Effects of Farm Yard Manure and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Garlic (<i>Allium sativum </i>L.) at Bale Highlands and Mid-Altitude

Chala Gutema; Gemechu Ijigu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12

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Effects of Farm Yard Manure and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Bale Highlands and Mid-Altitude

Chala Gutema^*, Gemechu Ijigu

Published in Advances (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 27 December 2024 Accepted: 26 May 2025 Published: 29 May 2025

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Abstract

Garlic is one of the most vital plant in the world, coming in second after onions in terms of significance and production. However, due to inadequate agronomic methods, a lack of enhanced varieties, diseases, and insect pests, productivity per hectare is low. Hence, an on-farm experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of various NPS fertilizer and FYM rates on the growth and yield of garlic, as well as to determine the most cost-effective amounts of farm yard manure and NPS fertilizer for garlic cultivation. Four levels of factorial combinations were used in the treatments of FYM (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5tons ha^-1) and five rates of NPS (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200kg ha^-1), and were set up using three replications by randomized complete block design (RCBD). The greatest plant height (70.50cm) was noted at 150kg NPS ha^-1, which was statistically comparable with 200 and 100kg NPS ha^-1. The maximum bulb weight (30.77g) was achieved from 0.5 tone FYM ha^-1 and 150kg NPS ha^-1. The highest yield (12.91 tone ha^-1) was obtained from 0.5 tone FYM ha^-1 and 150kg NPS ha^-1, while the lowest yield (9.76tone ha^-1) was obtained from garlic that did not receive any FYM or NPS. The economic evaluation also indicated that the maximum net return of 2,316,300 ETB ha^-1, with a marginal rate of return of 308.84%, was achieved using 0.5 ton FYM ha^-1 and 150kg NPS ha^-1. Consequently, depending on the findings of the yield, growth and economic evaluation, the use of 0.5 ton FYM ha^-1 and 150kg NPS ha^-1 can be provisionally suggested to farmers cultivating in the research region.

Published in	Advances (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12
Page(s)	9-17
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Garlic, Rates, Growth, FYM, Bulb Yield

References

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[3]	Agarwal, K. C., 1996. Therapeutic actions of garlic constituents. Med. Res. Rev. 16: 114-124.
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[5]	Adekpe, D. I., Shebayan, J. A. Y., Chiezey, U. F. and Miko, S. 2007. Yield responses of garlic (Allium sativum L.) to oxidation, date of planting and intra-row spacing under irrigation at Kadawa, Nigeria. Crop Protection, 26 (12): 1785-1789.
[6]	Bhandari SA, Patel KS, Nehete DS 2012. Effect of integratednutrient management on growth, yield and quality ofgarlic (Allium sativum L.) cv Gujrat Garlic-3. AsianJournal of Horticulture. 2012; 7: 48-51.
[7]	Zakari, S. M., Miko, S. and Aliyu, B. S. 2014 different types and levels of organic manures on yield andyield components of garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Kadawa, Kano, Nigeria. Bayero J. Pure and App. Sci. 7: 121-126.
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[15]	Alemu D, Nigussie D, Fikreyohannes G (2016). Effects of vermicompost and inorganic NP fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Enebse Sar Midir District, NorthwesternEthiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare 6(3): 2224- 3208.
[16]	Waghachavare, D. D. (2004). Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of onion cv. PHULE SUVARNA. Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, M. S. (India).
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Gutema, C., Ijigu, G. (2025). Effects of Farm Yard Manure and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Bale Highlands and Mid-Altitude. Advances, 6(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12

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ACS Style

Gutema, C.; Ijigu, G. Effects of Farm Yard Manure and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Bale Highlands and Mid-Altitude. Advances. 2025, 6(1), 9-17. doi: 10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12

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AMA Style

Gutema C, Ijigu G. Effects of Farm Yard Manure and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Bale Highlands and Mid-Altitude. Advances. 2025;6(1):9-17. doi: 10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12

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@article{10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12,
  author = {Chala Gutema and Gemechu Ijigu},
  title = {Effects of Farm Yard Manure and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Bale Highlands and Mid-Altitude
},
  journal = {Advances},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.advances.20250601.12},
  abstract = {Garlic is one of the most vital plant in the world, coming in second after onions in terms of significance and production. However, due to inadequate agronomic methods, a lack of enhanced varieties, diseases, and insect pests, productivity per hectare is low. Hence, an on-farm experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of various NPS fertilizer and FYM rates on the growth and yield of garlic, as well as to determine the most cost-effective amounts of farm yard manure and NPS fertilizer for garlic cultivation. Four levels of factorial combinations were used in the treatments of FYM (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5tons ha-1) and five rates of NPS (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200kg ha-1), and were set up using three replications by randomized complete block design (RCBD). The greatest plant height (70.50cm) was noted at 150kg NPS ha-1, which was statistically comparable with 200 and 100kg NPS ha-1. The maximum bulb weight (30.77g) was achieved from 0.5 tone FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1. The highest yield (12.91 tone ha-1) was obtained from 0.5 tone FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1, while the lowest yield (9.76tone ha-1) was obtained from garlic that did not receive any FYM or NPS. The economic evaluation also indicated that the maximum net return of 2,316,300 ETB ha-1, with a marginal rate of return of 308.84%, was achieved using 0.5 ton FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1. Consequently, depending on the findings of the yield, growth and economic evaluation, the use of 0.5 ton FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1 can be provisionally suggested to farmers cultivating in the research region.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Farm Yard Manure and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Bale Highlands and Mid-Altitude

