Soy Isoflavones in Poultry Production: Research Advances on Metabolism, Functions, and Applications

Baosheng Sun; Yujiao Ma; Yan Li; Junyan Bie; Danni Song

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

Soy Isoflavones in Poultry Production: Research Advances on Metabolism, Functions, and Applications

Baosheng Sun^*

, Yujiao Ma, Yan Li, Junyan Bie, Danni Song

Published in Science Research (Volume 14, Issue 3)

Received: 28 April 2026 Accepted: 5 June 2026 Published: 9 June 2026

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Abstract

Soy isoflavones are a class of natural secondary metabolites with phytoestrogenic activity found in soybeans, primarily classified into free-type and conjugated-type, with the conjugated form accounting for 97%–98% of the total. This review summarizes the absorption, transformation, and metabolic pathways of soy isoflavones in the small intestine, liver, and large intestine of chickens. Conjugated isoflavones must be hydrolyzed by gut microbiota-secreted β-glucosidase into free aglycones before absorption. Free isoflavones undergo phase I and phase II metabolism in the liver, with some metabolites excreted into the intestine via bile, forming enterohepatic circulation. The unabsorbed fraction enters the large intestine and is further converted into highly active metabolites such as equol. Gut microbiota-mediated hydrolysis and conversion are key to producing these bioactive metabolites. Application studies in poultry production demonstrate that soy isoflavones can effectively improve laying and growth performance, enhance meat quality, and boost antioxidant capacity, immune regulation, and intestinal health by modulating endocrine function, activating antioxidant and immune-related signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB and MAPK), and regulating gut microbiota. This review systematically summarizes the multifaceted biological effects and underlying mechanisms of soy isoflavones, providing a theoretical basis for their rational and standardized application in livestock and poultry farming.

Published in	Science Research (Volume 14, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16
Page(s)	105-112
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Soy Isoflavones, Chicken, Metabolism, Gut Microbiota, Free Type

1．大豆异黄酮的定义和分类

大豆异黄酮（soy isoflavones, SI）是存在于大豆中的一类重要次级代谢产物与生理活性物质，含量约占大豆干重的0.1%–0.5%。其核心化学结构为具有苯环的异黄酮骨架。由于该结构与内源性雌激素相似，故常被称为“植物雌激素”

[1]

；其能够与机体雌激素受体结合，发挥类雌激素效应。

根据存在形式，大豆异黄酮可分为两大类: 游离型与结合型，总计12种（见表1）。其中，游离型主要包括大豆苷元、染料木素和黄豆黄素3种，约占总量的2%-3%，其生物活性较强

[2]

；而结合型（9种）则分别是上述3种游离型异黄酮的葡萄糖苷、乙酰基葡萄糖苷及丙二酰基葡萄糖苷形式，占总量的97%–98%，其本身生物活性较弱

[3]

。

需要指出的是，目前文献中大豆异黄酮的分类与命名体系尚不统一，同物异名现象较为常见，在查阅和使用相关资料时需注意甄别。

表1 大豆异黄酮的12种主要形式。

大类	小类	中文名1	中文别名2	英文名1	英文别名2	分子式
游离型		大豆苷元	大豆甙元、黄豆苷元、大豆素、4, 7-二羟基异黄酮	Daidzein	Daidsein､Daidzeol､4',7-Dihydroxy isoflavone	C15H10O4
		染料木素	染料木黄酮、金雀异黄素、4',5,7-三羟基异黄酮	Genistein	Genisteol､ 4',5,7-trihydroxy isoflavone	C₁₅H₁₀O₅
		黄豆黄素	4',7-二羟基-6-甲氧基异黄酮	Glycitein	4',7-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy isoflavone	C₁₆H₁₂O₅
结合型	葡萄糖苷型	大豆苷	大豆甙、黄豆苷、异黄酮苷、7-羟基-3-（4-羟苯基）-异黄酮-7-糖苷	Daidzin	Daidzoside､ daidzein 7-O-β-D-glucoside Daidzein-7-glucoside	C₂₁H₂₀O₉
		染料木苷	染料木甙、4',5,7-三羟异黄酮-7-糖苷	Genistin	Genistein glucoside、 4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone-7-D-glucoside	C₂₁H₂₀O₁₀
		黄豆黄苷	黄豆黄甙、大豆黄苷、大豆黄甙	Glycitin	Glycitein 7-O-glucoside;	C₂₂H₂₂O₁₀
	乙酰基葡萄糖苷型	乙酰基黄豆苷	6"-O-乙酰黄豆苷	Daidzein 6''-O-Acetate	6''-o-acetyl daidzin	C₂₃H₂₂O₁₀
		乙酰基染料木苷	6′′-O-乙酰染料木苷	Genistin 6''-O-Acetate	6''-o-acetyl genistin	C₂₃H₂₂O₁₁
		乙酰基黄豆黄苷	6''-O-乙酰黄豆黄苷	Glycitin 6''-O-Acetate	6''-o-acetyl glycitin	C₂₄H₂₄O₁₁
	丙二酰基葡萄糖苷型	丙二酰基大豆苷	6''-O-丙二酰基大豆苷	Daidzin 6''-O-Malonate	6"-O-Malonyl Daidzin､malonyl daidzin	C₂₄H₂₂O₁₂
		丙二酰基染料木苷	丙二酰基染料木甙	Genistin 6''-O-Malonate	6''-o-malonylgenistin ､Genistin malonate	C₂₄H₂₂O₁₃
		丙二酰基黄豆黄苷	丙二酰黄豆黄甙、6''-O-丙二酰黄豆黄苷	Glycitin 6''-O-Malonate	6"-O-Malonyl Glycitin	C₂₅H₂₄O₁₃

