Association of Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 & Type 2), Gestational Diabetes, and Pre-Eclampsia with Preterm Birth Among Omani Women

Zainab Khalfan Al Maqbali

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15

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Association of Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 & Type 2), Gestational Diabetes, and Pre-Eclampsia with Preterm Birth Among Omani Women

Zainab Khalfan Al Maqbali

Published in Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Volume 10, Issue 2)

Received: 16 February 2022 Accepted: 7 March 2022 Published: 15 March 2022

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Abstract

Background: To understand what results in preterm birth, the purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to determine if and to what extent rates of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and pre-eclampsia differ between Omani women who deliver preterm infants and Omani women who deliver term infants. Shonkoff’s bio-developmental framework provided the theoretical foundation for the study. Methodology: A quantitative method. Specifically, this is a retrospective cross-sectional study using secondary data Secondary. Data were gathered from a simple random sample of 400 women who delivered preterm or term infants between 2015 and 2017 at Ibri hospital in Oman. Controls group included 200 women with full-term and 200 cases women with pre-term (case to control ratio was 1:1). After data extraction and cleaning, descriptive analyses and Chi-square tests of independence were conducted. Results: A total of 400 randomly selected participants (mean age of the participants was 29.26 (SD±5.75) years) were included in the study (200 participants gave birth to preterm infants and 200 participants gave birth to full term infants). The demographics of the women, maternal clinical characteristics, neonatal clinical characteristics, maternal complications in previous pregnancy, and maternal complications in current pregnancy, were summarized. According to the results of chi-square tests of independence, there was no association between delivery term and complications in current pregnancy, in terms of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM, and pre-eclampsia. Nonetheless, numerous statistically significant association were found between risk of preterm birth and demographic as well as clinical factors. Conclusion: According to the results, there was no statistically significant association between delivery term and complications in current pregnancy, in terms of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia. However, most of the indicators related to determine the connection between education, number of infants born prematurely, maternal family history of GDM, maternal family history of gestational hypertension, maternal family history of obesity, infants’ birth weight, Apgar score at 1 minute and Apgar score at 5 minutes, and fetal demise the second research question were statistically significant with preterm birth. Finally, the researcher recommends addressing the current study’s limitation of Omani specific results in broader studies covering a greater population and diverse population demographics. Also the researcher recommends the results of this study be applied to nursing practice and education by training nurses and nursing students to identify factors in patient family histories which might suggest high risk pregnancies.

Published in	Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15
Page(s)	82-91
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Preterm, Pre-eclampsia, Pre-gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

