Comparative Determination of Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria

Onwukeme Valentine Ifenna; Etienajirhevwe Omonigho Frank

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12

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Comparative Determination of Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria

Onwukeme Valentine Ifenna, Etienajirhevwe Omonigho Frank

Published in World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 21 April 2020 Accepted: 11 May 2020 Published: 3 June 2020

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Abstract

Twelve air samples were collected from four sampling locations namely Transcorp Power Station, Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Amukpe Flow Station and Platform Petroleum Company and were analyzed for the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Triplicate samplings were carried out within three months for fourteen days using the passive method. After collection, digestion and extraction, VOCs concentrations in each sample were determined with Gas Chromatography equipped with Mass Spectrophotometer (GC/MS). Mean results of analysis showed VOCs in the range of 1.21 - 60.30, 9.12 – 30.80, 5.38 – 66.94 and 7.22 – 101.30µg/m³ for Transcorp Power Station, Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Amukpe Flow Station and Platform Petroleum Company respectively. Results obtained found all the study location to be contaminated with VOCs when compared with critical values for air quality guidelines. It was therefore recommended that as individuals, we should consider the consequences of our actions and work to improve the quality of air for future generation.

Published in	World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12
Page(s)	6-12
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Volatile Organic Compounds, Glass Tube, Concentration, Pollution, Contamination

References

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[3]	Dewulf, J; Langenhove, H. V. Atmospheric volatile organic compounds in ambient air and Natural Waters: A review on recent development of analytical methodology, performance and interpretation of field measurement, Journal of Chromatography A 843, 2000, pp 143-177.
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[8]	American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Method D: 3687-07: Standard practice for sampling atmospheric air to collect organic compound vapour (activated charcoal tube adsorption method) Annual book of ASTM standard, Vol. 11, 2015, pp. 184-189.
[9]	Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological profile for ethylbenzene. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, 2010.
[10]	Uchida Y., Nakatsuka H., Ukai H., Watanabe T., Liu Y. T and Huang M. Y. Symptoms and signs in workers exposed predominantly to xylene. International Archive of Occupation and Environment and Health. Vol. 64, 1993, pp. 597-605.
[11]	Department of Health. Qualification of the Effect of Air Pollution on Health in the United Kingdom, HMSO, London, 1998, p. 128.
[12]	Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for ethylbenzene. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta. 1999.
[13]	Elkins, H. B. The chemistry of industrial toxicology. 2^nd edition. New York, John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1959, p. 298.
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APA Style

Onwukeme Valentine Ifenna, Etienajirhevwe Omonigho Frank. (2020). Comparative Determination of Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 5(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12

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ACS Style

Onwukeme Valentine Ifenna; Etienajirhevwe Omonigho Frank. Comparative Determination of Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. World J. Appl. Chem. 2020, 5(1), 6-12. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12

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AMA Style

Onwukeme Valentine Ifenna, Etienajirhevwe Omonigho Frank. Comparative Determination of Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. World J Appl Chem. 2020;5(1):6-12. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12