注¹: 由于大豆异黄酮别名较多，因此不同的文献会有不同的叫法。注²: 本文仅列出部分别名。

2．大豆异黄酮的吸收和代谢

2.1．小肠吸收与代谢

大豆异黄酮经口摄入后，主要在小肠进行初始吸收与转化。游离型大豆异黄酮（如大豆苷元、染料木素和黄豆黄素）可被小肠上皮细胞直接吸收，随后进入门静脉循环。而占总含量绝大多数的结合型大豆异黄酮（包括葡萄糖苷、乙酰基葡萄糖苷及丙二酰基葡萄糖苷等形式），因其分子中的大豆异黄酮苷元通过β-D-葡萄糖苷键与糖基相连，无法被直接吸收。这类结合物必须先在小肠腔或结肠内，由肠道微生物（如拟杆菌Bacteroides、双歧杆菌Bifidobacterium、梭菌Clostridium、肠球菌Enterococcus、乳杆菌Lactobacillus和史雷克氏菌属Slackia等菌属）分泌的β-葡萄糖苷酶催化水解

[4-6]

。该酶特异性解裂β-D-葡萄糖苷键，脱去糖基，释放出具有生物活性的游离型苷元及葡萄糖配基，进而被吸收

[7-9]

。

结合型向游离型的转化是一个分步过程：首先，丙二酰基葡萄糖苷型在相应酶作用下转化为乙酰基葡萄糖苷型，后者进一步转化为葡萄糖苷型，最终由β-葡萄糖苷酶水解释放出游离型苷元

[5, 10]

。完成转化与吸收后，游离型大豆异黄酮穿过肠上皮细胞基底膜，汇入门静脉血流，转运至肝脏进行后续代谢。

2.2．肝脏代谢

游离型大豆异黄酮经门静脉进入肝脏后，迅速经历首过代谢。该代谢过程依次分为两步：首先，在肝细胞细胞色素P450酶系（CYP450）催化下，发生羟基化、去甲基化等Ⅰ相代谢反应，对其化学结构进行初步修饰

[11]

。继而，修饰后的产物通过葡萄糖醛酸化等Ⅱ相结合反应，与葡萄糖醛酸结合，形成葡萄糖醛酸苷结合物（如Daidzein-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷），从而显著提高其水溶性

[11]

。此类结合物生物活性较低，主要经由血液循环分布至全身组织，或随胆汁排入十二指肠，为后续的肠肝循环奠定基础。

2.3．“肠肝循环”代谢

经肝脏代谢生成的大豆异黄酮葡萄糖醛酸结合物随胆汁分泌进入十二指肠。在肠道中，该结合物可被以乳酸杆菌为代表的肠道菌群所分泌的β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶水解，重新释放出游离型大豆异黄酮。释放出的游离苷元一部分可被小肠上皮细胞重吸收，经门静脉返回肝脏，再次经历上述代谢过程，生成结合物后重新排入胆汁，此过程被称为“肝肠循环”，通常可循环2-3次，从而显著延长大豆异黄酮在体内的滞留时间

[16]

