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Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic and Anti-lipidemic Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Millettia aboensis and Its Effect on Pancreatic Histology of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Received: 8 July 2015     Accepted: 13 July 2015     Published: 25 July 2015
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Abstract

Plants provide a potential source of anti-diabetic drugs and are widely used in several traditional systems of medicine to prevent diabetes. This study evaluated the anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic activities of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Milletia aboensis in, and its effect on pancreatic histology of, alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Eighty rats were grouped into eight based on average body weights. Diabetes similar to that of type 1 in human was induced by a single intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate a -diabetogenic agent (160 mg kg-1). After 120 hours of alloxan injection, the rats from Groups 2 – 8 were confirmed diabetic having baseline fasting blood sugar levels >8.5mmol/L. Group 1 served as normal control. The extract was administered twice daily for 21 days at doses of 500 mg kg-1 – 2500 mg kg-1 in Groups 4 – 8. Group 2 was treated with a standard diabetic drug, ‘Metformin’, while Group 3 (untreated and negative control) was diabetic with increased Total cholesterol (CHOL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), triacylglycerol (TAG) levels and reduced high density lipoproteins (HDL) level throughout the experiment. Glucose was assayed for on the 7th, 14th and 21st day while CHOL, HDL, LDL, and triglyceride were assayed on the 21st day. A significant reduction (p<0.05) in the fasting blood glucose levels of rats in Groups 4-8 was observed when compared to the normal control. Similarly, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in TAG and LDL and a significant increase (p<0.05) in HDL levels in groups treated with the extract when compared to Group 1 (normal control). A photomicrograph of the pancreatic cells was taken before and after treatment with aqueous leaf extract. The photomicrograph before treatment showed atrophic pancreatic islet with vacuolations which indicates significant damaged Islets of langerhans in the beta cells. After treatment the photomicrograph indicates significant cell regeneration and repair. The present investigation suggests that leaf extract of M. aboensis exhibits anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic activities and positively affected pancreatic functions in alloxan-induced diabetes rats.

Published in Advances in Biochemistry (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ab.20150302.11
Page(s) 24-29
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anti-Diabetic, Anti-lipidemic, Milletia aboensis, Alloxan, Pancreas, Photomicrographs

