An Intelligent System for Traffic Control in Smart Cities: A Case Study

Okene David Ese; Okhueleigbe Emmanuel Ighodalo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15

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An Intelligent System for Traffic Control in Smart Cities: A Case Study

Okene David Ese, Okhueleigbe Emmanuel Ighodalo

Published in American Journal of Artificial Intelligence (Volume 1, Issue 1)

Received: 1 May 2017 Accepted: 26 May 2017 Published: 3 August 2017

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Abstract

Current traffic light systems use a fixed time delay for different traffic directions and do follow a particular cycle while switching from one signal to another. This creates unwanted congestion during peak hours, loss of man-hours and eventually decline in productivity. In addition to this, the current traffic light systems encourage extortion by corrupt traffic officials as commuters often violate traffic rules because of the insufficient time allocated to their lanes or may want to avoid a long waiting period for their lanes to come up. This research is aimed at tackling the afore-mentioned problems by adopting a density based traffic control approach using Jakpa Junction, one of the busiest junctions in Delta State, Nigeria as a case study. The developed system uses a microcontroller of PIC89C51 microcontroller duly interfaced with sensors. The signal timing changes automatically based on the traffic density at the junction, thereby, avoiding unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The sensors used in this project were infra-red (IR) sensors and photodiodes which were placed in a Line of Sight configuration across the loads to detect the density of the traffic signal. The density of the vehicles is measured in three zones i.e., low, medium and high based on which timings were allotted accordingly. The developed system has proven to be smart and intelligent and capable of curbing incidences of traffic malpractices and inefficiencies that have been the bane of current traffic congestion control systems in emerging cities of the third world.

Published in	American Journal of Artificial Intelligence (Volume 1, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15
Page(s)	36-43
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Smart Cities, Traffic Congestion, Intelligent Control, PIC Microcontroller

References

[1]	R. Linganagouda, R. Pyinti and P. Anusuya, "Automatic Intelligent Traffic Control System," International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. V, no. 7, pp. 5902-5906, 2016.
[2]	A. Chattaraj, S. Bansal and A. Chandra, "An intelligent traffic control system using RFID," IEEE Potentials, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 40-43, May.
[3]	S. Misra, "Design of Traffic Light Controller Using Timer Circuit," in Proceedings of IEEE National Student Paper and Circuit Design Contest, Kolkotta, 2012.
[4]	K. Vidhya and B. Bazila, "Density Based Traffic Signal System," International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 2218-2222, 2014.
[5]	A. Pinto and G. Mattioli, "Intelligent Traffic Lights Control System using Fuzzy Logic," in SAE Brasil International Congress and Display, Sao Paulo, 2014.
[6]	T. Vishakha, J. Snehal, S. Sananaj and P. Poonam, "Design of Smart Traffic Light Controller Using Embedded System," IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), vol. X, no. 1, pp. 30-33, 2013.
[7]	A. O. James, "An Intelligent Traffic Light Control System," International Academic Journal of Information Systems and Technology, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 1-17, 2015.
[8]	Physics, Radio and Electronics, "Electronic Devices and Circuits," 20 May 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.physics-and-radio-electronics.com/electronic-devices-and-circuits/rectifier/bridgerectifier.html.
[9]	B. Theraja and A. Theraja, A texbook of Electrical Technology, India: Chand, 2005.
[10]	Microchip, "Products," 20 May 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/PIC16F876A.
[11]	H. Edward, J. Hiley, I. Smith and K. Brown, Hughes Electrical/Electronic Technology, Harlow: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008.
[12]	A. Godse and U. Bakshi, Electronic Devices and Circuits, Pune: Technical Publications, 2009.

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Okene David Ese, Okhueleigbe Emmanuel Ighodalo. (2017). An Intelligent System for Traffic Control in Smart Cities: A Case Study. American Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 1(1), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15

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ACS Style

Okene David Ese; Okhueleigbe Emmanuel Ighodalo. An Intelligent System for Traffic Control in Smart Cities: A Case Study. Am. J. Artif. Intell. 2017, 1(1), 36-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15