。未被小肠重吸收的剩余游离大豆异黄酮则进入大肠，由结肠微生物进行进一步转化与代谢。

2.4．大肠吸收代谢

进入大肠后，游离大豆异黄酮包括大豆苷元、染料木素和黄豆黄素在厌氧微生物酶作用下，经过还原、开环、去酮基等反应

[6]

，生成邻去甲基安哥拉紫檀素和雌马酚等多种具有生物活性的代谢产物

[12, 13]

。其各自代谢过程如下（图1）:

Download: Download full-size image

Figure 1. 图1 大豆异黄酮肠道微生物代谢转换途径。

2.4.1．大豆苷元

大豆苷元在双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium）、乳酸杆菌（Lactococcus）等分泌的大豆苷元还原酶作用下，C环上的C2=C3双键被还原为单键，生成二氢大豆苷元，随后有两个分支：（1）二氢大豆苷元被史雷克氏菌种Slackia isoflavoniconvertens等分泌的二氢大豆苷元脱羟基酶脱去一个羟基，生成去甲基安哥拉紫檀素

[14]

；（2）二氢大豆苷元被史雷克氏菌（Slackia）等分泌的二氢大豆苷元还原酶还原为四氢大豆苷元，然后四氢大豆苷元在Slackia isoflavoniconvertens等分泌的裂解酶作用下，C环开环并脱去一个羟基，生成雌马酚

[15, 17]

。雌马酚被肠道吸收或进一步代谢生成3-羟基雌马酚等代谢产物

[18, 19]

。

2.4.2．染料木素

染料木素在Slackia等微生物分泌的染料木黄酮还原酶作用下，C2=C3双键被还原，生成二氢染料木黄酮，随后有两个分支：（1）二氢染料木黄酮在Slackia、Eubacterium等微生物的脱羟基酶/裂解酶作用下，生成6'-羟基-去甲基安哥拉紫檀素（6'-羟基-O-DMA）；6'-OH-O-DMA可通过C环裂解和侧链氧化转化为4-羟苯基-2-丙酸。（2）二氢染料木黄酮C环在菌株微生物酶作用下断裂，开环产物经还原生成5-羟基-雌马酚

[20, 21]

。

2.4.3．黄豆黄素

黄豆黄素被乳酸菌等进一步代谢，还原生成二氢黄豆黄素或C环裂解产生4-乙基苯酚和间苯三酚衍生物；部分黄豆黄素去甲基化转化为6-羟基黄豆黄素等。

2.5．分布与排泄

游离型大豆异黄酮及其代谢物通过血液运至靶组织，通过与雌激素受体结合发挥抗氧化、抗炎等生理作用。未吸收的大豆异黄酮及其代谢物，主要以葡萄糖醛酸苷或硫酸酯形式经肾脏随尿液排泄，部分随粪便排出

[22]

｡

3．大豆异黄酮对鸡的作用及机制

3.1．提高产蛋性能

大豆异黄酮作为“植物雌激素”，可影响动物的繁殖性能。研究发现，添加大豆异黄酮可提高青年蛋鸡

[23]

、产蛋后期蛋鸡

[24, 25]

以及黄羽肉种母鸡

[26]

的产蛋性能

[27]

。它能通过结合雌激素受体，促进垂体促性腺激素的生成和释放

[28]

，或通过调控肝脏中卵黄蛋白原基因表达提高产蛋性能

[29]

。大豆异黄酮也可提高蛋壳品质

[26, 30]

。

3.2．提高生长性能

大豆异黄酮也能提高鸡的生长性能。研究表明，添加大豆异黄酮例如染料木素

[31, 32]

可提高肉鸡的日增重和饲料转化率

[33]

。它是通过作用于下丘脑-垂体-靶器官生长调节轴，释放生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ（IGF-Ⅰ）

[34]

或通过激活胞内的cAMP/PKA信号通路，促进畜禽的生长。大豆苷元也可激活Akt/mTOR信号诱导成肌细胞肌管形成和肥大

[35]

，增加骨骼肌细胞中葡萄糖转运载体4（GLUT4）的表达和葡萄糖摄取，进而促进鸡的肌肉生长

[36]

。

另外，大豆异黄酮可上调骨保护素的mRNA表达，提高1α羟化酶活性，增加1,25-（OH）₂D₃合成，促进成骨细胞的形成

[37]

；通过激活氧化物酶增殖子受体（PPARs）等信号通路，促进成骨细胞的分化增殖和骨骼发育

[33, 38]