References
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[2] Kumanyika, S.K., Obarzanek, E., Stettler, N., Bell, R., Field, A.E., Fortmann, S.P., Franklin, B.A., Gillman, M.W., Lewis, C.E., Poston, W.C., Stevens, J. and Hong, Y. (2008). Population-based prevention of obesity: the need for comprehensive promotion of healthful eating, physical activity, and energy balance: a scientific statement from American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Interdisciplinary Committee for Prevention (formerly the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science). Circulation, 118(4): pp 428– 464.
[3] World Health Organization. (1999). Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: Report of a WHO Consultation. Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Geneva, World Health Org.
[4] Petal, M. and Rybczynski, P. (2003). Treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 12(4): pp 623-633.
[5] Winifred, O. (2008). Leadership of all Rights. Distributed by all Africa Global Media Retrieved from: http://www.allafrica.com.
[6] Agabegi, S. and Agabegi, E. (2008). Step-up to Medicine (Step-Up series). Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
[7] Bennett, K., James, C., Mutair, A., Al-Shaikh, H., Sinani, A. and Hussain, K. (2011) Four novel cases of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus caused by homozygous mutations in the glucokinase gene. Pediatric Diabetes 12 (3 Pt 1): pp 192-196.
[8] Gyang, S. S., Nyam, D. D. and Sokomba, E. N. (2004). Hypoglycemic activity of Vernonia amygdalina (chloroform extract) in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioresources, 1(1): pp 61-66.
[9] Haffner, S. M., Mykkanen, L., Festa, A., Burke, J. P. and Stern, M. P. (2000). Insulin-resistant prediabetic subjects have more atherogenic risk factors than insulin-sensitive prediabetic subjects: implications for preventing coronary heart disease during the prediabetic state. Circulation, 101(9): pp 975–980.
[10] Coresh, J., Kwiterovich, P. O. Jr., Smith, H. H. and Bachorik, P. S. (2006). Association of plasma triglyceride concentration and LDL particle diameter, density, and chemical composition with premature coronary artery disease in men and women. Journal of Lipid Research, 34(5): pp 1687–1697.
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[12] Aguwa, C. N., Ukwe, C. V., Inya-Agha, S. I. and Okonta, J. M. (2001). Anti-diabetic effect of Picralimanitida aqueous seed extract in experimental rabbit model. Journal of Natural Remedies, 1(2): pp 135-139.
[13] Szkudelski, T. (2001). The mechanism of alloxan and streptozocin action in β-cells of the rat pancreas. Physiological Research, 50(6): pp 537-546.
[14] Lenzen, S. (2008). The mechanisms of alloxan- and streptozotocin - induced diabetes. Diabetologia; 51(2): pp 216-26.
[15] Lachin, T. and Reza, H. (2012). Anti diabetic effect of cherries in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Recent patents on endocrine, metabolic and immune drug discovery, 6(1): pp 67-72.
[16] Onyegeme-Okerenta, B. M. Onyeike, E. N. and Esialekpe, F. O. (2013) Effect of ethanol leave extract of millettia aboensis on selected haematological indices of Wistar albino rats. Global Advanced Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2(1): pp 004-011.
[17] Onyegeme-Okerenta, B. M. and Okafor, U. A. (2014). Antimicrobial properties of ethanol leaf extract of Millettia aboensis on some selected clinical Isolates. Universal Journal of Plant Science; Vol. 2 (5): pp. 97-101.
[18] Burkill, H. M. (2005). The useful plants of West Tropical Africa. Vol. 3, 1st Edition, Royal Botanical Garden, Kew, ISBN:10-0947643648.
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[22] Zulfiker, A. H., Ripa, F. A., Rahman, M., Ullah, M. O., Hamid, K., Khan, M.R. and Rana, S. (2010). Anti-diabetic and Antioxidant Effect of Scoparia dulcis in Alloxan induced Albino Mice. International Journal of Pharmtech Research, 2(4): pp 2527-2534.
[23] Aparna, T., Manabendra, D. C. and Biplab, D. E. (2013). Hypoglycemic activity of Scoparia dulcis L. in different solvent systems. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(3): pp 330-332.
[24] Ragavan, B. and Krishnakumari, S. (2006). Anti-diabetic effect of T. Arjuna bark extract in alloxan-induced Diabetic rats. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 9 (3): pp 189 – 197.
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    Onyegeme-Okerenta Blessing Minaopunye, Essien Eka Bassey. (2015). Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic and Anti-lipidemic Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Millettia aboensis and Its Effect on Pancreatic Histology of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Advances in Biochemistry, 3(2), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20150302.11

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    Onyegeme-Okerenta Blessing Minaopunye; Essien Eka Bassey. Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic and Anti-lipidemic Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Millettia aboensis and Its Effect on Pancreatic Histology of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Adv. Biochem. 2015, 3(2), 24-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20150302.11

