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A Case Report: Post COVID Immune Thrombocytopenia

Received: 26 February 2022     Accepted: 22 April 2022     Published: 28 April 2022
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Abstract

Immune thrombocytopenia is a condition in which our body destroys its own platelets. It is characterized by platelet count less than 100,000/uL which can lead to easy bruising and bleeding. ITP can be primary or secondary. Secondary causes are diverse and include viral infections. The novel corona virus is known to affect mainly respiratory system along with the involvement of multiple other systems. It presents with non specific symptoms such as fever, fatigue, cough, dyspnea and might lead to a few rare complications post COVID with ITP being on of them. One of the potential cause of ITP is attributed to this viral infection. This is a case of 29 year old female who presented with easy bruising on the both upper and lower limbs 1 week after being tested negative for corona virus infection on PCR. Platelet count on admission was 59,000/uL. She was diagnosed as ITP caused by corona virus after ruling out other hematological causes of thrombocytopenia. The further workup did not reveal the pathophysiology of ITP caused by this virus. However the patient was treated with glucocorticoids which improved the condition gradually. The patient was discharged and a followup was advised.

Published in World Journal of Medical Case Reports (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.wjmcr.20220302.12
Page(s) 21-24
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

COVID-19, Thrombocytopenia, Post COVID Syndrome, Clinical Medicine, Post Viral Platelet Disorder

References
[1] Justiz Vaillant AA, Gupta N. ITP-Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura. [Updated 2021 Dec 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537240/
[2] Merli, M., Ageno, W., Sessa, F. et al. Recurrence of immune thrombocytopenia at the time of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ann Hematol 99, 1951–1952 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-020-04130-2
[3] Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al.: Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020, 382: 1708-1720. 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.
[4] Bomhof G, Mutsaers PGNJ, Leebeek FWG, Te Boekhorst PAW, Hofland J, Croles FN, Jansen AJG: COVID-19- associated immune thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol. 2020, 190: e61-4. 10.1111/bjh.16850.
[5] Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et. al.: Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020, 395: 497-506. 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5.
[6] Giannis D, Ziogas IA, Gianni P: Coagulation disorders in coronavirus infected patients: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and lessons from the past. J Clin Virol. 2020, 127: 104362. 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104362.
[7] Goeijenbier M. Van Wissen M. Van de Weg C. et al. Review: Viral infections and mechanisms of thrombosis and bleeding. J Med Virol. 2012; 84: 1680-1696.
[8] Bhattacharjee, S., & Banerjee, M. (2020). Immune Thrombocytopenia Secondary to COVID-19: a Systematic Review. SN comprehensive clinical medicine, 2 (11), 2048–2058. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00521-8
[9] Zulfiqar AA, Lorenzo-Villalba N, Hassler P, Andrès E: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2020, 382: e43.
[10] Stepman G, Daley I, Bralts D, et al. (June 22, 2021) A Case of Immune Thrombocytopenia After COVID-19 Infection. Cureus 13 (6): e15843. doi: 10.7759/cureus.15843.
[11] Xu P, Zhou Q, Xu J. Mechanism of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients. Ann Hematol. 2020; 99 (6): 1205-1208. doi: 10.1007/s00277-020-04019-0.
[12] Platelet transfusions, indications, ordering and associated risks (https://www.medilib.ir/uptodate/show/7918).
[13] Cindy Neunert, Wendy Lim, Mark Crowther, Alan Cohen, Lawrence Solberg, Mark A. Crowther; The American Society of Hematology 2011 evidence-based practice guideline for immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 2011; 117 (16): 4190–4207. doi: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-08-302984.
[14] Dijk, W., & Schutgens, R. (2022). Relapse of immune thrombocytopenia after COVID-19 vaccination. European journal of haematology, 108 (1), 84–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejh.13713
[15] Pishko, A. M., Bussel, J. B. & Cines, D. B. COVID-19 vaccination and immune thrombocytopenia. Nat Med 27, 1145–1146 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01419-1
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Faraz Waheed. (2022). A Case Report: Post COVID Immune Thrombocytopenia. World Journal of Medical Case Reports, 3(2), 21-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjmcr.20220302.12

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    ACS Style

    Faraz Waheed. A Case Report: Post COVID Immune Thrombocytopenia. World J. Med. Case Rep. 2022, 3(2), 21-24. doi: 10.11648/j.wjmcr.20220302.12

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    AMA Style

    Faraz Waheed. A Case Report: Post COVID Immune Thrombocytopenia. World J Med Case Rep. 2022;3(2):21-24. doi: 10.11648/j.wjmcr.20220302.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.wjmcr.20220302.12,
      author = {Faraz Waheed},
      title = {A Case Report: Post COVID Immune Thrombocytopenia},
      journal = {World Journal of Medical Case Reports},
      volume = {3},
      number = {2},
      pages = {21-24},
      doi = {10.11648/j.wjmcr.20220302.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjmcr.20220302.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjmcr.20220302.12},
      abstract = {Immune thrombocytopenia is a condition in which our body destroys its own platelets. It is characterized by platelet count less than 100,000/uL which can lead to easy bruising and bleeding. ITP can be primary or secondary. Secondary causes are diverse and include viral infections. The novel corona virus is known to affect mainly respiratory system along with the involvement of multiple other systems. It presents with non specific symptoms such as fever, fatigue, cough, dyspnea and might lead to a few rare complications post COVID with ITP being on of them. One of the potential cause of ITP is attributed to this viral infection. This is a case of 29 year old female who presented with easy bruising on the both upper and lower limbs 1 week after being tested negative for corona virus infection on PCR. Platelet count on admission was 59,000/uL. She was diagnosed as ITP caused by corona virus after ruling out other hematological causes of thrombocytopenia. The further workup did not reveal the pathophysiology of ITP caused by this virus. However the patient was treated with glucocorticoids which improved the condition gradually. The patient was discharged and a followup was advised.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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    AB  - Immune thrombocytopenia is a condition in which our body destroys its own platelets. It is characterized by platelet count less than 100,000/uL which can lead to easy bruising and bleeding. ITP can be primary or secondary. Secondary causes are diverse and include viral infections. The novel corona virus is known to affect mainly respiratory system along with the involvement of multiple other systems. It presents with non specific symptoms such as fever, fatigue, cough, dyspnea and might lead to a few rare complications post COVID with ITP being on of them. One of the potential cause of ITP is attributed to this viral infection. This is a case of 29 year old female who presented with easy bruising on the both upper and lower limbs 1 week after being tested negative for corona virus infection on PCR. Platelet count on admission was 59,000/uL. She was diagnosed as ITP caused by corona virus after ruling out other hematological causes of thrombocytopenia. The further workup did not reveal the pathophysiology of ITP caused by this virus. However the patient was treated with glucocorticoids which improved the condition gradually. The patient was discharged and a followup was advised.
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Author Information
  • Department of Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan

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