Perception of Criminal Insecurity in Vulnerable Districts in Latin America

Macarena Rau; Francisco Gatica; Iván Cartes; Thimothy Pascoe; Víctor Carrasco

doi:doi:10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11

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Perception of Criminal Insecurity in Vulnerable Districts in Latin America

Macarena Rau, Francisco Gatica, Iván Cartes, Thimothy Pascoe, Víctor Carrasco

Published in Urban and Regional Planning (Volume 4, Issue 4)

Received: 4 August 2019 Accepted: 5 October 2019 Published: 26 October 2019

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Abstract

Latin America, the world's most criminogenic region from the perspective of intentional homicide, is also the region with the highest perception of criminal insecurity. This situation negatively affects the quality of life of its inhabitants, influencing their decisions on the use of certain public spaces or the possibility of avoiding them due to the fear of being victims of a crime. This comparative analysis of three cases of intervention through situational prevention strategies and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design at the residential level, both in Chile and Honduras, seeks to establish the existence of a relationship between the socio-spatial modification of the environment and the impact generated from the implementation of these strategies in the levels of victimization, on the perception of insecurity and on the degree of social cohesion of the communities with which we work directly. To achieve this objective, a section was first developed with the main theoretical backgrounds related to Urban Security and the methodological proposal to measure the impact generated by situational prevention strategies and CPTED on intervened areas of the countries already mentioned. Then, the methodology used in this research is presented, which consists of three case studies with similar characteristics to each other, where each of these areas will also have their respective control group. It also includes the information collection techniques used, the design of the samples and the type of research to which this study corresponds. The analysis of the data allowed progress towards preliminary results, which are obtained mainly through the use of descriptive statistics, that is, by crossing variables relevant to the objectives of the research. While for the elaboration of conclusive results, inferential statistics were used through "chi-square", which led to the generation of statistically significant associations between variables, thus allowing evidence to be available impact generated by situational prevention methods and CPTED on the urban safety of the localities involved in both Chile and Honduras.

Published in	Urban and Regional Planning (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11
Page(s)	121-135
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Urban Security, Fear, Criminal Insecurity, Situational Prevention, CPTED, Latin America, Local and Neighborhood Scale, Crime

References

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[2]	Ekblon, P. (2012). Citizen participation in crime prevention - capturing practice Knowledge through the 5ls framework. Londres.
[3]	Felson, C. &. (1998). Prevención Situacional del Delito. Police Research Series, Paper 98.
[4]	Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2010). Metodología de la Investigación. Mc Graw Hill.
[5]	Jeffery, C. R. (1971). Crime Prevention Through Environmental Desingn. Beverly Hills (California): Published by Sage Publications, Inc.
[6]	National Institute of Statistics. (2017). National Urban Citizen Safety Survey. Santiago: https://www.ine.cl/docs/default-source/sociales/seguridad-ciudadana/2017/metodolog%C3%ADa/180514_sintesis_de_resultados_xiv_enusc_2017_ajs.pdf.
[7]	Newman, O. (1996). Creating Defensible Space. Institute for Community Design Analysis. U.S.: Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research.
[8]	Rau, M. &. (2008). PREVENCION DE LA VIOLENCIA Y EL DELITO MEDIANTE EL DISEÑO AMBIENTAL EN LATINOAMÉRICA Y EL CARIBE: Estrategias Urbanas de Cohesión Social e Integración Ciudadana. Revista INVI - Universidad de Chile, 169-189.
[9]	Rau, M. &. (2010). Impact Assessment Studies for Situational Prevention Methodologies and CPTED. Latin-American y El Caribe: International CPTED Association ICA.
[10]	Rau, M. (2019). Perception of Criminal Insecurity in Vulnerable Districts Latin America. Social Sciences, Manuscript ID: SOCSCI-465268.
[11]	Rodríguez, J., & Quinde, M. (2016). Miedo al delito y medios de comunicación tradicionales: Un estudio exploratorio con universitarios venezolanos. Escuela de Criminología. Venezuela: Universidad de Los Andes. Facultad de Piscología.
[12]	Roncek, D., & Bell, P. (1981). Bars, Blocks and crime. Environmental Systems. Department of Sociology, California Satate. California, USA: Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA, 93309.
[13]	Sabatini, F. (1998). Nociones de una ciudadanía que crece. Santiago: Serie libros FLACSO ISBN. 956-205-126-9.
[14]	Schindler, V. (2005). Estándares Beccaria. Consejo federado para la prevención en baja Sajonia. Francia.
[15]	Serrano, A. &. (2007). Tendencias en delincuencia y percepción social de la inseguridad ciudadana en España y la Unión Europea. Madrid: Edisofer, S. L.
[16]	United Nations Development Program. (2013). Regional Human Development Report. Citizen Security With Human Face: Diagnosis and proposals for Latin America. New York: UNDP.
[17]	Van Soomeren, P. (2018). Global CPTED Standarization Report. Millford, Connecticut. USA: ICA.
[18]	Vilalta, C., & Castillo, J. &. (2016). Delitos violentos en ciudades de América Latina. Santiago: Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
[19]	Vozmediano, L., San-Juan, C., & Vergara, A. &. (2013). Risk perception in digital contexts: questionnaire and pilot study. International E-JOURNAL of Criminal Sciences, 1-18.
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APA Style