References

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[2]	Goldenberg, R., Culhane, J., Iams, J., & Romero, R. (2008). Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet, 371, 75–84. Doi: 10.1016/so140-6736.
[3]	March of Dimes. (2017b). March of dimes goal: reduce early births to 9.6%. Retrieved from https://www.marchofdimes.org/news/march-of-dimes-goal-reduce-early-births-to-96-percent.aspx.
[4]	Oman Ministry of Health, Oman. (2016). The 9^th Five-year plan for health development (2016-2020). Retrieved from https://www.moh.gov.om/en_US/web/directorate-general-of-planning/introduction.
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[6]	Abeysena, C., Jayawardana, P., & Seneviratne R. (2010). Effect of psychosocial stress and physical activity on preterm birth: a cohort study. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, 36 (2), 260-267.
[7]	Abu Hamed, K., Abed, Y., & Abu Hamed, B. (2007). Risk factors associated with preterm birth in the Gaza Strip: hospital-based case-control study. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 13 (5), 1133–1139.
[8]	Cavazos-Rehg, P., Krauss, M., Spitznagel, E., Bommarito, K., Madden, T., Olsen, M.,… Bierut, L. (2015). Maternal age and risk of labor and delivery complications. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 19 (6), 1202-11. Doi: 10.1007/s.
[9]	Beeckman, K., van De Putte, S., Putman, K., & Louckx, F. (2009). Predictive social factors in relation to preterm birth in a metropolitan region. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 88 (7), 787-792.
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[12]	Nerenberg, K. A., Johnson, J. A., Leung, B., Savu, A., Ryan, E. A., Chik, C. L., & Kaul, P. (2013). Risks of gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia over the last decade in a cohort of Alberta women. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 35 (11), 986-994.
[13]	O’Brien, T. Ray, J., & Chan, W. (2003). Maternal body mass index and the risk of pre-eclampsia: a systematic overview. Epidemiology, 14 (3), 368-74.
[14]	Cripe, S., O’Brien, W., Gelaye, B. & Williams, M. (2012). Perinatal outcomes of Southeast Asians with pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus or pre-eclampsia. Journal of Immigrant and Minority of Health, 14. 5, 747–53.
[15]	Norwitz, E. & Caughey, A. (2011). Progesterone supplementation and the prevention of preterm birth. Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4 (2), 60.
[16]	Dekker, G., & Sibai, B. (2001). Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of pre-eclampsia. The Lancet, 357 (9251), 209-215.
[17]	Flood, K., & Malone, F. (2012). Prevention of preterm birth. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 17 (1), 58-63. Doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2011.08.001.
[18]	Peterson, C., Grosse, S., Li, R., Sharma, A., Razzaghi, H., Herman, W., & Gilboa, S. (2015). Preventable health and cost burden of adverse birth outcomes associated with pre-gestational diabetes in the United States. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 212 (1), 74. e1-74. e9. Doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.09.009.
[19]	Ibri Hospital (2017). Annual Statistics, Oman: Statistics Office.
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APA Style

Zainab Khalfan Al Maqbali. (2022). Association of Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 & Type 2), Gestational Diabetes, and Pre-Eclampsia with Preterm Birth Among Omani Women. Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 10(2), 82-91. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15

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ACS Style

Zainab Khalfan Al Maqbali. Association of Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 & Type 2), Gestational Diabetes, and Pre-Eclampsia with Preterm Birth Among Omani Women. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 2022, 10(2), 82-91. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15

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AMA Style

Zainab Khalfan Al Maqbali. Association of Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 & Type 2), Gestational Diabetes, and Pre-Eclampsia with Preterm Birth Among Omani Women. J Gynecol Obstet. 2022;10(2):82-91. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15

