Physichochemical Properties and Trace Elements of Soils in Mambilla Plateau of Northeastern Nigeria

Isaac Ernest; Maina Humphrey Mayi; Donatus Raymond Bwano; Riki Yohanna Emmanuel; Joseph Bal

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11

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Physichochemical Properties and Trace Elements of Soils in Mambilla Plateau of Northeastern Nigeria

Isaac Ernest, Maina Humphrey Mayi, Donatus Raymond Bwano, Riki Yohanna Emmanuel, Joseph Bal

Published in World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 6 June 2018 Accepted: 29 August 2018 Published: 13 October 2018

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Abstract

The soil samples from Mambila Plateau were analyzed to determine the physicochemical properties of elements present by energy dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. The physical and chemical parameters determined were colour, pH, electrical conductivity, specific gravity and elemental identifications of Cr₂O₃, CuO, NiO and V₂O₅ respectively. The pH values for soils of the study area are high between 3.96-4.30 being acidic, electrical conductivity values ranged from 81.79 – 238 mS/cm with higher electrical conductivity value at N₁ having 238 mS/cm and lower electrical conductivity at S₁ 81.79 uS/cm respectively. The soil are yellow, red and gray; with hue steps of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, and 10YR, a step values between 3-7 and the chroma range of 1- 6. The specific gravity which also is the relative density range from 2.00-2.50. The percentage elemental contents identified for trace elements decreased in the order V₂O₅ > Cr₂O₃ >NiO > CuO. The highest percentage concentration of element found was V₂O₅ at N₄ 0.29% while, CuO showed minimum concentration of 0.01%. The entire soils indicated high acidity levels due to the pH results tested, with spatial variation of the elements oxides contents higher at N₁, N₂, N₃, N₄, and decreasing through E₁, E₂, E₃ and E⁴ to S₁, S₂, S₃ and S₄ at lower concentrations.

Published in	World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11
Page(s)	72-82
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mambilla, Physicochemical, Trace Element, Soil, Standard Notation, Northeastern Nigeria

References

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APA Style

Isaac Ernest, Maina Humphrey Mayi, Donatus Raymond Bwano, Riki Yohanna Emmanuel, Joseph Bal. (2018). Physichochemical Properties and Trace Elements of Soils in Mambilla Plateau of Northeastern Nigeria. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(3), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11

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ACS Style

Isaac Ernest; Maina Humphrey Mayi; Donatus Raymond Bwano; Riki Yohanna Emmanuel; Joseph Bal. Physichochemical Properties and Trace Elements of Soils in Mambilla Plateau of Northeastern Nigeria. World J. Appl. Chem. 2018, 3(3), 72-82. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11

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AMA Style

Isaac Ernest, Maina Humphrey Mayi, Donatus Raymond Bwano, Riki Yohanna Emmanuel, Joseph Bal. Physichochemical Properties and Trace Elements of Soils in Mambilla Plateau of Northeastern Nigeria. World J Appl Chem. 2018;3(3):72-82. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11

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@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11,
  author = {Isaac Ernest and Maina Humphrey Mayi and Donatus Raymond Bwano and Riki Yohanna Emmanuel and Joseph Bal},
  title = {Physichochemical Properties and Trace Elements of Soils in Mambilla Plateau of Northeastern Nigeria},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {72-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20180303.11},
  abstract = {The soil samples from Mambila Plateau were analyzed to determine the physicochemical properties of elements present by energy dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. The physical and chemical parameters determined were colour, pH, electrical conductivity, specific gravity and elemental identifications of Cr2O3, CuO, NiO and V2O5 respectively. The pH values for soils of the study area are high between 3.96-4.30 being acidic, electrical conductivity values ranged from 81.79 – 238 mS/cm with higher electrical conductivity value at N1 having 238 mS/cm and lower electrical conductivity at S1 81.79 uS/cm respectively. The soil are yellow, red and gray; with hue steps of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, and 10YR, a step values between 3-7 and the chroma range of 1- 6. The specific gravity which also is the relative density range from 2.00-2.50. The percentage elemental contents identified for trace elements decreased in the order V2O5 > Cr2O3 >NiO > CuO. The highest percentage concentration of element found was V2O5 at N4 0.29% while, CuO showed minimum concentration of 0.01%. The entire soils indicated high acidity levels due to the pH results tested, with spatial variation of the elements oxides contents higher at N1, N2, N3, N4, and decreasing through E1, E2, E3 and E4 to S1, S2, S3 and S4 at lower concentrations.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physichochemical Properties and Trace Elements of Soils in Mambilla Plateau of Northeastern Nigeria
AU  - Isaac Ernest
AU  - Maina Humphrey Mayi
AU  - Donatus Raymond Bwano
AU  - Riki Yohanna Emmanuel
AU  - Joseph Bal
Y1  - 2018/10/13
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11
T2  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 72
EP  - 82
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11
AB  - The soil samples from Mambila Plateau were analyzed to determine the physicochemical properties of elements present by energy dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. The physical and chemical parameters determined were colour, pH, electrical conductivity, specific gravity and elemental identifications of Cr2O3, CuO, NiO and V2O5 respectively. The pH values for soils of the study area are high between 3.96-4.30 being acidic, electrical conductivity values ranged from 81.79 – 238 mS/cm with higher electrical conductivity value at N1 having 238 mS/cm and lower electrical conductivity at S1 81.79 uS/cm respectively. The soil are yellow, red and gray; with hue steps of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, and 10YR, a step values between 3-7 and the chroma range of 1- 6. The specific gravity which also is the relative density range from 2.00-2.50. The percentage elemental contents identified for trace elements decreased in the order V2O5 > Cr2O3 >NiO > CuO. The highest percentage concentration of element found was V2O5 at N4 0.29% while, CuO showed minimum concentration of 0.01%. The entire soils indicated high acidity levels due to the pH results tested, with spatial variation of the elements oxides contents higher at N1, N2, N3, N4, and decreasing through E1, E2, E3 and E4 to S1, S2, S3 and S4 at lower concentrations.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Isaac Ernest

