According to population growth, urban sprawl, as well as global warming, attention to the impact of design on thermal comfort in open spaces is important. Thus, it is essential to climate studies and understanding environmental features, as well as results usage in improving designs. The courtyard as open space in residential buildings which is an important factor in the absorption of sunlit in the courtyard surfaces. Therefore, controlling shading performance with regard to thermal comfort condition is one of the most effective factors in reducing the ambient temperature during hot days. This paper focuses on the impact of shading performance in traditional courtyard houses in the hot (Kashan) and cold (Ardabil) climate of Iran. For better understanding four traditional courtyard houses of Kashan and Ardabil selected randomly. By Design Builder software shaded areas were analyzed for each case. The results showed that the best form for the courtyard in these climates is rectangular. The results indicate that increasing the ratio of length to width and also increasing the height of the walls of the courtyard increases the percentage of shading. As conclusion during a day, there is a high correlation between the MRT and the PMV index, and reducing the MRT improve the PMV index.
| Published in | Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning (Volume 4, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.larp.20190403.12 |
| Page(s) | 53-60 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Shadows, Sunlit, Thermal Comfort, Microclimate, Traditional Courtyard
| [1] | Zinzi, M. and E. Carnielo, Impact of urban temperatures on energy performance and thermal comfort in residential buildings. The case of Rome, Italy. Energy and Buildings, 2017. 157: p. 20-29. |
| [2] | Soflaei, F., M. Shokouhian, and W. Zhu, Socio-environmental sustainability in traditional courtyard houses of Iran and China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017. 69: p. 1147-1169. |
| [3] | Amasyali, K. and N. M. El-Gohary, A review of data-driven building energy consumption prediction studies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018. 81: p. 1192-1205. |
| [4] | Akbari, H. and S. Teshnehdel, Climatic Compatibility of Courtyard Houses, Based on Shading-sunlit Index; Case Studies: Traditional Houses in Kashan & Ardabil Cities. Armanshahr architecture & urban development, 2018. 11 (24): p. 13. |
| [5] | Standard55. 2018; Available from: https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/bookstore/standard-55-thermal-environmental-conditions-for-human-occupancy. |
| [6] | Matzarakis, A., H. Mayer, and M. G. Iziomon, Applications of a universal thermal index: physiological equivalent temperature. International journal of biometeorology, 1999. 43 (2): p. 76-84. |
| [7] | Muhaisen, A. S. and M. B. Gadi, Mathematical model for calculating the shaded and sunlit areas in a circular courtyard geometry. Building and environment, 2005. 40 (12): p. 1619-1625. |
| [8] | Muhaisen, A. S. and M. B. Gadi, Shading performance of polygonal courtyard forms. Building and Environment, 2006. 41 (8): p. 1050-1059. |
| [9] | Hassan, M. H. Ventilated Courtyard as a passive cooling strategy in the hot desert climate. in 33nd AIVC Conference ‘‘Optimising Ventilative Cooling and Airtightness for [Nearly] Zero-Energy Buildings, IAQ and Comfort”, Denmark. 2012. |
| [10] | Manioğlu, G. and G. K. Oral, Effect of courtyard shape factor on heating and cooling energy loads in hot-dry climatic zone. Energy Procedia, 2015. 78: p. 2100-2105. |
| [11] | Ahmad, I., E. Khetrish, and S. Abughres, Thermal analysis of the architecture of old and new houses at Ghadames. Building and Environment, 1985. 20 (1): p. 39-42. |
| [12] | MeteorologicalOrganization. Available from: http://www.irimo.ir/eng/index.php. |
| [13] | Steemers, K., Cities, energy and comfort: a PLEA 2000 review. Energy & Buildings, 2003. 1 (35): p. 1-2. |
| [14] | Littlefair, P., Environmental site layout planning: solar access, microclimate and passive cooling in urban areas. 2000: BRE publications. |
| [15] | Berkovic, S., A. Yezioro, and A. Bitan, Study of thermal comfort in courtyards in a hot arid climate. Solar Energy, 2012. 86 (5): p. 1173-1186. |
| [16] | Ali-Toudert, F., et al., Outdoor thermal comfort in the old desert city of Beni-Isguen, Algeria. Climate research, 2005. 28 (3): p. 243-256. |
| [17] | Oke, T. R., Boundary layer climates. 2002: Routledge. |
| [18] | Landsberg, H. E., The urban climate. Vol. 28. 1981: Academic press. |
| [19] | Almhafdy, A., et al., Courtyard design variants and microclimate performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013. 101: p. 170-180. |
| [20] | Givoni, B., Man, climate and architecture. Elsevier, 1969. |
| [21] | Meir, I. Courtyard microclimate: A hot arid region case study. in Architecture-City-Environment. Proc. 17th PLEA Int. Conference. 2000. |
| [22] | Tahbaz, M., Tarrahi dar faza-ye baz [Shade Design in Open Space]. Journal of Honarhaye Ziba, 2007. 13: p. 27-38. |
| [23] | Cho, S. and N. Mohammadzadeh. Thermal comfort analysis of a traditional Iranian courtyard for the design of sustainable residential buildings. in Proceedings of 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France. 2013. |