Macarena Rau, Francisco Gatica, Iván Cartes, Thimothy Pascoe, Víctor Carrasco. (2019). Perception of Criminal Insecurity in Vulnerable Districts in Latin America. Urban and Regional Planning, 4(4), 121-135. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11

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ACS Style

Macarena Rau; Francisco Gatica; Iván Cartes; Thimothy Pascoe; Víctor Carrasco. Perception of Criminal Insecurity in Vulnerable Districts in Latin America. Urban Reg. Plan. 2019, 4(4), 121-135. doi: 10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11

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AMA Style

Macarena Rau, Francisco Gatica, Iván Cartes, Thimothy Pascoe, Víctor Carrasco. Perception of Criminal Insecurity in Vulnerable Districts in Latin America. Urban Reg Plan. 2019;4(4):121-135. doi: 10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11

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@article{10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11,
  author = {Macarena Rau and Francisco Gatica and Iván Cartes and Thimothy Pascoe and Víctor Carrasco},
  title = {Perception of Criminal Insecurity in Vulnerable Districts in Latin America},
  journal = {Urban and Regional Planning},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {121-135},
  doi = {10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.urp.20190404.11},
  abstract = {Latin America, the world's most criminogenic region from the perspective of intentional homicide, is also the region with the highest perception of criminal insecurity. This situation negatively affects the quality of life of its inhabitants, influencing their decisions on the use of certain public spaces or the possibility of avoiding them due to the fear of being victims of a crime. This comparative analysis of three cases of intervention through situational prevention strategies and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design at the residential level, both in Chile and Honduras, seeks to establish the existence of a relationship between the socio-spatial modification of the environment and the impact generated from the implementation of these strategies in the levels of victimization, on the perception of insecurity and on the degree of social cohesion of the communities with which we work directly. To achieve this objective, a section was first developed with the main theoretical backgrounds related to Urban Security and the methodological proposal to measure the impact generated by situational prevention strategies and CPTED on intervened areas of the countries already mentioned. Then, the methodology used in this research is presented, which consists of three case studies with similar characteristics to each other, where each of these areas will also have their respective control group. It also includes the information collection techniques used, the design of the samples and the type of research to which this study corresponds. The analysis of the data allowed progress towards preliminary results, which are obtained mainly through the use of descriptive statistics, that is, by crossing variables relevant to the objectives of the research. While for the elaboration of conclusive results, inferential statistics were used through "chi-square", which led to the generation of statistically significant associations between variables, thus allowing evidence to be available impact generated by situational prevention methods and CPTED on the urban safety of the localities involved in both Chile and Honduras.},
 year = {2019}
}

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AU  - Francisco Gatica
AU  - Iván Cartes
AU  - Thimothy Pascoe
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N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
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AB  - Latin America, the world's most criminogenic region from the perspective of intentional homicide, is also the region with the highest perception of criminal insecurity. This situation negatively affects the quality of life of its inhabitants, influencing their decisions on the use of certain public spaces or the possibility of avoiding them due to the fear of being victims of a crime. This comparative analysis of three cases of intervention through situational prevention strategies and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design at the residential level, both in Chile and Honduras, seeks to establish the existence of a relationship between the socio-spatial modification of the environment and the impact generated from the implementation of these strategies in the levels of victimization, on the perception of insecurity and on the degree of social cohesion of the communities with which we work directly. To achieve this objective, a section was first developed with the main theoretical backgrounds related to Urban Security and the methodological proposal to measure the impact generated by situational prevention strategies and CPTED on intervened areas of the countries already mentioned. Then, the methodology used in this research is presented, which consists of three case studies with similar characteristics to each other, where each of these areas will also have their respective control group. It also includes the information collection techniques used, the design of the samples and the type of research to which this study corresponds. The analysis of the data allowed progress towards preliminary results, which are obtained mainly through the use of descriptive statistics, that is, by crossing variables relevant to the objectives of the research. While for the elaboration of conclusive results, inferential statistics were used through "chi-square", which led to the generation of statistically significant associations between variables, thus allowing evidence to be available impact generated by situational prevention methods and CPTED on the urban safety of the localities involved in both Chile and Honduras.
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Author Information

Macarena Rau

Department of Urban Planning and Design, Bio Bio University, Concepción, Chile
Francisco Gatica