Department of Chemistry, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria
Maina Humphrey Mayi

Department of Chemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria
Donatus Raymond Bwano

Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria
Riki Yohanna Emmanuel

Department of Basic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Jalingo, Nigeria
Joseph Bal

Department of Chemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria

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APA Style

Isaac Ernest, Maina Humphrey Mayi, Donatus Raymond Bwano, Riki Yohanna Emmanuel, Joseph Bal. (2018). Physichochemical Properties and Trace Elements of Soils in Mambilla Plateau of Northeastern Nigeria. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(3), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11

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ACS Style

Isaac Ernest; Maina Humphrey Mayi; Donatus Raymond Bwano; Riki Yohanna Emmanuel; Joseph Bal. Physichochemical Properties and Trace Elements of Soils in Mambilla Plateau of Northeastern Nigeria. World J. Appl. Chem. 2018, 3(3), 72-82. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11

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AMA Style

Isaac Ernest, Maina Humphrey Mayi, Donatus Raymond Bwano, Riki Yohanna Emmanuel, Joseph Bal. Physichochemical Properties and Trace Elements of Soils in Mambilla Plateau of Northeastern Nigeria. World J Appl Chem. 2018;3(3):72-82. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11,
  author = {Isaac Ernest and Maina Humphrey Mayi and Donatus Raymond Bwano and Riki Yohanna Emmanuel and Joseph Bal},
  title = {Physichochemical Properties and Trace Elements of Soils in Mambilla Plateau of Northeastern Nigeria},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {72-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20180303.11},
  abstract = {The soil samples from Mambila Plateau were analyzed to determine the physicochemical properties of elements present by energy dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. The physical and chemical parameters determined were colour, pH, electrical conductivity, specific gravity and elemental identifications of Cr2O3, CuO, NiO and V2O5 respectively. The pH values for soils of the study area are high between 3.96-4.30 being acidic, electrical conductivity values ranged from 81.79 – 238 mS/cm with higher electrical conductivity value at N1 having 238 mS/cm and lower electrical conductivity at S1 81.79 uS/cm respectively. The soil are yellow, red and gray; with hue steps of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, and 10YR, a step values between 3-7 and the chroma range of 1- 6. The specific gravity which also is the relative density range from 2.00-2.50. The percentage elemental contents identified for trace elements decreased in the order V2O5 > Cr2O3 >NiO > CuO. The highest percentage concentration of element found was V2O5 at N4 0.29% while, CuO showed minimum concentration of 0.01%. The entire soils indicated high acidity levels due to the pH results tested, with spatial variation of the elements oxides contents higher at N1, N2, N3, N4, and decreasing through E1, E2, E3 and E4 to S1, S2, S3 and S4 at lower concentrations.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physichochemical Properties and Trace Elements of Soils in Mambilla Plateau of Northeastern Nigeria
AU  - Isaac Ernest
AU  - Maina Humphrey Mayi
AU  - Donatus Raymond Bwano
AU  - Riki Yohanna Emmanuel
AU  - Joseph Bal
Y1  - 2018/10/13
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11
T2  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 72
EP  - 82
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180303.11
AB  - The soil samples from Mambila Plateau were analyzed to determine the physicochemical properties of elements present by energy dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. The physical and chemical parameters determined were colour, pH, electrical conductivity, specific gravity and elemental identifications of Cr2O3, CuO, NiO and V2O5 respectively. The pH values for soils of the study area are high between 3.96-4.30 being acidic, electrical conductivity values ranged from 81.79 – 238 mS/cm with higher electrical conductivity value at N1 having 238 mS/cm and lower electrical conductivity at S1 81.79 uS/cm respectively. The soil are yellow, red and gray; with hue steps of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, and 10YR, a step values between 3-7 and the chroma range of 1- 6. The specific gravity which also is the relative density range from 2.00-2.50. The percentage elemental contents identified for trace elements decreased in the order V2O5 > Cr2O3 >NiO > CuO. The highest percentage concentration of element found was V2O5 at N4 0.29% while, CuO showed minimum concentration of 0.01%. The entire soils indicated high acidity levels due to the pH results tested, with spatial variation of the elements oxides contents higher at N1, N2, N3, N4, and decreasing through E1, E2, E3 and E4 to S1, S2, S3 and S4 at lower concentrations.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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