| Peer-Reviewed

Urban Growth Evaluation by Coupling Descriptive Analysis and Zipf’s Rank-Size Model in Parakou (Benin)

Received: 26 December 2018     Accepted: 25 January 2019     Published: 21 February 2019
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Parakou occupies a strategic place in the socio-economic development of Benin due to its geographical position. Based on the Urban Land Registry data, and census data from the National Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics coupling with the statistical description and adjustment to the distribution Zipf rank-size model, allowed us to describe the urban hierarchy on the scale of Parakou localities over the period 1979 to 2013. The changes in densities of population occupation per decade show a tendency to sprawl from the 2000s and linear and quadratic adjustments are satisfactory (linear: 0.81≤ R² ≤ 0.95 and quadratic: 0.95 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.98) and significant at 1% (P-value = 0.000) to 88%. The linear coefficients of Pareto are continuously decreasing (ǀαǀ = 1.749 to ǀαǀ = 0.831 between 1979 and 2002), and reflect that the weight of big cities keeps an influence on small and medium-sized cities over this period, while a slight increase was observed in the courtyard of the decade from 2002 to 2013 (ǀαǀ = 0.861 in 2013) and shows the effect of the creation of new districts with the gradual loss of the influence of the old districts of the central core. The results suggest that population growth of the city is occurred with urban sprawl controlled by exogenous factors of infrastructures or land type. Managements of spatial planning structures are then arrested in the guidelines to provide land for the human impacts control on natural resources of watersheds.

Published in Urban and Regional Planning (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.urp.20190401.11
Page(s) 1-8
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Urban, Growth, Parakou, Spatial Planning