，从而可预防骨质疏松症。

2.3．改善肌肉品质

鸡的肌肉品质指标包括肉色、系水力、嫩度、风味等。研究表明，添加大豆异黄酮可改善肉鸡的肉色

[39]

、提高胸肌的系水力

[40]

、维持肌肉细胞膜完整性而降低滴水损失

[41]

、提高肌纤维密度使肉质更嫩

[42]

、改善胸肌中的脂肪酸组成

[43]

和提高肌苷酸等风味物质含量

[42]

，从而改善肌肉品质。它还能通过调控与脂肪代谢有关的基因表达，降低肝脏葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶的活性，减少体内乙酰乙酸的合成

[44]

，从而降低肉鸡皮下脂肪厚度和腹脂率

[45]

。

3.4．提高抗氧化性能

研究发现，添加染料木素可提高鸡血液中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性

[42, 46]

，并能防止氧化应激导致的膜通透性

[47]

，进而发挥抗氧化活性。在饲粮中添加大豆异黄酮，可提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px活性，改善蛋鸡的抗氧化功能

[26, 30]

。大豆异黄酮代谢产物S-雌马酚，可作为氢/电子受体，清除自由基，抗氧化活性要比亲本化合物黄豆苷元高出100多倍

[6]

。

大豆异黄酮抗氧化作用机理包括以下几方面：抑制和淬灭自由基

[48]

；减轻DNA氧化损伤；抑制脂质过氧化反应诱导抗氧化酶基因表达，增强抗氧化酶活性；减少自由基和活性氧的形成，从而减少机体氧化损伤

[49]

；增加抗氧化蛋白表达及螯合金属离子等

[50]

。还有研究表明，大豆异黄酮抗氧化作用机理是其与β-雌激素受体结合后，激活丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶（MAPK/ERK Kinase，MEK），促进细胞外调节蛋白激酶1/2（ERK1/2）磷酸化，使NF-κB抑制蛋白（IκB）的２个亚基磷酸化，进而激活NF-κB，上调锰超氧化物歧化酶基因MnSOD的表达，起到抗氧化作用

[33, 51]

。

3.5．提高免疫功能

研究表明，大豆异黄酮例如染料木黄酮可增强鸡的免疫

[52]

。大豆异黄酮可提高法氏囊和脾脏指数

[53]

；可介导核转录因子κB（NF-κB）级联和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号转导通路，调节细胞免疫

[54]

；还能增加NK细胞

[11]

、T淋巴细胞的数量

[55]

，增强巨噬细胞的功能

[56]

，进而增强细胞免疫。大豆异黄酮能也能通过抑制酪氨酸蛋白激素酶和拓扑异构酶Ⅱ活性

[57]

，起到抗肿瘤作用。

另外研究发现，染料木黄酮改善老龄鸡肠道的黏膜屏障功能

[58]

。染料木素可抑制脂多糖诱导的TOLL样受体4（TLR4）的表达，从而保护肠道屏障

[59]

；也可抑制丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）的产生来保护肠道紧密连接

[11, 60]

。游离型大豆异黄酮可增加大鼠结肠杯状细胞的数量和抗炎因子白细胞介素-10（IL⁃10），抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF⁃α）和白细胞介素IL⁃4、IL⁃6等促炎因子的表达以及NF⁃κB的激活，进而增强免疫和肠道屏障功能

[61]

。

3.6．改善肠道菌群

肠道微生物多样性对动物肠道健康十分重要。研究发现，结合型大豆异黄酮糖苷降解产生的葡萄糖可作为肠道微生物所需的碳源和能量

[62]

，提高肠道微生物例如鼠李糖乳杆菌和黏质乳杆菌等有益菌的多样性

[33]

。另外，大豆异黄酮特别是染料木素可以通过抑制有害菌的拓扑异构酶的活性抑制DNA复制，从而抑制其增殖

[63, 64]

。

除了影响肠道微生物组成，大豆异黄酮还影响肠道微生物产生的水解酶和抗氧化酶的活性

[65]

，例如可促进乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌分泌β-葡萄糖苷酶

[66]

