New Challenge on Determination of the Reasonable Rotation to Revolution Speed Ratio for the Mechanical Activation of Boron Concentrate in Planetary Ball Mill

Kyong-Chol Kim; Yong-Min Kim; Song-Jin Choe

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13

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New Challenge on Determination of the Reasonable Rotation to Revolution Speed Ratio for the Mechanical Activation of Boron Concentrate in Planetary Ball Mill

Kyong-Chol Kim^*

, Yong-Min Kim

, Song-Jin Choe

Published in World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 4)

Received: 22 July 2025 Accepted: 19 August 2025 Published: 27 October 2025

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Abstract

The planetary ball mill is extensively used for grinding, mechanical activation, mechanical alloying, and mechanochemical synthesis of different substances including nanomaterials. It is very important to determine the optimal operating parameters for high efficiency of the planetary ball mill. However, it is difficult to determine the optimal operating conditions for the planetary ball mill because the motion mechanism within the vial is too complex and many factors affect the motion and they are closely related to each other. In particular, the type and property of powder materials have a great influence on the ball motion and energy, and the optimum operating parameter values, even the ball motion state or mechanism, are different from each other in many studies. In this paper, the effect of the rotation to revolution speed ratio on the several interaction forces, such as the normal, tangential, compressive, and total forces, in the planetary ball mill using discrete element method is investigated for determination of the reasonable rotation to revolution speed ratio for the mechanical activation of boron concentrate. The normal and total forces have maximal values at RRSR = 4-4.5, however, the tangential and compressive forces have no maximal value and continue to increase. The action of the normal force might be greater than both of the tangential and compressive forces, moreover, there might be the action of the total force. It is difficult to determine the optimal rotation-to-revolution speed ratio by consideration with only a few factors such as normal, tangential, compressive and total forces in planetary ball mill, therefore, further research is needed.

Published in	World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13
Page(s)	109-117
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Speed Ratio, Contact Force, Compressive Force, Mechanical Activation, Planetary Ball Mill

References

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APA Style

Kim, K., Kim, Y., Choe, S. (2025). New Challenge on Determination of the Reasonable Rotation to Revolution Speed Ratio for the Mechanical Activation of Boron Concentrate in Planetary Ball Mill. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 10(4), 109-117. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13

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ACS Style

Kim, K.; Kim, Y.; Choe, S. New Challenge on Determination of the Reasonable Rotation to Revolution Speed Ratio for the Mechanical Activation of Boron Concentrate in Planetary Ball Mill. World J. Appl. Chem. 2025, 10(4), 109-117. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13

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AMA Style

Kim K, Kim Y, Choe S. New Challenge on Determination of the Reasonable Rotation to Revolution Speed Ratio for the Mechanical Activation of Boron Concentrate in Planetary Ball Mill. World J Appl Chem. 2025;10(4):109-117. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13

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@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13,
  author = {Kyong-Chol Kim and Yong-Min Kim and Song-Jin Choe},
  title = {New Challenge on Determination of the Reasonable Rotation to Revolution Speed Ratio for the Mechanical Activation of Boron Concentrate in Planetary Ball Mill
},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {109-117},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20251004.13},
  abstract = {The planetary ball mill is extensively used for grinding, mechanical activation, mechanical alloying, and mechanochemical synthesis of different substances including nanomaterials. It is very important to determine the optimal operating parameters for high efficiency of the planetary ball mill. However, it is difficult to determine the optimal operating conditions for the planetary ball mill because the motion mechanism within the vial is too complex and many factors affect the motion and they are closely related to each other. In particular, the type and property of powder materials have a great influence on the ball motion and energy, and the optimum operating parameter values, even the ball motion state or mechanism, are different from each other in many studies. In this paper, the effect of the rotation to revolution speed ratio on the several interaction forces, such as the normal, tangential, compressive, and total forces, in the planetary ball mill using discrete element method is investigated for determination of the reasonable rotation to revolution speed ratio for the mechanical activation of boron concentrate. The normal and total forces have maximal values at RRSR = 4-4.5, however, the tangential and compressive forces have no maximal value and continue to increase. The action of the normal force might be greater than both of the tangential and compressive forces, moreover, there might be the action of the total force. It is difficult to determine the optimal rotation-to-revolution speed ratio by consideration with only a few factors such as normal, tangential, compressive and total forces in planetary ball mill, therefore, further research is needed.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - New Challenge on Determination of the Reasonable Rotation to Revolution Speed Ratio for the Mechanical Activation of Boron Concentrate in Planetary Ball Mill