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@article{10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15,
  author = {Zainab Khalfan Al Maqbali},
  title = {Association of Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 & Type 2), Gestational Diabetes, and Pre-Eclampsia with Preterm Birth Among Omani Women},
  journal = {Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {82-91},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jgo.20221002.15},
  abstract = {Background: To understand what results in preterm birth, the purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to determine if and to what extent rates of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and pre-eclampsia differ between Omani women who deliver preterm infants and Omani women who deliver term infants. Shonkoff’s bio-developmental framework provided the theoretical foundation for the study. Methodology: A quantitative method. Specifically, this is a retrospective cross-sectional study using secondary data Secondary. Data were gathered from a simple random sample of 400 women who delivered preterm or term infants between 2015 and 2017 at Ibri hospital in Oman. Controls group included 200 women with full-term and 200 cases women with pre-term (case to control ratio was 1:1). After data extraction and cleaning, descriptive analyses and Chi-square tests of independence were conducted. Results: A total of 400 randomly selected participants (mean age of the participants was 29.26 (SD±5.75) years) were included in the study (200 participants gave birth to preterm infants and 200 participants gave birth to full term infants). The demographics of the women, maternal clinical characteristics, neonatal clinical characteristics, maternal complications in previous pregnancy, and maternal complications in current pregnancy, were summarized. According to the results of chi-square tests of independence, there was no association between delivery term and complications in current pregnancy, in terms of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM, and pre-eclampsia. Nonetheless, numerous statistically significant association were found between risk of preterm birth and demographic as well as clinical factors. Conclusion: According to the results, there was no statistically significant association between delivery term and complications in current pregnancy, in terms of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia. However, most of the indicators related to determine the connection between education, number of infants born prematurely, maternal family history of GDM, maternal family history of gestational hypertension, maternal family history of obesity, infants’ birth weight, Apgar score at 1 minute and Apgar score at 5 minutes, and fetal demise the second research question were statistically significant with preterm birth. Finally, the researcher recommends addressing the current study’s limitation of Omani specific results in broader studies covering a greater population and diverse population demographics. Also the researcher recommends the results of this study be applied to nursing practice and education by training nurses and nursing students to identify factors in patient family histories which might suggest high risk pregnancies.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Association of Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 & Type 2), Gestational Diabetes, and Pre-Eclampsia with Preterm Birth Among Omani Women
AU  - Zainab Khalfan Al Maqbali
Y1  - 2022/03/15
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15
T2  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
JF  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
JO  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
SP  - 82
EP  - 91
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7820
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15
AB  - Background: To understand what results in preterm birth, the purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to determine if and to what extent rates of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and pre-eclampsia differ between Omani women who deliver preterm infants and Omani women who deliver term infants. Shonkoff’s bio-developmental framework provided the theoretical foundation for the study. Methodology: A quantitative method. Specifically, this is a retrospective cross-sectional study using secondary data Secondary. Data were gathered from a simple random sample of 400 women who delivered preterm or term infants between 2015 and 2017 at Ibri hospital in Oman. Controls group included 200 women with full-term and 200 cases women with pre-term (case to control ratio was 1:1). After data extraction and cleaning, descriptive analyses and Chi-square tests of independence were conducted. Results: A total of 400 randomly selected participants (mean age of the participants was 29.26 (SD±5.75) years) were included in the study (200 participants gave birth to preterm infants and 200 participants gave birth to full term infants). The demographics of the women, maternal clinical characteristics, neonatal clinical characteristics, maternal complications in previous pregnancy, and maternal complications in current pregnancy, were summarized. According to the results of chi-square tests of independence, there was no association between delivery term and complications in current pregnancy, in terms of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM, and pre-eclampsia. Nonetheless, numerous statistically significant association were found between risk of preterm birth and demographic as well as clinical factors. Conclusion: According to the results, there was no statistically significant association between delivery term and complications in current pregnancy, in terms of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia. However, most of the indicators related to determine the connection between education, number of infants born prematurely, maternal family history of GDM, maternal family history of gestational hypertension, maternal family history of obesity, infants’ birth weight, Apgar score at 1 minute and Apgar score at 5 minutes, and fetal demise the second research question were statistically significant with preterm birth. Finally, the researcher recommends addressing the current study’s limitation of Omani specific results in broader studies covering a greater population and diverse population demographics. Also the researcher recommends the results of this study be applied to nursing practice and education by training nurses and nursing students to identify factors in patient family histories which might suggest high risk pregnancies.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Zainab Khalfan Al Maqbali

Nursing Programm, Oman College of Health Science, ALDhahira Governate, Ibri Wilayate, Oman

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Zainab Khalfan Al Maqbali. (2022). Association of Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 & Type 2), Gestational Diabetes, and Pre-Eclampsia with Preterm Birth Among Omani Women. Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 10(2), 82-91. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15

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ACS Style

Zainab Khalfan Al Maqbali. Association of Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 & Type 2), Gestational Diabetes, and Pre-Eclampsia with Preterm Birth Among Omani Women. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 2022, 10(2), 82-91. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15