，进而促进结合型大豆异黄酮水解成游离型。

4．小结及展望

大豆异黄酮作为一种天然的生物活性物质，在鸡养殖中展现出改善生产性能、产品品质和机体健康的多重潜力。其作用机制涉及雌激素受体介导的内分泌调节、抗氧化酶系统的激活以及NF-κB、MAPK等关键信号通路的调控，同时其代谢产物（尤其是雌马酚）的活性显著高于前体物质。肠道微生物在其活化与功能发挥中扮演核心角色。未来研究应聚焦于不同结构异黄酮及其代谢产物的特异功能、精准添加策略及其对肠道微生态的长期影响，以推动其在饲料工业中的科学化、标准化应用。

致谢

本论文受到2023年宜昌高新区科技创新项目“新型高活性大豆异黄酮作用机理及产业化应用的研究”（项目编号：A23-007）和2024年贵州省职业教育“技能贵州”行动计划项目“省级畜牧兽医专业群教师教学创新团队”（黔教函〔2024〕44号）资助。

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Sun, B., Ma, Y., Li, Y., Bie, J., Song, D. (2026). Soy Isoflavones in Poultry Production: Research Advances on Metabolism, Functions, and Applications. Science Research, 14(3), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16

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Sun, B.; Ma, Y.; Li, Y.; Bie, J.; Song, D. Soy Isoflavones in Poultry Production: Research Advances on Metabolism, Functions, and Applications. Sci. Res. 2026, 14(3), 105-112. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16

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Sun B, Ma Y, Li Y, Bie J, Song D. Soy Isoflavones in Poultry Production: Research Advances on Metabolism, Functions, and Applications. Sci Res. 2026;14(3):105-112. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16

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@article{10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16,
  author = {Baosheng Sun and Yujiao Ma and Yan Li and Junyan Bie and Danni Song},
  title = {Soy Isoflavones in Poultry Production: Research Advances on Metabolism, Functions, and Applications},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {105-112},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20261403.16},
  abstract = {Soy isoflavones are a class of natural secondary metabolites with phytoestrogenic activity found in soybeans, primarily classified into free-type and conjugated-type, with the conjugated form accounting for 97%–98% of the total. This review summarizes the absorption, transformation, and metabolic pathways of soy isoflavones in the small intestine, liver, and large intestine of chickens. Conjugated isoflavones must be hydrolyzed by gut microbiota-secreted β-glucosidase into free aglycones before absorption. Free isoflavones undergo phase I and phase II metabolism in the liver, with some metabolites excreted into the intestine via bile, forming enterohepatic circulation. The unabsorbed fraction enters the large intestine and is further converted into highly active metabolites such as equol. Gut microbiota-mediated hydrolysis and conversion are key to producing these bioactive metabolites. Application studies in poultry production demonstrate that soy isoflavones can effectively improve laying and growth performance, enhance meat quality, and boost antioxidant capacity, immune regulation, and intestinal health by modulating endocrine function, activating antioxidant and immune-related signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB and MAPK), and regulating gut microbiota. This review systematically summarizes the multifaceted biological effects and underlying mechanisms of soy isoflavones, providing a theoretical basis for their rational and standardized application in livestock and poultry farming.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Soy Isoflavones in Poultry Production: Research Advances on Metabolism, Functions, and Applications
AU  - Baosheng Sun
AU  - Yujiao Ma
AU  - Yan Li
AU  - Junyan Bie
AU  - Danni Song
Y1  - 2026/06/09
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16
T2  - Science Research
JF  - Science Research
JO  - Science Research
SP  - 105
EP  - 112
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16
AB  - Soy isoflavones are a class of natural secondary metabolites with phytoestrogenic activity found in soybeans, primarily classified into free-type and conjugated-type, with the conjugated form accounting for 97%–98% of the total. This review summarizes the absorption, transformation, and metabolic pathways of soy isoflavones in the small intestine, liver, and large intestine of chickens. Conjugated isoflavones must be hydrolyzed by gut microbiota-secreted β-glucosidase into free aglycones before absorption. Free isoflavones undergo phase I and phase II metabolism in the liver, with some metabolites excreted into the intestine via bile, forming enterohepatic circulation. The unabsorbed fraction enters the large intestine and is further converted into highly active metabolites such as equol. Gut microbiota-mediated hydrolysis and conversion are key to producing these bioactive metabolites. Application studies in poultry production demonstrate that soy isoflavones can effectively improve laying and growth performance, enhance meat quality, and boost antioxidant capacity, immune regulation, and intestinal health by modulating endocrine function, activating antioxidant and immune-related signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB and MAPK), and regulating gut microbiota. This review systematically summarizes the multifaceted biological effects and underlying mechanisms of soy isoflavones, providing a theoretical basis for their rational and standardized application in livestock and poultry farming.
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Baosheng Sun