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AMA Style

Okene David Ese, Okhueleigbe Emmanuel Ighodalo. An Intelligent System for Traffic Control in Smart Cities: A Case Study. Am J Artif Intell. 2017;1(1):36-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15,
  author = {Okene David Ese and Okhueleigbe Emmanuel Ighodalo},
  title = {An Intelligent System for Traffic Control in Smart Cities: A Case Study},
  journal = {American Journal of Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {36-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajai.20170101.15},
  abstract = {Current traffic light systems use a fixed time delay for different traffic directions and do follow a particular cycle while switching from one signal to another. This creates unwanted congestion during peak hours, loss of man-hours and eventually decline in productivity. In addition to this, the current traffic light systems encourage extortion by corrupt traffic officials as commuters often violate traffic rules because of the insufficient time allocated to their lanes or may want to avoid a long waiting period for their lanes to come up. This research is aimed at tackling the afore-mentioned problems by adopting a density based traffic control approach using Jakpa Junction, one of the busiest junctions in Delta State, Nigeria as a case study. The developed system uses a microcontroller of PIC89C51 microcontroller duly interfaced with sensors. The signal timing changes automatically based on the traffic density at the junction, thereby, avoiding unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The sensors used in this project were infra-red (IR) sensors and photodiodes which were placed in a Line of Sight configuration across the loads to detect the density of the traffic signal. The density of the vehicles is measured in three zones i.e., low, medium and high based on which timings were allotted accordingly. The developed system has proven to be smart and intelligent and capable of curbing incidences of traffic malpractices and inefficiencies that have been the bane of current traffic congestion control systems in emerging cities of the third world.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Intelligent System for Traffic Control in Smart Cities: A Case Study
AU  - Okene David Ese
AU  - Okhueleigbe Emmanuel Ighodalo
Y1  - 2017/08/03
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15
T2  - American Journal of Artificial Intelligence
JF  - American Journal of Artificial Intelligence
JO  - American Journal of Artificial Intelligence
SP  - 36
EP  - 43
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9733
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15
AB  - Current traffic light systems use a fixed time delay for different traffic directions and do follow a particular cycle while switching from one signal to another. This creates unwanted congestion during peak hours, loss of man-hours and eventually decline in productivity. In addition to this, the current traffic light systems encourage extortion by corrupt traffic officials as commuters often violate traffic rules because of the insufficient time allocated to their lanes or may want to avoid a long waiting period for their lanes to come up. This research is aimed at tackling the afore-mentioned problems by adopting a density based traffic control approach using Jakpa Junction, one of the busiest junctions in Delta State, Nigeria as a case study. The developed system uses a microcontroller of PIC89C51 microcontroller duly interfaced with sensors. The signal timing changes automatically based on the traffic density at the junction, thereby, avoiding unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The sensors used in this project were infra-red (IR) sensors and photodiodes which were placed in a Line of Sight configuration across the loads to detect the density of the traffic signal. The density of the vehicles is measured in three zones i.e., low, medium and high based on which timings were allotted accordingly. The developed system has proven to be smart and intelligent and capable of curbing incidences of traffic malpractices and inefficiencies that have been the bane of current traffic congestion control systems in emerging cities of the third world.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Okene David Ese

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria
Okhueleigbe Emmanuel Ighodalo

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria

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APA Style

Okene David Ese, Okhueleigbe Emmanuel Ighodalo. (2017). An Intelligent System for Traffic Control in Smart Cities: A Case Study. American Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 1(1), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15

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ACS Style

Okene David Ese; Okhueleigbe Emmanuel Ighodalo. An Intelligent System for Traffic Control in Smart Cities: A Case Study. Am. J. Artif. Intell. 2017, 1(1), 36-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15

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AMA Style

Okene David Ese, Okhueleigbe Emmanuel Ighodalo. An Intelligent System for Traffic Control in Smart Cities: A Case Study. Am J Artif Intell. 2017;1(1):36-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15,
  author = {Okene David Ese and Okhueleigbe Emmanuel Ighodalo},
  title = {An Intelligent System for Traffic Control in Smart Cities: A Case Study},
  journal = {American Journal of Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {36-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajai.20170101.15},
  abstract = {Current traffic light systems use a fixed time delay for different traffic directions and do follow a particular cycle while switching from one signal to another. This creates unwanted congestion during peak hours, loss of man-hours and eventually decline in productivity. In addition to this, the current traffic light systems encourage extortion by corrupt traffic officials as commuters often violate traffic rules because of the insufficient time allocated to their lanes or may want to avoid a long waiting period for their lanes to come up. This research is aimed at tackling the afore-mentioned problems by adopting a density based traffic control approach using Jakpa Junction, one of the busiest junctions in Delta State, Nigeria as a case study. The developed system uses a microcontroller of PIC89C51 microcontroller duly interfaced with sensors. The signal timing changes automatically based on the traffic density at the junction, thereby, avoiding unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The sensors used in this project were infra-red (IR) sensors and photodiodes which were placed in a Line of Sight configuration across the loads to detect the density of the traffic signal. The density of the vehicles is measured in three zones i.e., low, medium and high based on which timings were allotted accordingly. The developed system has proven to be smart and intelligent and capable of curbing incidences of traffic malpractices and inefficiencies that have been the bane of current traffic congestion control systems in emerging cities of the third world.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Intelligent System for Traffic Control in Smart Cities: A Case Study
AU  - Okene David Ese
AU  - Okhueleigbe Emmanuel Ighodalo
Y1  - 2017/08/03
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15
T2  - American Journal of Artificial Intelligence
JF  - American Journal of Artificial Intelligence
JO  - American Journal of Artificial Intelligence
SP  - 36
EP  - 43
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9733
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20170101.15
AB  - Current traffic light systems use a fixed time delay for different traffic directions and do follow a particular cycle while switching from one signal to another. This creates unwanted congestion during peak hours, loss of man-hours and eventually decline in productivity. In addition to this, the current traffic light systems encourage extortion by corrupt traffic officials as commuters often violate traffic rules because of the insufficient time allocated to their lanes or may want to avoid a long waiting period for their lanes to come up. This research is aimed at tackling the afore-mentioned problems by adopting a density based traffic control approach using Jakpa Junction, one of the busiest junctions in Delta State, Nigeria as a case study. The developed system uses a microcontroller of PIC89C51 microcontroller duly interfaced with sensors. The signal timing changes automatically based on the traffic density at the junction, thereby, avoiding unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The sensors used in this project were infra-red (IR) sensors and photodiodes which were placed in a Line of Sight configuration across the loads to detect the density of the traffic signal. The density of the vehicles is measured in three zones i.e., low, medium and high based on which timings were allotted accordingly. The developed system has proven to be smart and intelligent and capable of curbing incidences of traffic malpractices and inefficiencies that have been the bane of current traffic congestion control systems in emerging cities of the third world.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download