AU  - Chala Gutema
AU  - Gemechu Ijigu
Y1  - 2025/05/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12
T2  - Advances
JF  - Advances
JO  - Advances
SP  - 9
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7200
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12
AB  - Garlic is one of the most vital plant in the world, coming in second after onions in terms of significance and production. However, due to inadequate agronomic methods, a lack of enhanced varieties, diseases, and insect pests, productivity per hectare is low. Hence, an on-farm experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of various NPS fertilizer and FYM rates on the growth and yield of garlic, as well as to determine the most cost-effective amounts of farm yard manure and NPS fertilizer for garlic cultivation. Four levels of factorial combinations were used in the treatments of FYM (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5tons ha-1) and five rates of NPS (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200kg ha-1), and were set up using three replications by randomized complete block design (RCBD). The greatest plant height (70.50cm) was noted at 150kg NPS ha-1, which was statistically comparable with 200 and 100kg NPS ha-1. The maximum bulb weight (30.77g) was achieved from 0.5 tone FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1. The highest yield (12.91 tone ha-1) was obtained from 0.5 tone FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1, while the lowest yield (9.76tone ha-1) was obtained from garlic that did not receive any FYM or NPS. The economic evaluation also indicated that the maximum net return of 2,316,300 ETB ha-1, with a marginal rate of return of 308.84%, was achieved using 0.5 ton FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1. Consequently, depending on the findings of the yield, growth and economic evaluation, the use of 0.5 ton FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1 can be provisionally suggested to farmers cultivating in the research region.

VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Chala Gutema

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Sinana Agricultural Research Centre, Bale Robe, Ethiopia

Contact Email
Gemechu Ijigu

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Sinana Agricultural Research Centre, Bale Robe, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Gutema, C., Ijigu, G. (2025). Effects of Farm Yard Manure and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Bale Highlands and Mid-Altitude. Advances, 6(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12

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ACS Style

Gutema, C.; Ijigu, G. Effects of Farm Yard Manure and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Bale Highlands and Mid-Altitude. Advances. 2025, 6(1), 9-17. doi: 10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12

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AMA Style

Gutema C, Ijigu G. Effects of Farm Yard Manure and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Bale Highlands and Mid-Altitude. Advances. 2025;6(1):9-17. doi: 10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12

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@article{10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12,
  author = {Chala Gutema and Gemechu Ijigu},
  title = {Effects of Farm Yard Manure and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Bale Highlands and Mid-Altitude
},
  journal = {Advances},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.advances.20250601.12},
  abstract = {Garlic is one of the most vital plant in the world, coming in second after onions in terms of significance and production. However, due to inadequate agronomic methods, a lack of enhanced varieties, diseases, and insect pests, productivity per hectare is low. Hence, an on-farm experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of various NPS fertilizer and FYM rates on the growth and yield of garlic, as well as to determine the most cost-effective amounts of farm yard manure and NPS fertilizer for garlic cultivation. Four levels of factorial combinations were used in the treatments of FYM (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5tons ha-1) and five rates of NPS (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200kg ha-1), and were set up using three replications by randomized complete block design (RCBD). The greatest plant height (70.50cm) was noted at 150kg NPS ha-1, which was statistically comparable with 200 and 100kg NPS ha-1. The maximum bulb weight (30.77g) was achieved from 0.5 tone FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1. The highest yield (12.91 tone ha-1) was obtained from 0.5 tone FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1, while the lowest yield (9.76tone ha-1) was obtained from garlic that did not receive any FYM or NPS. The economic evaluation also indicated that the maximum net return of 2,316,300 ETB ha-1, with a marginal rate of return of 308.84%, was achieved using 0.5 ton FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1. Consequently, depending on the findings of the yield, growth and economic evaluation, the use of 0.5 ton FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1 can be provisionally suggested to farmers cultivating in the research region.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Farm Yard Manure and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Bale Highlands and Mid-Altitude

AU  - Chala Gutema
AU  - Gemechu Ijigu
Y1  - 2025/05/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12
T2  - Advances
JF  - Advances
JO  - Advances
SP  - 9
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7200
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20250601.12
AB  - Garlic is one of the most vital plant in the world, coming in second after onions in terms of significance and production. However, due to inadequate agronomic methods, a lack of enhanced varieties, diseases, and insect pests, productivity per hectare is low. Hence, an on-farm experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of various NPS fertilizer and FYM rates on the growth and yield of garlic, as well as to determine the most cost-effective amounts of farm yard manure and NPS fertilizer for garlic cultivation. Four levels of factorial combinations were used in the treatments of FYM (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5tons ha-1) and five rates of NPS (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200kg ha-1), and were set up using three replications by randomized complete block design (RCBD). The greatest plant height (70.50cm) was noted at 150kg NPS ha-1, which was statistically comparable with 200 and 100kg NPS ha-1. The maximum bulb weight (30.77g) was achieved from 0.5 tone FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1. The highest yield (12.91 tone ha-1) was obtained from 0.5 tone FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1, while the lowest yield (9.76tone ha-1) was obtained from garlic that did not receive any FYM or NPS. The economic evaluation also indicated that the maximum net return of 2,316,300 ETB ha-1, with a marginal rate of return of 308.84%, was achieved using 0.5 ton FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1. Consequently, depending on the findings of the yield, growth and economic evaluation, the use of 0.5 ton FYM ha-1 and 150kg NPS ha-1 can be provisionally suggested to farmers cultivating in the research region.

VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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