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@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12,
  author = {Onwukeme Valentine Ifenna and Etienajirhevwe Omonigho Frank},
  title = {Comparative Determination of Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-12},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20200501.12},
  abstract = {Twelve air samples were collected from four sampling locations namely Transcorp Power Station, Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Amukpe Flow Station and Platform Petroleum Company and were analyzed for the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Triplicate samplings were carried out within three months for fourteen days using the passive method. After collection, digestion and extraction, VOCs concentrations in each sample were determined with Gas Chromatography equipped with Mass Spectrophotometer (GC/MS). Mean results of analysis showed VOCs in the range of 1.21 - 60.30, 9.12 – 30.80, 5.38 – 66.94 and 7.22 – 101.30µg/m3 for Transcorp Power Station, Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Amukpe Flow Station and Platform Petroleum Company respectively. Results obtained found all the study location to be contaminated with VOCs when compared with critical values for air quality guidelines. It was therefore recommended that as individuals, we should consider the consequences of our actions and work to improve the quality of air for future generation.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparative Determination of Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria
AU  - Onwukeme Valentine Ifenna
AU  - Etienajirhevwe Omonigho Frank
Y1  - 2020/06/03
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12
T2  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 6
EP  - 12
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12
AB  - Twelve air samples were collected from four sampling locations namely Transcorp Power Station, Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Amukpe Flow Station and Platform Petroleum Company and were analyzed for the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Triplicate samplings were carried out within three months for fourteen days using the passive method. After collection, digestion and extraction, VOCs concentrations in each sample were determined with Gas Chromatography equipped with Mass Spectrophotometer (GC/MS). Mean results of analysis showed VOCs in the range of 1.21 - 60.30, 9.12 – 30.80, 5.38 – 66.94 and 7.22 – 101.30µg/m3 for Transcorp Power Station, Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Amukpe Flow Station and Platform Petroleum Company respectively. Results obtained found all the study location to be contaminated with VOCs when compared with critical values for air quality guidelines. It was therefore recommended that as individuals, we should consider the consequences of our actions and work to improve the quality of air for future generation.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Onwukeme Valentine Ifenna

Deparment of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Etienajirhevwe Omonigho Frank

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe, Oghara, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Onwukeme Valentine Ifenna, Etienajirhevwe Omonigho Frank. (2020). Comparative Determination of Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 5(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12

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ACS Style

Onwukeme Valentine Ifenna; Etienajirhevwe Omonigho Frank. Comparative Determination of Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. World J. Appl. Chem. 2020, 5(1), 6-12. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12

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AMA Style

Onwukeme Valentine Ifenna, Etienajirhevwe Omonigho Frank. Comparative Determination of Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. World J Appl Chem. 2020;5(1):6-12. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12,
  author = {Onwukeme Valentine Ifenna and Etienajirhevwe Omonigho Frank},
  title = {Comparative Determination of Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-12},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20200501.12},
  abstract = {Twelve air samples were collected from four sampling locations namely Transcorp Power Station, Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Amukpe Flow Station and Platform Petroleum Company and were analyzed for the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Triplicate samplings were carried out within three months for fourteen days using the passive method. After collection, digestion and extraction, VOCs concentrations in each sample were determined with Gas Chromatography equipped with Mass Spectrophotometer (GC/MS). Mean results of analysis showed VOCs in the range of 1.21 - 60.30, 9.12 – 30.80, 5.38 – 66.94 and 7.22 – 101.30µg/m3 for Transcorp Power Station, Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Amukpe Flow Station and Platform Petroleum Company respectively. Results obtained found all the study location to be contaminated with VOCs when compared with critical values for air quality guidelines. It was therefore recommended that as individuals, we should consider the consequences of our actions and work to improve the quality of air for future generation.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparative Determination of Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria
AU  - Onwukeme Valentine Ifenna
AU  - Etienajirhevwe Omonigho Frank
Y1  - 2020/06/03
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12
T2  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 6
EP  - 12
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20200501.12
AB  - Twelve air samples were collected from four sampling locations namely Transcorp Power Station, Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Amukpe Flow Station and Platform Petroleum Company and were analyzed for the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Triplicate samplings were carried out within three months for fourteen days using the passive method. After collection, digestion and extraction, VOCs concentrations in each sample were determined with Gas Chromatography equipped with Mass Spectrophotometer (GC/MS). Mean results of analysis showed VOCs in the range of 1.21 - 60.30, 9.12 – 30.80, 5.38 – 66.94 and 7.22 – 101.30µg/m3 for Transcorp Power Station, Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Amukpe Flow Station and Platform Petroleum Company respectively. Results obtained found all the study location to be contaminated with VOCs when compared with critical values for air quality guidelines. It was therefore recommended that as individuals, we should consider the consequences of our actions and work to improve the quality of air for future generation.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download