Conventional and Rapid Methods for Identification of Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Specimens

Nneoma Confidence JeanStephanie Anyanwu; Walter Chinaka John

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11

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Conventional and Rapid Methods for Identification of Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Specimens

Nneoma Confidence JeanStephanie Anyanwu, Walter Chinaka John

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 3)

Received: 16 August 2013 Published: 20 September 2013

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Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium whose incidence ranges from skin, soft tissue, respiratory, bone, joint, endovascular to wound infections. The purpose of this study was to identify Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens using routine conventional and rapid tests. Gram staining, catalase test, coagulase test, DNase test, haemolysis on blood agar and Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit tests were carried out. A total of 125 Gram positive cocci were tested. The Gram staining technique yielded 100 (80.00%) Staphylococcus spp (Gram positive cocci in clusters). 89(71.20%) isolates were positive to haemolysis on blood agar. Mannitol Salt Agar, DNase agar and Catalase test correctly identified 69 (55.2%) of the Gram positive cocci to be S. aureus as was confirmed by the Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit test. Coagulase test yielded 66 (52.8%) positive results. The Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit test identified three non-coagulase Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit test was the most reliable of the tests, with accuracy comparable to any other rapid test. However, it is the most expensive of the tests. This study established that conventional tests can be used for direct identification of S. aureus to species level if the battery of tests is increased.

Published in	American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11
Page(s)	41-43
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Staphylococcus aureus, Conventional Tests, Rapid Tests, Coagulase Test, DNase Test, Microgen™ STAPH-ID

References

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[3]	F. Martineau, F. J. Picard, P. H. Roy, M. Ouellette, M. G. Bergeron, Species-specific and ubiquitous-DNA-based assays for rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus, J Clin Microbiol, vol. 36(3), pp. 618-623, 1998.
[4]	C. S. S Bello, A. Qahtani, Pitfalls in the routine diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus, Afr J Biotech, vol. 4(1), pp. 83-86, 2006.
[5]	J.N.M. Mugalu, S. Kiguli, D. H Kaddu-Mulindwa, Aetiology, risk factors and immediate outcome of bacteriologically confirmed neonatal septicaemia in Mulago hospital, Uganda, Afr Health Sc, vol. 6(2), pp. 120-126, 2006.
[6]	W. E. Kloos, T. L. Bannerman, Staphylococcus and Micrococcus, In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 6th edn,. Edited by P. R. Murr, pp. 282–298, 1995.
[7]	G. H. Chapman, The significance of sodium chloride in studies of staphylococci, J Bacteriol, vol. 50, pp. 201–203, 1945.
[8]	J. P. Duguid, Staphylococcus: cluster-forming Gram-positive cocci. In: Mackie and McCartney Practical Medical Microbiology, 13th edn, Edited by J. G. Colle, J. P. Duguid, A. G. Fraser & B. P. Marmion. New York: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 303–316, 1989.
[9]	P. Jayaratne, C. Rutherford, Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from growth on mannitol salt oxacillin agar using PCR for nosocomial surveillance, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, vol. 35, pp. 13–18, 1999.
[10]	A. Simor, J. Goodfellow, L. Loiue, M. Loiue, Evaluation of a new medium, oxacillin resistance screening agar base, for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol, vol. 33, pp. 3422, 2001.
[11]	P. M. Zadik, S. Davies, S. Whittaker, C. Mason, Evaluation of a new selective medium for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, J Med Microbiol, vol. 50, pp. 476–479, 2001.
[12]	F. C. Najjuka, D. P. Kateete, C. N Kimani, F. A. Katabazi, A. Okeng, M. S Okee, A. Nanteza, M. L Joloba, Identification of Staphylococcus aureus: DNase and Mannitol salt agar improve the efficiency of the tube coagulase test, Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, vol. 9, pp. 23, 2010, doi:10.1186/1476-0711-9-23
[13]	G. W. Procop, N. K. Shrestha, M. J. Tuohy, G. S. Hall, C. M. Isada, Rapid Identification of Staphylococcus aureus and the mecA Gene from BacT/ALERT Blood Culture Bottles by Using the LightCycler System, J Clin Microbiol, vol. 40(7), pp. 2659–2661, 2002, doi: 10.1128/JCM.40.7.2659-2661.2002 PMCID: PMC120611

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Nneoma Confidence JeanStephanie Anyanwu, Walter Chinaka John. (2013). Conventional and Rapid Methods for Identification of Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Specimens. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 1(3), 41-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11

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Nneoma Confidence JeanStephanie Anyanwu; Walter Chinaka John. Conventional and Rapid Methods for Identification of Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Specimens. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2013, 1(3), 41-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11