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AMA Style

Zainab Khalfan Al Maqbali. Association of Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 & Type 2), Gestational Diabetes, and Pre-Eclampsia with Preterm Birth Among Omani Women. J Gynecol Obstet. 2022;10(2):82-91. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15,
  author = {Zainab Khalfan Al Maqbali},
  title = {Association of Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 & Type 2), Gestational Diabetes, and Pre-Eclampsia with Preterm Birth Among Omani Women},
  journal = {Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {82-91},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jgo.20221002.15},
  abstract = {Background: To understand what results in preterm birth, the purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to determine if and to what extent rates of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and pre-eclampsia differ between Omani women who deliver preterm infants and Omani women who deliver term infants. Shonkoff’s bio-developmental framework provided the theoretical foundation for the study. Methodology: A quantitative method. Specifically, this is a retrospective cross-sectional study using secondary data Secondary. Data were gathered from a simple random sample of 400 women who delivered preterm or term infants between 2015 and 2017 at Ibri hospital in Oman. Controls group included 200 women with full-term and 200 cases women with pre-term (case to control ratio was 1:1). After data extraction and cleaning, descriptive analyses and Chi-square tests of independence were conducted. Results: A total of 400 randomly selected participants (mean age of the participants was 29.26 (SD±5.75) years) were included in the study (200 participants gave birth to preterm infants and 200 participants gave birth to full term infants). The demographics of the women, maternal clinical characteristics, neonatal clinical characteristics, maternal complications in previous pregnancy, and maternal complications in current pregnancy, were summarized. According to the results of chi-square tests of independence, there was no association between delivery term and complications in current pregnancy, in terms of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM, and pre-eclampsia. Nonetheless, numerous statistically significant association were found between risk of preterm birth and demographic as well as clinical factors. Conclusion: According to the results, there was no statistically significant association between delivery term and complications in current pregnancy, in terms of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia. However, most of the indicators related to determine the connection between education, number of infants born prematurely, maternal family history of GDM, maternal family history of gestational hypertension, maternal family history of obesity, infants’ birth weight, Apgar score at 1 minute and Apgar score at 5 minutes, and fetal demise the second research question were statistically significant with preterm birth. Finally, the researcher recommends addressing the current study’s limitation of Omani specific results in broader studies covering a greater population and diverse population demographics. Also the researcher recommends the results of this study be applied to nursing practice and education by training nurses and nursing students to identify factors in patient family histories which might suggest high risk pregnancies.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Association of Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 & Type 2), Gestational Diabetes, and Pre-Eclampsia with Preterm Birth Among Omani Women
AU  - Zainab Khalfan Al Maqbali
Y1  - 2022/03/15
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15
T2  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
JF  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
JO  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
SP  - 82
EP  - 91
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7820
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.15
AB  - Background: To understand what results in preterm birth, the purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to determine if and to what extent rates of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and pre-eclampsia differ between Omani women who deliver preterm infants and Omani women who deliver term infants. Shonkoff’s bio-developmental framework provided the theoretical foundation for the study. Methodology: A quantitative method. Specifically, this is a retrospective cross-sectional study using secondary data Secondary. Data were gathered from a simple random sample of 400 women who delivered preterm or term infants between 2015 and 2017 at Ibri hospital in Oman. Controls group included 200 women with full-term and 200 cases women with pre-term (case to control ratio was 1:1). After data extraction and cleaning, descriptive analyses and Chi-square tests of independence were conducted. Results: A total of 400 randomly selected participants (mean age of the participants was 29.26 (SD±5.75) years) were included in the study (200 participants gave birth to preterm infants and 200 participants gave birth to full term infants). The demographics of the women, maternal clinical characteristics, neonatal clinical characteristics, maternal complications in previous pregnancy, and maternal complications in current pregnancy, were summarized. According to the results of chi-square tests of independence, there was no association between delivery term and complications in current pregnancy, in terms of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM, and pre-eclampsia. Nonetheless, numerous statistically significant association were found between risk of preterm birth and demographic as well as clinical factors. Conclusion: According to the results, there was no statistically significant association between delivery term and complications in current pregnancy, in terms of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia. However, most of the indicators related to determine the connection between education, number of infants born prematurely, maternal family history of GDM, maternal family history of gestational hypertension, maternal family history of obesity, infants’ birth weight, Apgar score at 1 minute and Apgar score at 5 minutes, and fetal demise the second research question were statistically significant with preterm birth. Finally, the researcher recommends addressing the current study’s limitation of Omani specific results in broader studies covering a greater population and diverse population demographics. Also the researcher recommends the results of this study be applied to nursing practice and education by training nurses and nursing students to identify factors in patient family histories which might suggest high risk pregnancies.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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