References
[1] A. Mama, B. Sinsin, C. De Carnnière, and J. Bogaert, “Anthropisation et dynamique des paysages en zone soudanienne au nord du Bénin,” TROPICULTURA, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 78–88, 2013.
[2] E. K. Ahoussi, N. Soro, A. M. Kouassi, G. Soro, Y. B. Koffi, and Zade, “Application des méthodes d’analyses statistiques multivariées à l’étude de l’origine des métaux lourds (Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ et Pb2+) dans les eaux des nappes phréatiques de la ville d’Abidjan,” Int J Biol Chem Sci, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 1753–1765, 2010.
[3] S. G. Eblin, A. P. Sombo, G. M. Soro, N. Aka, O. Kambiré, and N. Soro, “Hydrochimie des eaux de surface de la région d’Adiaké (sud-est côtier de la Côte d’Ivoire),” J. Appl. Biosci., vol. 75, pp. 6259– 6271, 2014.
[4] A. Traoré et al., “Evaluation des paramètres physiques, chimiques et bactériologiques des eaux d’une lagune tropicale en période d’étiage : la lagune Aghien (Côte d’Ivoire),” Int J Biol Chem Sci, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 7048–7058, 2012.
[5] K. M. Yao, B. S. Metongo, A. Trokourey, and Y. Bohra, “La pollution des eaux de la zone urbaine d’une lagune tropicale par les matières oxydables (lagune Ebrié, Côte d’Ivoire),” Int J Biol Chem Sci, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 755–770, 2009.
[6] M. K. Yao, K. B. Yao, A. Trokourey, and M. B. Soro, “Assessment of Organic Pollution in Tropical Lagoon Bay Like Lake (Tiagba Bay Lagoon, Ébrié Lagoon, Côte D’ivoire),” vol. Vol. 122, no. 3, pp. 299–311, 2014.
[7] J. Wethé, M. Radoux, and E. Tanawa, “Assainissement des eaux usées et risques socio – sanitaires et environnementaux en zones d’habitat planifié de Yaoundé (Cameroun),” VertigO - Rev. Électronique En Sci. Environ., vol. 4, no. 1, 2003.
[8] S. Soulama, A. Kadeba, B. M. I. Nacoulma, S. Traoré, Y. Bachmann, and A. Thiombiano, “Impact des activités anthropiques sur la dynamique de la végétation de la réserve partielle de faune de Pama et de ses périphéries (sud-est du Burkina Faso) dans un contexte de variabilité climatique,” J. Appl. Biosci., vol. 87, pp. 8047– 8064, 2015.
[9] C. Parent-Raoult and J.-C. Boisson, “Impacts des rejets urbains de temps de pluie (RUTP) sur les milieux aquatiques : État des connaissances,” J. Water Sci., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 229–239, 2007.
[10] T. D. Soro et al., “La variabilité climatique et son impact sur les ressources en eau dans le degré carré de Grand-Lahou (Sud-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire),” Géographie Phys. Environ., vol. 5, pp. 55–73, 2011.
[11] FNUAP, “State of the world population. Facing a changing world: women, population and climate. (L’état de la population mondiale. Faire face à un monde en mutation: femmes, population et climat),” New York, 2009.
[12] ONU-Habitat, “Évolution des politiques urbaines nationales. Aperçu général.” 2016.
[13] S. Jaglin, “Etalement urbain, faiblesses, densité et ‘cout’ de développement. Introdution,” Flux, no. 79–80, pp. 6–15., 2010.
[14] D. Pumain, “Une Théorie Géographique pour la loi de Zipf,” Région Dév., vol. 36, 2012.
[15] M. Dimou and A. Schaffar, “Evolution des hiérarchies urbaines et loi de Zipf, Le cas des Balkans,” Région Dév., vol. 25, pp. 65–86., 2007.
[16] G. Duranton, “Some foundations for Zipf’s law: product proliferation and local spillovers,” Reg. Sci. Urban Econ., vol. 36, pp. 542–563, 2006.
[17] P. Laviolette, “La gestion des déchets ménagers, casse-tête urbain à Parakou.” Université catholique de Louvain, 2007.
[18] C. Voiron-Canicio, “Pour une approche systémique du développement durable,” Dév. Durable Territ., vol. Dossier 4, p. 8, 2005.
[19] EAA, “Rapport sur l’état des lieux dans le cadre de l’appui à l’élaboration du Plan Directeur d’Assainissement de la ville de Parakou,” SONEB, RAPPORT Final, 2014.
[20] R. Samuel and A. Jacques, “Décrire à grande échelle l’occupation des sols urbains par photo- interprétation. Réflexion méthodologique et expérimentation en Provence,” Sud-Ouest Eur., vol. Les Observatoires Hommes-Milieux, no. 33, pp. 25–40, 2012.
[21] E. C. Craig, A. Jeffery, and L. Kang Shou, “Modeling Growth and Predicting Future Developed Land in the Upstate of South Carolina,” Saluda-Reedy Watershed Consort., p. 19, Nov. 2007.
[22] Zipf, “Human Behaviour and the principle of least effort. An introduction to humn ecology.,” Hafner P, vol. reprinted 1965, p. 573, 1949.
[23] O. Thomas and M. Djaouga, “La question de l’urbanisation et de l’offre de service au Bénin en Afrique de l’Ouest.,” 2008.
[24] J. P. Collin and J. Mongeau, “Quelques aspects démographiques de l’étalement urbain à Montréal de 1971 à 1991 et leurs implications pour la gestion de l’agglomération,” Cah. Qué. Démographie, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 5–30, 1992.
[25] G. Nouatin and F. Bachabi, “Urbanisation et viabilité de l’activité maraîchère : cas d’une ville à statut particulier au Bénin (Parakou),” Vertigo- Rev. Électronique En Sci. Environ., vol. 10, no. 2, Sep. 2010.
[26] C. Enault, “Simulation de l’étalement urbain de Dijon en 2030 : approche systémique de la dynamique gravitaire ville-transport,” Cybergeo Eur. J. Geogr., vol. 592, p. 29, 2012.
[27] G. Demoures and P. Sun, “Distance aux activités et étalement urbain,” Polytech tour - CITERES, Projet de fin d’étude, 2012.
[28] D. C. Gouamene, K. R. Oura, and S. Ouattara, “Etalement Urbain Et Tensions Foncieres Dans Les Villages Peripheriques De Daloa (Centre-Ouest, Cote d’Ivoire),” Eur. Sci. J., vol. 13, no. 35, Décembre 2017.
[29] S. Vermeulin and S. Khan, “Mobilités urbaines et durabilité dans les villes sud- africaines,” Environ. Urbain, vol. 4, p. 19, 2010.
[30] A.-R. Abdoulaye and A. Y. M. A. Ramanou, “Urban Market-Gardening in Parakou (Republic of Benin): Spatial Dynamics, Food Security, Protection of the Environment and Creation of Employments,” J. Geosci. Environ. Prot., vol. 3, pp. 93–103, 2015.
[31] J. Egah, M. Nasser Baco, and I. Moumouni, “Dynamique de gestion de la biodiversité d’igname face au développement du vivrier marchand au nord- Bénin,” VertigO Rev. Électronique En Sci. L’environnement, vol. 12, no. 3, 2012.
[32] M. Dimou and A. Schaffar, “Urban hierarchies and city growth in the Balkans,” Urban Stud., vol. 46, no. 13, pp. 2891–2906., 2009.
[33] M. Dimou and A. Schaffar, “La croissance urbaine est-elle aléatoire ? Les effets des chocs exogènes sur la distribution rang- taille des villes de la péninsule balkanique,” presented at the Communication au colloque GDRI-CNRS DREEM, Istanbul, mai-2009.
[34] D. Black and J. V. Henderson, “Urban evolution in the USA,” J. Econ. Geogr., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 343–372, 2003.
[35] OCDE, “La croissance urbaine chinoise: convergence ou marche aléatoire ?,” Eur. J. Dev. Res., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 154–167, 2012.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Maurille Paul Lanmandjèkpogni, François De Paule Codo, Benjamin Kouassi Yao. (2019). Urban Growth Evaluation by Coupling Descriptive Analysis and Zipf’s Rank-Size Model in Parakou (Benin). Urban and Regional Planning, 4(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20190401.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Maurille Paul Lanmandjèkpogni; François De Paule Codo; Benjamin Kouassi Yao. Urban Growth Evaluation by Coupling Descriptive Analysis and Zipf’s Rank-Size Model in Parakou (Benin). Urban Reg. Plan. 2019, 4(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.urp.20190401.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Maurille Paul Lanmandjèkpogni, François De Paule Codo, Benjamin Kouassi Yao. Urban Growth Evaluation by Coupling Descriptive Analysis and Zipf’s Rank-Size Model in Parakou (Benin). Urban Reg Plan. 2019;4(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.urp.20190401.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.urp.20190401.11,
      author = {Maurille Paul Lanmandjèkpogni and François De Paule Codo and Benjamin Kouassi Yao},
      title = {Urban Growth Evaluation by Coupling Descriptive Analysis and Zipf’s Rank-Size Model in Parakou (Benin)},
      journal = {Urban and Regional Planning},
      volume = {4},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-8},
      doi = {10.11648/j.urp.20190401.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20190401.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.urp.20190401.11},
      abstract = {Parakou occupies a strategic place in the socio-economic development of Benin due to its geographical position. Based on the Urban Land Registry data, and census data from the National Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics coupling with the statistical description and adjustment to the distribution Zipf rank-size model, allowed us to describe the urban hierarchy on the scale of Parakou localities over the period 1979 to 2013. The changes in densities of population occupation per decade show a tendency to sprawl from the 2000s and linear and quadratic adjustments are satisfactory (linear: 0.81≤ R² ≤ 0.95 and quadratic: 0.95 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.98) and significant at 1% (P-value = 0.000) to 88%. The linear coefficients of Pareto are continuously decreasing (ǀαǀ = 1.749 to ǀαǀ = 0.831 between 1979 and 2002), and reflect that the weight of big cities keeps an influence on small and medium-sized cities over this period, while a slight increase was observed in the courtyard of the decade from 2002 to 2013 (ǀαǀ = 0.861 in 2013) and shows the effect of the creation of new districts with the gradual loss of the influence of the old districts of the central core. The results suggest that population growth of the city is occurred with urban sprawl controlled by exogenous factors of infrastructures or land type. Managements of spatial planning structures are then arrested in the guidelines to provide land for the human impacts control on natural resources of watersheds.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Urban Growth Evaluation by Coupling Descriptive Analysis and Zipf’s Rank-Size Model in Parakou (Benin)
    AU  - Maurille Paul Lanmandjèkpogni
    AU  - François De Paule Codo
    AU  - Benjamin Kouassi Yao
    Y1  - 2019/02/21
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20190401.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.urp.20190401.11
    T2  - Urban and Regional Planning
    JF  - Urban and Regional Planning
    JO  - Urban and Regional Planning
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 8
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1697
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20190401.11
    AB  - Parakou occupies a strategic place in the socio-economic development of Benin due to its geographical position. Based on the Urban Land Registry data, and census data from the National Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics coupling with the statistical description and adjustment to the distribution Zipf rank-size model, allowed us to describe the urban hierarchy on the scale of Parakou localities over the period 1979 to 2013. The changes in densities of population occupation per decade show a tendency to sprawl from the 2000s and linear and quadratic adjustments are satisfactory (linear: 0.81≤ R² ≤ 0.95 and quadratic: 0.95 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.98) and significant at 1% (P-value = 0.000) to 88%. The linear coefficients of Pareto are continuously decreasing (ǀαǀ = 1.749 to ǀαǀ = 0.831 between 1979 and 2002), and reflect that the weight of big cities keeps an influence on small and medium-sized cities over this period, while a slight increase was observed in the courtyard of the decade from 2002 to 2013 (ǀαǀ = 0.861 in 2013) and shows the effect of the creation of new districts with the gradual loss of the influence of the old districts of the central core. The results suggest that population growth of the city is occurred with urban sprawl controlled by exogenous factors of infrastructures or land type. Managements of spatial planning structures are then arrested in the guidelines to provide land for the human impacts control on natural resources of watersheds.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Laboratory of Water Science and Technology (LSTE), National Water Institute (INE), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin

  • Laboratory of Industrials Processes, Synthesis, Environment and New Energies, Process Group and Environment, Houphouet-Boigny National Polytechnic Institute, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast

  • Sections