AU  - Kyong-Chol Kim
AU  - Yong-Min Kim
AU  - Song-Jin Choe
Y1  - 2025/10/27
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13
T2  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 109
EP  - 117
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13
AB  - The planetary ball mill is extensively used for grinding, mechanical activation, mechanical alloying, and mechanochemical synthesis of different substances including nanomaterials. It is very important to determine the optimal operating parameters for high efficiency of the planetary ball mill. However, it is difficult to determine the optimal operating conditions for the planetary ball mill because the motion mechanism within the vial is too complex and many factors affect the motion and they are closely related to each other. In particular, the type and property of powder materials have a great influence on the ball motion and energy, and the optimum operating parameter values, even the ball motion state or mechanism, are different from each other in many studies. In this paper, the effect of the rotation to revolution speed ratio on the several interaction forces, such as the normal, tangential, compressive, and total forces, in the planetary ball mill using discrete element method is investigated for determination of the reasonable rotation to revolution speed ratio for the mechanical activation of boron concentrate. The normal and total forces have maximal values at RRSR = 4-4.5, however, the tangential and compressive forces have no maximal value and continue to increase. The action of the normal force might be greater than both of the tangential and compressive forces, moreover, there might be the action of the total force. It is difficult to determine the optimal rotation-to-revolution speed ratio by consideration with only a few factors such as normal, tangential, compressive and total forces in planetary ball mill, therefore, further research is needed.

VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Kyong-Chol Kim

Faculty of Power Engineering, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7217-6385
Yong-Min Kim

Faculty of Power Engineering, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

http://orcid.org/0009-0002-6599-5216
Song-Jin Choe

Faculty of Power Engineering, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

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APA Style

Kim, K., Kim, Y., Choe, S. (2025). New Challenge on Determination of the Reasonable Rotation to Revolution Speed Ratio for the Mechanical Activation of Boron Concentrate in Planetary Ball Mill. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 10(4), 109-117. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13

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ACS Style

Kim, K.; Kim, Y.; Choe, S. New Challenge on Determination of the Reasonable Rotation to Revolution Speed Ratio for the Mechanical Activation of Boron Concentrate in Planetary Ball Mill. World J. Appl. Chem. 2025, 10(4), 109-117. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13

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AMA Style

Kim K, Kim Y, Choe S. New Challenge on Determination of the Reasonable Rotation to Revolution Speed Ratio for the Mechanical Activation of Boron Concentrate in Planetary Ball Mill. World J Appl Chem. 2025;10(4):109-117. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13,
  author = {Kyong-Chol Kim and Yong-Min Kim and Song-Jin Choe},
  title = {New Challenge on Determination of the Reasonable Rotation to Revolution Speed Ratio for the Mechanical Activation of Boron Concentrate in Planetary Ball Mill
},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {109-117},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20251004.13},
  abstract = {The planetary ball mill is extensively used for grinding, mechanical activation, mechanical alloying, and mechanochemical synthesis of different substances including nanomaterials. It is very important to determine the optimal operating parameters for high efficiency of the planetary ball mill. However, it is difficult to determine the optimal operating conditions for the planetary ball mill because the motion mechanism within the vial is too complex and many factors affect the motion and they are closely related to each other. In particular, the type and property of powder materials have a great influence on the ball motion and energy, and the optimum operating parameter values, even the ball motion state or mechanism, are different from each other in many studies. In this paper, the effect of the rotation to revolution speed ratio on the several interaction forces, such as the normal, tangential, compressive, and total forces, in the planetary ball mill using discrete element method is investigated for determination of the reasonable rotation to revolution speed ratio for the mechanical activation of boron concentrate. The normal and total forces have maximal values at RRSR = 4-4.5, however, the tangential and compressive forces have no maximal value and continue to increase. The action of the normal force might be greater than both of the tangential and compressive forces, moreover, there might be the action of the total force. It is difficult to determine the optimal rotation-to-revolution speed ratio by consideration with only a few factors such as normal, tangential, compressive and total forces in planetary ball mill, therefore, further research is needed.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - New Challenge on Determination of the Reasonable Rotation to Revolution Speed Ratio for the Mechanical Activation of Boron Concentrate in Planetary Ball Mill

AU  - Kyong-Chol Kim
AU  - Yong-Min Kim
AU  - Song-Jin Choe
Y1  - 2025/10/27
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13
T2  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 109
EP  - 117
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13
AB  - The planetary ball mill is extensively used for grinding, mechanical activation, mechanical alloying, and mechanochemical synthesis of different substances including nanomaterials. It is very important to determine the optimal operating parameters for high efficiency of the planetary ball mill. However, it is difficult to determine the optimal operating conditions for the planetary ball mill because the motion mechanism within the vial is too complex and many factors affect the motion and they are closely related to each other. In particular, the type and property of powder materials have a great influence on the ball motion and energy, and the optimum operating parameter values, even the ball motion state or mechanism, are different from each other in many studies. In this paper, the effect of the rotation to revolution speed ratio on the several interaction forces, such as the normal, tangential, compressive, and total forces, in the planetary ball mill using discrete element method is investigated for determination of the reasonable rotation to revolution speed ratio for the mechanical activation of boron concentrate. The normal and total forces have maximal values at RRSR = 4-4.5, however, the tangential and compressive forces have no maximal value and continue to increase. The action of the normal force might be greater than both of the tangential and compressive forces, moreover, there might be the action of the total force. It is difficult to determine the optimal rotation-to-revolution speed ratio by consideration with only a few factors such as normal, tangential, compressive and total forces in planetary ball mill, therefore, further research is needed.

VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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