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Comparison Parasitological Diagnostic Techniques of Gastro-Intestinal Parasitic Infections of Horses in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria

Received: 8 November 2014     Accepted: 19 November 2014     Published: 23 November 2014
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Abstract

This research study was conducted to determine the incidence of Gastrointestinal Parasites Infection of Horses in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Thirty (30) Horses were selected randomly from Shukari - Maidokiri, Maiduguri. Comparative parasitological diagnostic techniques were applied (both macroscopic and microscopic examinations of direct smears and concentration techniques) and the results obtained revealed mean total infectivity of 20%. The macroscopic examination of the faecal samples revealed mean prevalence of 21%, while the microscopic examination of the faecal samples using 0.85% Normal saline solution direct smear wet preparation technique; protozoan cysts and their vegetative form, helminths ovae and larvae form found are 28%, Lugol’s iodine solution direct smear are 34%, concentration technique by floatation using saturated salt solution of sodium chloride are 35% mean of infectivity. From these 3 techniques were applied; the mean total infectivity of protozoan cysts are 36%, vegetative forms 17%, helminths ova 29%, larvae 17% and adult Parasite found 0%. When multiples diagnostic techniques are been applied, the possibility of missing any Parasite will be exceptional, it will reveals a higher results of positivity if infected. Owners of Horses were urged to take their horses to a Veterinary clinic or hospital nearby for an accurate and appropriate diagnosis, for the wellbeing of their animal routinely.

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140206.13
Page(s) 150-155
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Diagnostic Techniques, Examination, Gastrointestinal, Horse, Infectivity, Macroscopic, Microscopic, Parasites

References
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[4] Gwana, A.M; Auwal, M.S; Bagudu, B.Y. & Gazali, Y.A. “Study Area and Location”, In: Comparative of Parasitological Diagnostic Techniques in the Survey of Haemoparasites of Camel Slaughtered in Maiduguri Central Abattoir, North – eastern Nigeria, Journal of Laboratory Science, 2013; 1, (2): 57 – 65.
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[6] Jorgensen, R. “Isolation of Infection. Dictyocaulus larvae from herbage”, Vet. Parasitology. 1975; 16, (18) 16.
[7] Klei, T.R. “Parasites Control Programmes”, In: Current Therapy in Equine Medicine 4, 1st Ed, Robinson, E.N & Saunders, W.B. Company. 1997; Pp. 71 – 74.
[8] Knoss, K. H. “The Parasites of Livestock”, World Animal Review; In: ILCA Monograph Series, 1977; 22: 29 – 35.
[9] Leaf Lang and Ileomobode. “Bovine Trypanosomes in Northern Nigeria., A contribution to the Epidemiology”. Host sensitivity to T. vivax, In: A PhD Thesis. University of Utrecht, 9; 1977: pp. 11 – 19.
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[11] National Population Commission, ”Census De Facto », In: Census Report; Vital statistical Unit, Gidan Madara, Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria. 2006.
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[16] Smyth, G.D. “Introduction to Animal Parasitology”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; 1996: Pp 266 – 268.
[17] Soulsby, E. J. L “Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of domesticated Animals”, 1st Ed; 1982: 34 - 42.
[18] Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.K. “Analyses of Variance”, Principles and Procedures of Statistics, Mc Grow Hill Book Company Inc, U.S.A, 2nd Edition; 1980: 125 - 130.
[19] Stroud, K.A & Booth, D.J. “Statistical Package”, In: Engineering Mathematics.WWW. Palgrave.Com / Stroud, Pal grave, 5th Edition, GB, London; 2001: 1130 – 1139.
[20] Umaru; BW, A.B, Gwana; A.M, Wanas; L.N, Yachilla; BKM, Mohammed; U.K. Examinations of the Stomach Contents of Two Fish Species (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) in Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 2014; 3, (5): pp.405 – 409.doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23.
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    Abdullahi Abubakar Biu, Gwana Adamu Mohaammed, Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla, Bassey Effiong Edet, Uvu Usman Sha’aibu, et al. (2014). Comparison Parasitological Diagnostic Techniques of Gastro-Intestinal Parasitic Infections of Horses in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 2(6), 150-155. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140206.13

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    ACS Style

    Abdullahi Abubakar Biu; Gwana Adamu Mohaammed; Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla; Bassey Effiong Edet; Uvu Usman Sha’aibu, et al. Comparison Parasitological Diagnostic Techniques of Gastro-Intestinal Parasitic Infections of Horses in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2014, 2(6), 150-155. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140206.13