Department of Urban Planning and Design, Bio Bio University, Concepción, Chile
Iván Cartes

Department of Urban Planning and Design, Bio Bio University, Concepción, Chile
Thimothy Pascoe

Department of Criminology, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
Víctor Carrasco

Department of Political Science, Alberto Hurtado University, Santiago, Chile and Department of Anthropology, Christian Humanism Academy University, Santiago, Chile

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APA Style

Macarena Rau, Francisco Gatica, Iván Cartes, Thimothy Pascoe, Víctor Carrasco. (2019). Perception of Criminal Insecurity in Vulnerable Districts in Latin America. Urban and Regional Planning, 4(4), 121-135. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11

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ACS Style

Macarena Rau; Francisco Gatica; Iván Cartes; Thimothy Pascoe; Víctor Carrasco. Perception of Criminal Insecurity in Vulnerable Districts in Latin America. Urban Reg. Plan. 2019, 4(4), 121-135. doi: 10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11

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AMA Style

Macarena Rau, Francisco Gatica, Iván Cartes, Thimothy Pascoe, Víctor Carrasco. Perception of Criminal Insecurity in Vulnerable Districts in Latin America. Urban Reg Plan. 2019;4(4):121-135. doi: 10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11,
  author = {Macarena Rau and Francisco Gatica and Iván Cartes and Thimothy Pascoe and Víctor Carrasco},
  title = {Perception of Criminal Insecurity in Vulnerable Districts in Latin America},
  journal = {Urban and Regional Planning},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {121-135},
  doi = {10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.urp.20190404.11},
  abstract = {Latin America, the world's most criminogenic region from the perspective of intentional homicide, is also the region with the highest perception of criminal insecurity. This situation negatively affects the quality of life of its inhabitants, influencing their decisions on the use of certain public spaces or the possibility of avoiding them due to the fear of being victims of a crime. This comparative analysis of three cases of intervention through situational prevention strategies and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design at the residential level, both in Chile and Honduras, seeks to establish the existence of a relationship between the socio-spatial modification of the environment and the impact generated from the implementation of these strategies in the levels of victimization, on the perception of insecurity and on the degree of social cohesion of the communities with which we work directly. To achieve this objective, a section was first developed with the main theoretical backgrounds related to Urban Security and the methodological proposal to measure the impact generated by situational prevention strategies and CPTED on intervened areas of the countries already mentioned. Then, the methodology used in this research is presented, which consists of three case studies with similar characteristics to each other, where each of these areas will also have their respective control group. It also includes the information collection techniques used, the design of the samples and the type of research to which this study corresponds. The analysis of the data allowed progress towards preliminary results, which are obtained mainly through the use of descriptive statistics, that is, by crossing variables relevant to the objectives of the research. While for the elaboration of conclusive results, inferential statistics were used through "chi-square", which led to the generation of statistically significant associations between variables, thus allowing evidence to be available impact generated by situational prevention methods and CPTED on the urban safety of the localities involved in both Chile and Honduras.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Perception of Criminal Insecurity in Vulnerable Districts in Latin America
AU  - Macarena Rau
AU  - Francisco Gatica
AU  - Iván Cartes
AU  - Thimothy Pascoe
AU  - Víctor Carrasco
Y1  - 2019/10/26
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11
T2  - Urban and Regional Planning
JF  - Urban and Regional Planning
JO  - Urban and Regional Planning
SP  - 121
EP  - 135
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1697
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20190404.11
AB  - Latin America, the world's most criminogenic region from the perspective of intentional homicide, is also the region with the highest perception of criminal insecurity. This situation negatively affects the quality of life of its inhabitants, influencing their decisions on the use of certain public spaces or the possibility of avoiding them due to the fear of being victims of a crime. This comparative analysis of three cases of intervention through situational prevention strategies and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design at the residential level, both in Chile and Honduras, seeks to establish the existence of a relationship between the socio-spatial modification of the environment and the impact generated from the implementation of these strategies in the levels of victimization, on the perception of insecurity and on the degree of social cohesion of the communities with which we work directly. To achieve this objective, a section was first developed with the main theoretical backgrounds related to Urban Security and the methodological proposal to measure the impact generated by situational prevention strategies and CPTED on intervened areas of the countries already mentioned. Then, the methodology used in this research is presented, which consists of three case studies with similar characteristics to each other, where each of these areas will also have their respective control group. It also includes the information collection techniques used, the design of the samples and the type of research to which this study corresponds. The analysis of the data allowed progress towards preliminary results, which are obtained mainly through the use of descriptive statistics, that is, by crossing variables relevant to the objectives of the research. While for the elaboration of conclusive results, inferential statistics were used through "chi-square", which led to the generation of statistically significant associations between variables, thus allowing evidence to be available impact generated by situational prevention methods and CPTED on the urban safety of the localities involved in both Chile and Honduras.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

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