Hubei Jingruitianheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yichang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China

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http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0272-6206
Yujiao Ma

Hubei Jingruitianheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yichang, China

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Yan Li

Hubei Jingruitianheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yichang, China

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Junyan Bie

Hubei Jingruitianheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yichang, China

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Danni Song

Hubei Jingruitianheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yichang, China

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Figure 1

Figure 1. 图 1 大豆异黄酮肠道微生物代谢转换途径。

Table 1

表1 大豆异黄酮的12种主要形式。

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APA Style

Sun, B., Ma, Y., Li, Y., Bie, J., Song, D. (2026). Soy Isoflavones in Poultry Production: Research Advances on Metabolism, Functions, and Applications. Science Research, 14(3), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16

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ACS Style

Sun, B.; Ma, Y.; Li, Y.; Bie, J.; Song, D. Soy Isoflavones in Poultry Production: Research Advances on Metabolism, Functions, and Applications. Sci. Res. 2026, 14(3), 105-112. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16

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AMA Style

Sun B, Ma Y, Li Y, Bie J, Song D. Soy Isoflavones in Poultry Production: Research Advances on Metabolism, Functions, and Applications. Sci Res. 2026;14(3):105-112. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16

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@article{10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16,
  author = {Baosheng Sun and Yujiao Ma and Yan Li and Junyan Bie and Danni Song},
  title = {Soy Isoflavones in Poultry Production: Research Advances on Metabolism, Functions, and Applications},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {105-112},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20261403.16},
  abstract = {Soy isoflavones are a class of natural secondary metabolites with phytoestrogenic activity found in soybeans, primarily classified into free-type and conjugated-type, with the conjugated form accounting for 97%–98% of the total. This review summarizes the absorption, transformation, and metabolic pathways of soy isoflavones in the small intestine, liver, and large intestine of chickens. Conjugated isoflavones must be hydrolyzed by gut microbiota-secreted β-glucosidase into free aglycones before absorption. Free isoflavones undergo phase I and phase II metabolism in the liver, with some metabolites excreted into the intestine via bile, forming enterohepatic circulation. The unabsorbed fraction enters the large intestine and is further converted into highly active metabolites such as equol. Gut microbiota-mediated hydrolysis and conversion are key to producing these bioactive metabolites. Application studies in poultry production demonstrate that soy isoflavones can effectively improve laying and growth performance, enhance meat quality, and boost antioxidant capacity, immune regulation, and intestinal health by modulating endocrine function, activating antioxidant and immune-related signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB and MAPK), and regulating gut microbiota. This review systematically summarizes the multifaceted biological effects and underlying mechanisms of soy isoflavones, providing a theoretical basis for their rational and standardized application in livestock and poultry farming.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Soy Isoflavones in Poultry Production: Research Advances on Metabolism, Functions, and Applications
AU  - Baosheng Sun
AU  - Yujiao Ma
AU  - Yan Li
AU  - Junyan Bie
AU  - Danni Song
Y1  - 2026/06/09
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16
T2  - Science Research
JF  - Science Research
JO  - Science Research
SP  - 105
EP  - 112
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261403.16
AB  - Soy isoflavones are a class of natural secondary metabolites with phytoestrogenic activity found in soybeans, primarily classified into free-type and conjugated-type, with the conjugated form accounting for 97%–98% of the total. This review summarizes the absorption, transformation, and metabolic pathways of soy isoflavones in the small intestine, liver, and large intestine of chickens. Conjugated isoflavones must be hydrolyzed by gut microbiota-secreted β-glucosidase into free aglycones before absorption. Free isoflavones undergo phase I and phase II metabolism in the liver, with some metabolites excreted into the intestine via bile, forming enterohepatic circulation. The unabsorbed fraction enters the large intestine and is further converted into highly active metabolites such as equol. Gut microbiota-mediated hydrolysis and conversion are key to producing these bioactive metabolites. Application studies in poultry production demonstrate that soy isoflavones can effectively improve laying and growth performance, enhance meat quality, and boost antioxidant capacity, immune regulation, and intestinal health by modulating endocrine function, activating antioxidant and immune-related signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB and MAPK), and regulating gut microbiota. This review systematically summarizes the multifaceted biological effects and underlying mechanisms of soy isoflavones, providing a theoretical basis for their rational and standardized application in livestock and poultry farming.
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
ER  -

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