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    AMA Style

    Abdullahi Abubakar Biu, Gwana Adamu Mohaammed, Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla, Bassey Effiong Edet, Uvu Usman Sha’aibu, et al. Comparison Parasitological Diagnostic Techniques of Gastro-Intestinal Parasitic Infections of Horses in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2014;2(6):150-155. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140206.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20140206.13,
      author = {Abdullahi Abubakar Biu and Gwana Adamu Mohaammed and Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla and Bassey Effiong Edet and Uvu Usman Sha’aibu and Aja Makinta and Abdullahi Mumin Mai and Modu Gana Umara},
      title = {Comparison Parasitological Diagnostic Techniques of Gastro-Intestinal Parasitic Infections of Horses in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria},
      journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
      volume = {2},
      number = {6},
      pages = {150-155},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20140206.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140206.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20140206.13},
      abstract = {This research study was conducted to determine the incidence of Gastrointestinal Parasites Infection of Horses in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Thirty (30) Horses were selected randomly from Shukari - Maidokiri, Maiduguri. Comparative parasitological diagnostic techniques were applied (both macroscopic and microscopic examinations of direct smears and concentration techniques) and the results obtained revealed mean total infectivity of 20%. The macroscopic examination of the faecal samples revealed mean prevalence of 21%, while the microscopic examination of the faecal samples using 0.85% Normal saline solution direct smear wet preparation technique; protozoan cysts and their vegetative form, helminths ovae and larvae form found are 28%, Lugol’s iodine solution direct smear are 34%, concentration technique by floatation using saturated salt solution of sodium chloride are 35% mean of infectivity. From these 3 techniques were applied; the mean total infectivity of protozoan cysts are 36%, vegetative forms 17%, helminths ova 29%, larvae 17% and adult Parasite found 0%. When multiples diagnostic techniques are been applied, the possibility of missing any Parasite will be exceptional, it will reveals a higher results of positivity if infected. Owners of Horses were urged to take their horses to a Veterinary clinic or hospital nearby for an accurate and appropriate diagnosis, for the wellbeing of their animal routinely.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Comparison Parasitological Diagnostic Techniques of Gastro-Intestinal Parasitic Infections of Horses in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria
    AU  - Abdullahi Abubakar Biu
    AU  - Gwana Adamu Mohaammed
    AU  - Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla
    AU  - Bassey Effiong Edet
    AU  - Uvu Usman Sha’aibu
    AU  - Aja Makinta
    AU  - Abdullahi Mumin Mai
    AU  - Modu Gana Umara
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140206.13
    T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    SP  - 150
    EP  - 155
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-880X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140206.13
    AB  - This research study was conducted to determine the incidence of Gastrointestinal Parasites Infection of Horses in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Thirty (30) Horses were selected randomly from Shukari - Maidokiri, Maiduguri. Comparative parasitological diagnostic techniques were applied (both macroscopic and microscopic examinations of direct smears and concentration techniques) and the results obtained revealed mean total infectivity of 20%. The macroscopic examination of the faecal samples revealed mean prevalence of 21%, while the microscopic examination of the faecal samples using 0.85% Normal saline solution direct smear wet preparation technique; protozoan cysts and their vegetative form, helminths ovae and larvae form found are 28%, Lugol’s iodine solution direct smear are 34%, concentration technique by floatation using saturated salt solution of sodium chloride are 35% mean of infectivity. From these 3 techniques were applied; the mean total infectivity of protozoan cysts are 36%, vegetative forms 17%, helminths ova 29%, larvae 17% and adult Parasite found 0%. When multiples diagnostic techniques are been applied, the possibility of missing any Parasite will be exceptional, it will reveals a higher results of positivity if infected. Owners of Horses were urged to take their horses to a Veterinary clinic or hospital nearby for an accurate and appropriate diagnosis, for the wellbeing of their animal routinely.
    VL  - 2
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Author Information
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Laboratory Unit, A.H.P Department, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1427, Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Dept.of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Unimaid, Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Department of Microbiology, Nnamdi Azikwe University, Awka, Nigeria

  • Laboratory Unit, A.H.P Department, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1427, Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Laboratory Unit, A.H.P Department, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1427, Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Laboratory Unit, A.H.P Department, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1427, Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria

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