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    AMA Style

    Onyegeme-Okerenta Blessing Minaopunye, Essien Eka Bassey. Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic and Anti-lipidemic Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Millettia aboensis and Its Effect on Pancreatic Histology of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Adv Biochem. 2015;3(2):24-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20150302.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ab.20150302.11,
      author = {Onyegeme-Okerenta Blessing Minaopunye and Essien Eka Bassey},
      title = {Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic and Anti-lipidemic Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Millettia aboensis and Its Effect on Pancreatic Histology of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats},
      journal = {Advances in Biochemistry},
      volume = {3},
      number = {2},
      pages = {24-29},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ab.20150302.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20150302.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ab.20150302.11},
      abstract = {Plants provide a potential source of anti-diabetic drugs and are widely used in several traditional systems of medicine to prevent diabetes. This study evaluated the anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic activities of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Milletia aboensis in, and its effect on pancreatic histology of, alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Eighty rats were grouped into eight based on average body weights. Diabetes similar to that of type 1 in human was induced by a single intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate a -diabetogenic agent (160 mg kg-1). After 120 hours of alloxan injection, the rats from Groups 2 – 8 were confirmed diabetic having baseline fasting blood sugar levels >8.5mmol/L. Group 1 served as normal control. The extract was administered twice daily for 21 days at doses of 500 mg kg-1 – 2500 mg kg-1 in Groups 4 – 8. Group 2 was treated with a standard diabetic drug, ‘Metformin’, while Group 3 (untreated and negative control) was diabetic with increased Total cholesterol (CHOL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), triacylglycerol (TAG) levels and reduced high density lipoproteins (HDL) level throughout the experiment. Glucose was assayed for on the 7th, 14th and 21st day while CHOL, HDL, LDL, and triglyceride were assayed on the 21st day. A significant reduction (p<0.05) in the fasting blood glucose levels of rats in Groups 4-8 was observed when compared to the normal control. Similarly, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in TAG and LDL and a significant increase (p<0.05) in HDL levels in groups treated with the extract when compared to Group 1 (normal control). A photomicrograph of the pancreatic cells was taken before and after treatment with aqueous leaf extract. The photomicrograph before treatment showed atrophic pancreatic islet with vacuolations which indicates significant damaged Islets of langerhans in the beta cells. After treatment the photomicrograph indicates significant cell regeneration and repair. The present investigation suggests that leaf extract of M. aboensis exhibits anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic activities and positively affected pancreatic functions in alloxan-induced diabetes rats.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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    T1  - Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic and Anti-lipidemic Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Millettia aboensis and Its Effect on Pancreatic Histology of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
    AU  - Onyegeme-Okerenta Blessing Minaopunye
    AU  - Essien Eka Bassey
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ab.20150302.11
    T2  - Advances in Biochemistry
    JF  - Advances in Biochemistry
    JO  - Advances in Biochemistry
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    SN  - 2329-0862
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20150302.11
    AB  - Plants provide a potential source of anti-diabetic drugs and are widely used in several traditional systems of medicine to prevent diabetes. This study evaluated the anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic activities of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Milletia aboensis in, and its effect on pancreatic histology of, alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Eighty rats were grouped into eight based on average body weights. Diabetes similar to that of type 1 in human was induced by a single intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate a -diabetogenic agent (160 mg kg-1). After 120 hours of alloxan injection, the rats from Groups 2 – 8 were confirmed diabetic having baseline fasting blood sugar levels >8.5mmol/L. Group 1 served as normal control. The extract was administered twice daily for 21 days at doses of 500 mg kg-1 – 2500 mg kg-1 in Groups 4 – 8. Group 2 was treated with a standard diabetic drug, ‘Metformin’, while Group 3 (untreated and negative control) was diabetic with increased Total cholesterol (CHOL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), triacylglycerol (TAG) levels and reduced high density lipoproteins (HDL) level throughout the experiment. Glucose was assayed for on the 7th, 14th and 21st day while CHOL, HDL, LDL, and triglyceride were assayed on the 21st day. A significant reduction (p<0.05) in the fasting blood glucose levels of rats in Groups 4-8 was observed when compared to the normal control. Similarly, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in TAG and LDL and a significant increase (p<0.05) in HDL levels in groups treated with the extract when compared to Group 1 (normal control). A photomicrograph of the pancreatic cells was taken before and after treatment with aqueous leaf extract. The photomicrograph before treatment showed atrophic pancreatic islet with vacuolations which indicates significant damaged Islets of langerhans in the beta cells. After treatment the photomicrograph indicates significant cell regeneration and repair. The present investigation suggests that leaf extract of M. aboensis exhibits anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic activities and positively affected pancreatic functions in alloxan-induced diabetes rats.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological & Chemical Sciences, College of Natural & Applied Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological & Chemical Sciences, College of Natural & Applied Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

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