachtaindica A. Juss and Other Meliaceous Plants: Sources of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes. VCH, Weinheim, Germany (1995).
[17] A. A Bajwa and A. Ahmad. Potntial applications of Neem based Products as Biopesticides. the Health; 3(4) (2012)116-120.
[18] A. K. Tiwari and J. M. Rao. Diabetic mellitus and multiple therapeutic approaches of phytochemicals. Present status and future prospects. Current Science. 83 (1) (2002) 30-31.
[19] W. C. Evans and G. E. Trease. Pharmacognosy (15th edition) W. B. Saunders company Ltd. London. (2002) 191-393.
[20] G. E. Trease and W. C. Evans. Pharmacognosy. 4th edition, W. B. Saunders company, USA (1996) 243-283.
[21] A. Sofowara. Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa Rep. Spectrum books Ltd. Ibadan. (2006) 150.
[22] F. M. Madaki, A. Y. Kairu, M. T. Bakare-Odunola, S. C. Msailafiya, R. U. Hamzah and Janet Edward. Phytochemical and proximate analysis of methanol leaf extract of neemAzadirachtaindica. European Journal of Medicinal plants 15 (2) (2016) 1-6.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mbah-Omeje Kelechi Nkechinyere. (2019). The Insecticidal Activity of Neem (Azadirachataindica) Against Weevils in Stored Bambara Nuts (Vignasubterranea) and Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 7(2), 31-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Mbah-Omeje Kelechi Nkechinyere. The Insecticidal Activity of Neem (Azadirachataindica) Against Weevils in Stored Bambara Nuts (Vignasubterranea) and Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2019, 7(2), 31-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Mbah-Omeje Kelechi Nkechinyere. The Insecticidal Activity of Neem (Azadirachataindica) Against Weevils in Stored Bambara Nuts (Vignasubterranea) and Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2019;7(2):31-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.11,
      author = {Mbah-Omeje Kelechi Nkechinyere},
      title = {The Insecticidal Activity of Neem (Azadirachataindica) Against Weevils in Stored Bambara Nuts (Vignasubterranea) and Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)},
      journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
      volume = {7},
      number = {2},
      pages = {31-35},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20190702.11},
      abstract = {This study was undertaken to examine the insecticidal properties of Neem plant. Powder and aqueous extracts of Neem, Azadirachata indica leaves were evaluated as grain protectants against the bambara nut weevil (Callosobruchusmaculatus) and bean seed weevil (Acanthoscelidesobtectus), in the laboratory at 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 (%v/w) concentrations per 20g of bambara nut and bean seeds respectively. Aqueous and powder extracts of Azadirachataindica leaves were applied to the bambara nut and beans seed using the contact method of application in the laboratory. Results revealed that 2.0%v/w (p=0.014) and 2.5% v/w (p=0.008) had significant increase in adult mortality of C. maculatus and A. obtectus in aqueous treatment of A. indica on beans and bambara nut after 72h at pA. indica treatment. Percentage grain weight damage in bambara nut powder treatment of A. indica decreased significantly (p=0.002) at (PA. indica treated grains and the control. There was no observed discoloration of the treated seeds. A. indica (aqueous and powder) extracts effectively reduced the weight loss of the treated bambara nut and seeds with 2.5% concentration being the most effective after 168hours. Phytochemical analyses of the extracts revealed presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenols, terpenes, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids while reducing sugars, carbohydrates and anthraquinones were absent. This study shows the insecticidal effects of A. indica against crop pests and at such there is need to further exploit Neem in order to maximize the potential. Farmers in developing countries can use A. indica as an alternative to chemical pesticide in rural grain storage.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Insecticidal Activity of Neem (Azadirachataindica) Against Weevils in Stored Bambara Nuts (Vignasubterranea) and Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)
    AU  - Mbah-Omeje Kelechi Nkechinyere
    Y1  - 2019/05/06
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.11
    T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    SP  - 31
    EP  - 35
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-880X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.11
    AB  - This study was undertaken to examine the insecticidal properties of Neem plant. Powder and aqueous extracts of Neem, Azadirachata indica leaves were evaluated as grain protectants against the bambara nut weevil (Callosobruchusmaculatus) and bean seed weevil (Acanthoscelidesobtectus), in the laboratory at 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 (%v/w) concentrations per 20g of bambara nut and bean seeds respectively. Aqueous and powder extracts of Azadirachataindica leaves were applied to the bambara nut and beans seed using the contact method of application in the laboratory. Results revealed that 2.0%v/w (p=0.014) and 2.5% v/w (p=0.008) had significant increase in adult mortality of C. maculatus and A. obtectus in aqueous treatment of A. indica on beans and bambara nut after 72h at pA. indica treatment. Percentage grain weight damage in bambara nut powder treatment of A. indica decreased significantly (p=0.002) at (PA. indica treated grains and the control. There was no observed discoloration of the treated seeds. A. indica (aqueous and powder) extracts effectively reduced the weight loss of the treated bambara nut and seeds with 2.5% concentration being the most effective after 168hours. Phytochemical analyses of the extracts revealed presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenols, terpenes, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids while reducing sugars, carbohydrates and anthraquinones were absent. This study shows the insecticidal effects of A. indica against crop pests and at such there is need to further exploit Neem in order to maximize the potential. Farmers in developing countries can use A. indica as an alternative to chemical pesticide in rural grain storage.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Nigeria

  • Sections