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AMA Style

Nneoma Confidence JeanStephanie Anyanwu, Walter Chinaka John. Conventional and Rapid Methods for Identification of Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Specimens. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2013;1(3):41-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11,
  author = {Nneoma Confidence JeanStephanie Anyanwu and Walter Chinaka John},
  title = {Conventional and Rapid Methods for Identification of Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Specimens},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {41-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20130103.11},
  abstract = {Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium whose incidence ranges from skin, soft tissue, respiratory, bone, joint, endovascular to wound infections. The purpose of this study was to identify Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens using routine conventional and rapid tests. Gram staining, catalase test, coagulase test, DNase test, haemolysis on blood agar and Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit tests were carried out. A total of 125 Gram positive cocci were tested. The Gram staining technique yielded 100 (80.00%) Staphylococcus spp (Gram positive cocci in clusters). 89(71.20%) isolates were positive to haemolysis on blood agar. Mannitol Salt Agar, DNase agar and Catalase test correctly identified 69 (55.2%) of the Gram positive cocci to be S. aureus as was confirmed by the Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit test. Coagulase test yielded 66 (52.8%) positive results. The Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit test identified three non-coagulase Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit test was the most reliable of the tests, with accuracy comparable to any other rapid test. However, it is the most expensive of the tests. This study established that conventional tests can be used for direct identification of S. aureus to species level if the battery of tests is increased.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Conventional and Rapid Methods for Identification of Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Specimens
AU - Nneoma Confidence JeanStephanie Anyanwu
AU - Walter Chinaka John
Y1 - 2013/09/20
PY - 2013
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11
T2 - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP - 41
EP - 43
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-880X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11
AB - Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium whose incidence ranges from skin, soft tissue, respiratory, bone, joint, endovascular to wound infections. The purpose of this study was to identify Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens using routine conventional and rapid tests. Gram staining, catalase test, coagulase test, DNase test, haemolysis on blood agar and Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit tests were carried out. A total of 125 Gram positive cocci were tested. The Gram staining technique yielded 100 (80.00%) Staphylococcus spp (Gram positive cocci in clusters). 89(71.20%) isolates were positive to haemolysis on blood agar. Mannitol Salt Agar, DNase agar and Catalase test correctly identified 69 (55.2%) of the Gram positive cocci to be S. aureus as was confirmed by the Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit test. Coagulase test yielded 66 (52.8%) positive results. The Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit test identified three non-coagulase Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit test was the most reliable of the tests, with accuracy comparable to any other rapid test. However, it is the most expensive of the tests. This study established that conventional tests can be used for direct identification of S. aureus to species level if the battery of tests is increased.
VL - 1
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Nneoma Confidence JeanStephanie Anyanwu

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Walter Chinaka John

Federal College of Forestry, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

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APA Style

Nneoma Confidence JeanStephanie Anyanwu, Walter Chinaka John. (2013). Conventional and Rapid Methods for Identification of Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Specimens. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 1(3), 41-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11

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ACS Style

Nneoma Confidence JeanStephanie Anyanwu; Walter Chinaka John. Conventional and Rapid Methods for Identification of Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Specimens. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2013, 1(3), 41-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11

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AMA Style

Nneoma Confidence JeanStephanie Anyanwu, Walter Chinaka John. Conventional and Rapid Methods for Identification of Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Specimens. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2013;1(3):41-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11,
  author = {Nneoma Confidence JeanStephanie Anyanwu and Walter Chinaka John},
  title = {Conventional and Rapid Methods for Identification of Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Specimens},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {41-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130103.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20130103.11},
  abstract = {Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium whose incidence ranges from skin, soft tissue, respiratory, bone, joint, endovascular to wound infections. The purpose of this study was to identify Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens using routine conventional and rapid tests. Gram staining, catalase test, coagulase test, DNase test, haemolysis on blood agar and Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit tests were carried out. A total of 125 Gram positive cocci were tested. The Gram staining technique yielded 100 (80.00%) Staphylococcus spp (Gram positive cocci in clusters). 89(71.20%) isolates were positive to haemolysis on blood agar. Mannitol Salt Agar, DNase agar and Catalase test correctly identified 69 (55.2%) of the Gram positive cocci to be S. aureus as was confirmed by the Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit test. Coagulase test yielded 66 (52.8%) positive results. The Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit test identified three non-coagulase Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The Microgen™ STAPH-ID kit test was the most reliable of the tests, with accuracy comparable to any other rapid test. However, it is the most expensive of the tests. This study established that conventional tests can be used for direct identification of S. aureus to species level if the battery of tests is increased.},
 year = {2013}
}

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