| [24] | Muhaisen, A. S., Shading simulation of the courtyard form in different climatic regions. Building and Environment, 2006. 41 (12): p. 1731-1741. |
| [25] | Muhaisen, A. S. and M. B. Gadi, Effect of courtyard proportions on solar heat gain and energy requirement in the temperate climate of Rome. Building and Environment, 2006. 41 (3): p. 245-253. |
| [26] | Thorsson, S., et al., Different methods for estimating the mean radiant temperature in an outdoor urban setting. International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2007. 27 (14): p. 1983-1993. |
APA Style
Saeid Teshnehdel, Mohammadreza Bahari, Seyedasghar Mirnezami. (2019). Traditional Courtyards as a Microclimate in the Improvement of Human Thermal Comfort Condition. Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, 4(3), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20190403.12
ACS Style
Saeid Teshnehdel; Mohammadreza Bahari; Seyedasghar Mirnezami. Traditional Courtyards as a Microclimate in the Improvement of Human Thermal Comfort Condition. Landsc. Archit. Reg. Plan. 2019, 4(3), 53-60. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20190403.12
AMA Style
Saeid Teshnehdel, Mohammadreza Bahari, Seyedasghar Mirnezami. Traditional Courtyards as a Microclimate in the Improvement of Human Thermal Comfort Condition. Landsc Archit Reg Plan. 2019;4(3):53-60. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20190403.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.larp.20190403.12,
author = {Saeid Teshnehdel and Mohammadreza Bahari and Seyedasghar Mirnezami},
title = {Traditional Courtyards as a Microclimate in the Improvement of Human Thermal Comfort Condition},
journal = {Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {53-60},
doi = {10.11648/j.larp.20190403.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20190403.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.larp.20190403.12},
abstract = {According to population growth, urban sprawl, as well as global warming, attention to the impact of design on thermal comfort in open spaces is important. Thus, it is essential to climate studies and understanding environmental features, as well as results usage in improving designs. The courtyard as open space in residential buildings which is an important factor in the absorption of sunlit in the courtyard surfaces. Therefore, controlling shading performance with regard to thermal comfort condition is one of the most effective factors in reducing the ambient temperature during hot days. This paper focuses on the impact of shading performance in traditional courtyard houses in the hot (Kashan) and cold (Ardabil) climate of Iran. For better understanding four traditional courtyard houses of Kashan and Ardabil selected randomly. By Design Builder software shaded areas were analyzed for each case. The results showed that the best form for the courtyard in these climates is rectangular. The results indicate that increasing the ratio of length to width and also increasing the height of the walls of the courtyard increases the percentage of shading. As conclusion during a day, there is a high correlation between the MRT and the PMV index, and reducing the MRT improve the PMV index.},
year = {2019}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Traditional Courtyards as a Microclimate in the Improvement of Human Thermal Comfort Condition AU - Saeid Teshnehdel AU - Mohammadreza Bahari AU - Seyedasghar Mirnezami Y1 - 2019/11/11 PY - 2019 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20190403.12 DO - 10.11648/j.larp.20190403.12 T2 - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning JF - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning JO - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning SP - 53 EP - 60 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2637-4374 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20190403.12 AB - According to population growth, urban sprawl, as well as global warming, attention to the impact of design on thermal comfort in open spaces is important. Thus, it is essential to climate studies and understanding environmental features, as well as results usage in improving designs. The courtyard as open space in residential buildings which is an important factor in the absorption of sunlit in the courtyard surfaces. Therefore, controlling shading performance with regard to thermal comfort condition is one of the most effective factors in reducing the ambient temperature during hot days. This paper focuses on the impact of shading performance in traditional courtyard houses in the hot (Kashan) and cold (Ardabil) climate of Iran. For better understanding four traditional courtyard houses of Kashan and Ardabil selected randomly. By Design Builder software shaded areas were analyzed for each case. The results showed that the best form for the courtyard in these climates is rectangular. The results indicate that increasing the ratio of length to width and also increasing the height of the walls of the courtyard increases the percentage of shading. As conclusion during a day, there is a high correlation between the MRT and the PMV index, and reducing the MRT improve the PMV index. VL - 4 IS - 3 ER -
Information
Email: